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  • RabbitMQ消费端ACK与重回队列机制,TTL,死信队列详解(十一)

    消费端的手工ACK和NACK

      消费端进行消费的时候,如果由于业务异常我们可以进行日志的记录,然后进行补偿。

      如果由于服务器宕机等严重问题,那么我们就需要手工进行ACK保障消费端成功。

    消费端重回队列

      为了对没有处理成功的消息,把消息重新回递给Broker。

      一般我们在实际应用中,都会关闭重回队列,也就是设置为false。

            //生产端代码
            ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
            connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
            connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
            connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
            
            Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            
            String exchange = "test_ack_exchange";
            String routingKey = "ack.save";
            
            for(int i =0; i<5; i ++){
                
                Map<String, Object> headers = new HashMap<String, Object>();
                headers.put("num", i);
                
                AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder()
                        .deliveryMode(2)
                        .contentEncoding("UTF-8")
                        .headers(headers)
                        .build();
                String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ ACK Message " + i;
                channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKey, true, properties, msg.getBytes());
            }
            //消费端代码
            ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
            connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
            connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
            connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
            
            Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            
            
            String exchangeName = "test_ack_exchange";
            String queueName = "test_ack_queue";
            String routingKey = "ack.#";
            
            channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
            channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
            channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
            
            // 手工签收 必须要关闭 autoAck = false
            channel.basicConsume(queueName, false, new MyConsumer(channel));
        //自定义消费者
        private Channel channel ;
        
        public MyConsumer(Channel channel) {
            super(channel);
            this.channel = channel;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
            System.err.println("-----------consume message----------");
            System.err.println("body: " + new String(body));
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            if((Integer)properties.getHeaders().get("num") == 0) {
                channel.basicNack(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false, true);
            } else {
                channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
            }
            
        }

    TTL队列/消息

      TTL是time to live的缩写,也就是生存时间

      RabbitMQ支持消息的过期时间,在消息发送时可以进行指定

      RabbitMQ支持队列的过期时间,从消息入队列开始计算,只要超过了队列的超过时间配置,那么消息会自动的清除。

      

      消息10s过期,TTL是队列过期时间。

    DLX死信队列

      DLX,Dead-Letter-Exchange

      利用DLX,当消息在一个队列中变成死信之后,它能够被重新publish到另一个exchange,这个exchange就是DLX。

    消息变成死信情况

      消息被拒绝(basic.reject/basic.nack)并且request=false

      消息TTL过期

      队列达到最大的长度

    DLX也是一个正常的exchange,和一般的exchange没有区别,他能在任何的队列上被指定,实际上就是设置某个队列的属性。

    当这个队列中有死信时,RabbitMQ就会自动的将这个消息重新发布到设置的exchange上去,进而被路由到另一个队列。 

    可以监听这个队列中消息做相应的处理,这个特性可以弥补RabbitMQ3.0以前支持的immediate参数的功能。 

    死信队列设置:

      首先要设置死信队列的exchange和queue,然后进行绑定:

      Exchange:dlx.exchange

      Queue:dlx.queue

      RoutingKey:#

      然后我们进行正常声明交换机,队列,绑定,只不过我们需要在队列加上一个参数:arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange","dlx.exchange");

      这样消息在过期、request、队列子啊达到最大长度时, 消息就可以直接路由到死信队列。 

            //生产者端代码
            ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
            connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
            connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
            connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
            
            Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            
            String exchange = "test_dlx_exchange";
            String routingKey = "dlx.save";
            
            String msg = "Hello RabbitMQ DLX Message";
            
            for(int i =0; i<1; i ++){
                
                AMQP.BasicProperties properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder()
                        .deliveryMode(2)
                        .contentEncoding("UTF-8")
                        .expiration("10000")
                        .build();
                channel.basicPublish(exchange, routingKey, true, properties, msg.getBytes());
            }
             
            //消费者端代码
            ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new ConnectionFactory();
            connectionFactory.setHost("127.0.0.1");
            connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
            connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
            
            Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
            
            // 这就是一个普通的交换机 和 队列 以及路由
            String exchangeName = "test_dlx_exchange";
            String routingKey = "dlx.#";
            String queueName = "test_dlx_queue";
            
            channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName, "topic", true, false, null);
            
            Map<String, Object> agruments = new HashMap<String, Object>();
            agruments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange", "dlx.exchange");
            //这个agruments属性,要设置到声明队列上
            channel.queueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, agruments);
            channel.queueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
            
            //要进行死信队列的声明:
            channel.exchangeDeclare("dlx.exchange", "topic", true, false, null);
            channel.queueDeclare("dlx.queue", true, false, false, null);
            channel.queueBind("dlx.queue", "dlx.exchange", "#");
            
            channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, new MyConsumer(channel));
        //自定义消费者
        public MyConsumer(Channel channel) {
            super(channel);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
            System.err.println("-----------consume message----------");
            System.err.println("consumerTag: " + consumerTag);
            System.err.println("envelope: " + envelope);
            System.err.println("properties: " + properties);
            System.err.println("body: " + new String(body));
        }
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/luhan777/p/11193547.html
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