一、前置条件
1、操作系统准备
（1）Linux可以用作开发平台及产品平台。
（2）win32只可用作开发平台，且需要cygwin的支持。
2、安装jdk 1.6或以上
3、安装ssh，并配置免密码登录。
$ ssh-keygen -t dsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
注意
（1）若.ssh目录不存在，则先建立目录。
（2）.ssh/的权限为700,authorized_keys的权限为700，权限大了小了都不行。
4、若为初次安装，为避免权限问题，建议使用root用户。
二、基本准备
1、下载hadoop1.2.1并解压
[root@jediael jediael]$wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-1.2.1/hadoop-1.2.1.tar.gz [root@jediael jediael]$ tar -zxvf hadoop-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz
选择国内镜像，速度较快。
2、修改conf/hadoop-env.sh，添加JAVA_HOME变量
（1）增加JAVA_HOME
[root@jediael hadoop-1.2.1]$ vi conf/hadoop-env.sh export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_51
（2）执行hadoop命令
[root@jediael hadoop-1.2.1]$ bin/hadoop Usage: hadoop [--config confdir] COMMAND where COMMAND is one of: namenode -format format the DFS filesystem secondarynamenode run the DFS secondary namenode namenode run the DFS namenode datanode run a DFS datanode dfsadmin run a DFS admin client mradmin run a Map-Reduce admin client fsck run a DFS filesystem checking utility fs run a generic filesystem user client
以上输出表明安装正常。
三、配置伪分布模式
1、配置core-site.xml，增加以下属性
<configuration>
<property>
<name>fs.default.name</name>
<value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
</property>
</configuration>
2、配置hdfs-site.xml，增加以下属性
<configuration>
<property>
<name>dfs.replication</name>
<value>1</value>
</property>
</configuration>
3、配置mapred-site.xml，增加以下属性
<configuration>
<property>
<name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
<value>localhost:9001</value>
</property>
</configuration>
1、格式化hdfs
[root@jediael hadoop-1.2.1]$ bin/hadoop namenode -format 14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG: /************************************************************ STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode STARTUP_MSG: host = jediael/10.171.29.191 STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format] STARTUP_MSG: version = 1.2.1 STARTUP_MSG: build = https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/hadoop/common/branches/branch-1.2 -r 1503152; compiled by 'mattf' on Mon Jul 22 15:23:09 PDT 2013 STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_51 ************************************************************/ 14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map BlocksMap 14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit 14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO util.GSet: 2.0% max memory = 1013645312 14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^21 = 2097152 entries 14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO util.GSet: recommended=2097152, actual=2097152 14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner=jediael 14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup=supergroup 14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled=true 14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.block.invalidate.limit=100 14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isAccessTokenEnabled=false accessKeyUpdateInterval=0 min(s), accessTokenLifetime=0 min(s) 14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO namenode.FSEditLog: dfs.namenode.edits.toleration.length = 0 14/08/16 23:50:02 INFO namenode.NameNode: Caching file names occuring more than 10 times 14/08/16 23:50:03 INFO common.Storage: Image file /tmp/hadoop-jediael/dfs/name/current/fsimage of size 113 bytes saved in 0 seconds. 14/08/16 23:50:03 INFO namenode.FSEditLog: closing edit log: position=4, editlog=/tmp/hadoop-jediael/dfs/name/current/edits 14/08/16 23:50:03 INFO namenode.FSEditLog: close success: truncate to 4, editlog=/tmp/hadoop-jediael/dfs/name/current/edits 14/08/16 23:50:03 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /tmp/hadoop-jediael/dfs/name has been successfully formatted. 14/08/16 23:50:03 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG: /************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at jediael/10.171.29.191 ************************************************************/
2、启动hadoop
[root@jediael hadoop-1.2.1]# bin/start-all.sh starting namenode, logging to /opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-root-namenode-jediael.out localhost: starting datanode, logging to /opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-root-datanode-jediael.out localhost: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-root-secondarynamenode-jediael.out starting jobtracker, logging to /opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-root-jobtracker-jediael.out localhost: starting tasktracker, logging to /opt/jediael/hadoop-1.2.1/libexec/../logs/hadoop-root-tasktracker-jediael.out
默认情况下，日志将被输出至{HADOOP_HOME}/logs，除非修改了${HADOOP_LOG_DIR}。
3、访问以下2个页面，验证是否已经安装成功
- NameNode - http://localhost:50070/
- JobTracker - http://localhost:50030/
4、使用jps查看各个进程的运行情况
[root@jediael hadoop-1.2.0]# jps 3148 JobTracker 3280 TaskTracker 3052 SecondaryNameNode 2920 DataNode 2801 NameNode 3442 Jps
五、使用一个简单的hadoop程序验证环境
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