zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • Hadoop mapreduce自定义分组RawComparator

    本文发表于本人博客

        今天接着上次【Hadoop mapreduce自定义排序WritableComparable】文章写,按照顺序那么这次应该是讲解自定义分组如何实现,关于操作顺序在这里不多说了,需要了解的可以看看我在博客园的评论,现在开始。

       首先我们查看下Job这个类,发现有setGroupingComparatorClass()这个方法,具体源码如下:

      /**
       * Define the comparator that controls which keys are grouped together
       * for a single call to 
       * {@link Reducer#reduce(Object, Iterable, 
       *                       org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer.Context)}
       * @param cls the raw comparator to use
       * @throws IllegalStateException if the job is submitted
       */
      public void setGroupingComparatorClass(Class<? extends RawComparator> cls
                                             ) throws IllegalStateException {
        ensureState(JobState.DEFINE);
        conf.setOutputValueGroupingComparator(cls);
      }

    从方法的源码可以看出这个方法是定义自定义键分组功能。设置这个自定义分组类必须满足extends RawComparator,那我们可以看下这个类的源码:

    /**
     * <p>
     * A {@link Comparator} that operates directly on byte representations of
     * objects.
     * </p>
     * @param <T>
     * @see DeserializerComparator
     */
    public interface RawComparator<T> extends Comparator<T> {
      public int compare(byte[] b1, int s1, int l1, byte[] b2, int s2, int l2);
    }

    然而这个RawComparator是泛型继承Comparator接口的,简单看了下那我们来自定义一个类继承RawComparator,代码如下:

    public class MyGrouper implements RawComparator<SortAPI> {
        @Override
        public int compare(SortAPI o1, SortAPI o2) {
            return (int)(o1.first - o2.first);
        }
        @Override
        public int compare(byte[] b1, int s1, int l1, byte[] b2, int s2, int l2) {
            int compareBytes = WritableComparator.compareBytes(b1, s1, 8, b2, s2, 8);
            return compareBytes;
        }
        
    }

    源码中SortAPI是上节自定义排序中的定义对象,第一个方法从注释可以看出是比较2个参数的大小,返回的是自然整数;第二个方法是在反序列化时比较,所以需要是用字节比较。接下来我们继续看看自定义MyMapper类:

    public class MyMapper extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, SortAPI, LongWritable> {    
        @Override
        protected void map(LongWritable key, Text value,Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            String[] splied = value.toString().split("	");
            try {
                long first = Long.parseLong(splied[0]);
                long second = Long.parseLong(splied[1]);
                context.write(new SortAPI(first,second), new LongWritable(1));
            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.out.println(e.getMessage());
            }
        }    
    }

    自定义MyReduce类:

    public class MyReduce extends Reducer<SortAPI, LongWritable, LongWritable, LongWritable> {
        @Override
        protected void reduce(SortAPI key, Iterable<LongWritable> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            context.write(new LongWritable(key.first), new LongWritable(key.second));
        }
        
    }

    自定义SortAPI类:

    public class SortAPI implements WritableComparable<SortAPI> {
        public Long first;
        public Long second;
        public SortAPI(){
            
        }
        public SortAPI(long first,long second){
            this.first = first;
            this.second = second;
        }
    
        @Override
        public int compareTo(SortAPI o) {
            return (int) (this.first - o.first);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
            out.writeLong(first);
            out.writeLong(second);
        }
    
        @Override
        public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
            this.first = in.readLong();
            this.second = in.readLong();
            
        }
    
        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            return this.first.hashCode() + this.second.hashCode();
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object obj) {
            if(obj instanceof SortAPI){
                SortAPI o = (SortAPI)obj;
                return this.first == o.first && this.second == o.second;
            }
            return false;
        }
        
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return "输出:" + this.first + ";" + this.second;
        }
        
    }

    接下来准备数据,数据如下:

    1       2
    1       1
    3       0
    3       2
    2       2
    1       2

    上传至hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/grouper/input/test.txt,main代码如下:

    public class Test {
        static final String OUTPUT_DIR = "hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/grouper/output/";
        static final String INPUT_DIR = "hdfs://hadoop-master:9000/grouper/input/test.txt";
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            Configuration conf = new Configuration();
            Job job = new Job(conf, Test.class.getSimpleName());    
            job.setJarByClass(Test.class);
            deleteOutputFile(OUTPUT_DIR);
            //1设置输入目录
            FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, INPUT_DIR);
            //2设置输入格式化类
            job.setInputFormatClass(TextInputFormat.class);
            //3设置自定义Mapper以及键值类型
            job.setMapperClass(MyMapper.class);
            job.setMapOutputKeyClass(SortAPI.class);
            job.setMapOutputValueClass(LongWritable.class);
            //4分区
            job.setPartitionerClass(HashPartitioner.class);
            job.setNumReduceTasks(1);
            //5排序分组
            job.setGroupingComparatorClass(MyGrouper.class);
            //6设置在一定Reduce以及键值类型
            job.setReducerClass(MyReduce.class);
            job.setOutputKeyClass(LongWritable.class);
            job.setOutputValueClass(LongWritable.class);
            //7设置输出目录
            FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(OUTPUT_DIR));
            //8提交job
            job.waitForCompletion(true);
        }
        
        static void deleteOutputFile(String path) throws Exception{
            Configuration conf = new Configuration();
            FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(new URI(INPUT_DIR),conf);
            if(fs.exists(new Path(path))){
                fs.delete(new Path(path));
            }
        }
    }

    执行代码,然后在节点上用终端输入:hadoop fs -text /grouper/output/part-r-00000查看结果:

    1       2
    2       2
    3       0

    接下来我们修改下SortAPI类的compareTo()方法:

        @Override
        public int compareTo(SortAPI o) {
            long mis = (this.first - o.first) * -1;
            if(mis != 0 ){
                return (int)mis;
            }
            else{
                return (int)(this.second - o.second);
            }
        }

    再次执行并查看/grouper/output/part-r-00000文件:

    3       0
    2       2
    1       1

    这样我们就得出了同样的数据分组结果会受到排序算法的影响,比如排序是倒序那么分组也是先按照倒序数据源进行分组输出。我们还可以在map函数以及reduce函数中打印记录(过程省略)这样经过对比也得出分组阶段:键值对中key相同(即compare(byte[] b1, int s1, int l1, byte[] b2, int s2, int l2)方法返回0)的则为一组,当前组再按照顺序选择第一个往缓冲区输出(也许会存储到硬盘)。其它的相同key的键值对就不会再往缓冲区输出了。在百度上检索到这边文章,其中它的分组是把map函数输出的value全部迭代到同一个key中,就相当于上面{key,value}:{1,{2,1,2}},这个结果跟最开始没有自定义分组时是一样的,我们可以在reduce函数输出Iterable<LongWritable> values进行查看,其实我觉得这样的才算是分组吧就像数据查询一样。

        在这里我们应该要弄懂分组与分区的区别。分区是对输出结果文件进行分类拆分文件以便更好查看,比如一个输出文件包含所有状态的http请求,那么为了方便查看通过分区把请求状态分成几个结果文件。分组就是把一些相同键的键值对进行计算减少输出;分区之后数据全部还是照样输出到reduce端,而分组的话就有所减少了;当然这2个步骤也是不同的阶段执行。


    这次先到这里。坚持记录点点滴滴!


  • 相关阅读:
    innodb下ibd文件组成
    redo在ACID中作用,及一些概念
    mysql innodb安装目录下文件介绍: 日志记录redu/undo log及临时表ibtmp1
    mysql innodb引擎独立表空间记录,表组成及表迁移
    Python之函数、递归、内置函数
    Python之列表、字典、集合
    Python之介绍、基本语法、流程控制
    CSS之Bootstrap(快速布局)
    Django之缓存
    python之class面向对象(进阶篇)
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/luoliang/p/4245191.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看