使用yum的方式部署LNMP

目录

• 1. 安装Nginx
• 2. 使用第三方扩展epel源安装php7.2
• 3. 安装mysql
• 4. 配置LNMP架构
  • 4.1 配置nginx实现动态请求转发到php
  • 4.2 添加php测试页面
  • 4.3 使用mysqli模块连接mysql
  • 4.4 测试访问
• 5. Nginx的PHP原理
• 6.PHP配置文件优化
  • 6.1 php-ini优化
  • 6.2 php-fpm优化
  • 6.3 PHP5-FPM配置项详解

1. 安装Nginx

$ vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx-stable]
name=nginx stable repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/$basearch/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
$ yum install nginx -y
$ systemctl start nginx && systemctl enable nginx

2. 使用第三方扩展epel源安装php7.2

$ yum remove php-mysql-5.4 php php-fpm php-common
$ rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
$ rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
# Linux如果安不上，使用windows下载rpm包，再进行安装
$ yum -y install php72w php72w-cli php72w-common php72w-devel php72wembedded php72w-gd php72w-mbstring php72w-pdo php72w-xml php72w-fpm php72w-mysqlnd php72w-opcache
$ systemctl start php-fpm && systemctl start php-fpm

3. 安装mysql

$ rpm -ivh http://repo.mysql.com/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
$ yum install mysql-community-server -y
$ systemctl start mysqld && systemctl enable mysqld
$ grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 
2020-06-27T12:07:37.416944Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: av*!_iIuF1<*
# mysql登录需要查看该日志文件
$ mysql -u root -p'av*!_iIuF1<*'
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'MyNewPass4!';
# 更改密码

4. 配置LNMP架构

4.1 配置nginx实现动态请求转发到php

$ vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/php.conf 
server {
    server_name 192.168.1.1;
    listen 80;
    root /soft/code;
    index index.php index.html;

    location ~ .php$ {
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /soft/code$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }
}

4.2 添加php测试页面

$ vim /soft/code/info.php 
<?php
    phpinfo();
?>

4.3 使用mysqli模块连接mysql

$ vim /soft/code/mysql.php 
<?php
$servername = "localhost";
$username = "root";
$password = "MyNewPass4!";
$conn = mysqli_connect($servername,$username,$password);
if (!$conn) {
    die("Connection failed:" . mysqli_connect_error());
}
echo "连接成功！"
?>

4.4 测试访问

5. Nginx的PHP原理

nginx fastcgi访问php
1.用户发送http请求报文给nginx服务器
2.nginx会根据文件url和后缀来判断请求
3.如果请求的是静态内容,nginx会将结果直接返回给用户
4.如果请求的是动态内容,nginx会将请求交给fastcgi客户端,通过fastcgi_pass将这个请求发给php-fpm
5.php-fpm收到请求后会通过本地监听的socket交给wrapper
6.wrapper收到请求会生成新的线程调用php动态程序解析服务器
7.如果用户请求的是博文、或者内容、PHP会请求MySQL查询结果
8.如果用户请求的是图片、附件、PHP会请求nfs存储查询结果
9.php会将查询到的结果交给Nginx
10.nginx会生成一个响应报文返还给用户

6.PHP配置文件优化

6.1 php-ini优化

# 打开php的安全模式,控制php执行危险函数,默认是Off,改为On
sql.safe_mode = Off
# 关闭php头部信息,隐藏版本号,默认是On,该为Off
expose_php = On
# 错误信息输出控制
display_error = Off
error_reporting = E_WARNING & E_ERROR
# 记录错误日志至后台,方便追溯
log_errors = On
error_log = /var/log/php_error.log
# 每个脚本时间最大内存
memory_limit = 128M
# 上传文件最大许可,默认2M,建议调整为16,32M
upload_max_filesize = 2M
# 禁止远程执行phpshell,默认On,建议Off
allow_url_fopen = On
# 时区调整,默认PRC,建议调整为Asia/Shanghai
date.timezone = PRC
# 整体优化后配置文件
sql.safe_mode = Off
expose_php = Off
display_error = Off
error_reporting = E_WARNING	& E_ERROR
log_errors = On
error_log = /var/log/php_error.log
upload_max_filesize = 50M
allow_url_fopen = Off
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai

6.2 php-fpm优化

PHP_FPM配置文件4核16G、8核16G

$ cat /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
[global]
pid	= /var/run/php-fpm.pid
#php-fpm程序错误日志
error_log = /var/log/php/php-fpm.log
log_level = warning
rlimit_files = 655350
events.mechanism = epoll
[www]
user = nginx
group = nginx
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen.owner = www
listen.group = www
listen.mode = 0660
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = 512
pm.start_servers = 10
pm.min_spare_servers = 10
pm.max_spare_servers = 30
pm.process_idle_timeout = 15s;
pm.max_requests = 2048
#php-www模块错误日志
php_flag[display_errors] = off
php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/php/php-www.log
php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
#php慢查询日志
request_slowlog_timeout = 5s
slowlog = /var/log/php/php-slow.log

6.3 PHP5-FPM配置项详解

[global]
# pid设置,记录程序启动后pid
pid = /var/run/php-fpm.pid
# php-fpm程序启动错误日志路径
error_log = /soft/log/php/php-fpm_error.log
# 错误级别，可级级别为: alert（必须⽴即处理,error（错误情况）, warning（警告情况）, notice（一般重要信息）,debug（调试信息），默认: notice
log_level = warning
# 设置文件打开描述符的rlimit限制.
rlimit_files = 65535
events.mechanism = epoll
# 启动进程的用户和组
[www]
user = www
group = www
# fpm监听端口
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
# unix socket设置选项，如果使⽤tcp⽅式访问，这⾥注释即可。
listen.owner = www
listen.group = www
# 允许访问FastCGI进程的IP，any不限制
listen.allowed_clients = 127.0.0.1
# pm设置动态调度
pm = dynamic
# 同一时刻最大的php-fpm子进程数量
pm.max_children = 200
# 动态方式下的起始php-fpm进程数量
pm.start_servers = 20
# 动态方式下服务器空闲时最小php-fpm进程数量
pm.min_spare_servers = 10
# 动态方式下服务器空闲时最大php-fpm进程数量
pm.max_spare_servers = 30
# 最大请求
pm.max_requests = 1024
pm.process_idle_timeout = 15s;
# FPM状态页面,用于监控php-fpm状态使用
pm.status_path = /status
# 错误日志
php_flag[display_errors] = off
php_admin_value[error_log] = /soft/log/php/php-www_error.log
php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
# 配置php慢查询, 以及慢查询记录⽇志位置
request_slowlog_timeout	= 5s
slowlog	= /soft/log/php/php-slow.log