一、命令简介
traceroute 命令用于显示数据包到主机间的路径信息。traceroute 命令利用 IP 协议的“生存时间”字段，并尝试从每个网关到某个主机的路径引发 ICMP TIME_EXCEEDED 响应。
$ traceroute
-bash: traceroute: command not found
$ yum install traceroute -y
二、语法格式
traceroute [-46dFITUnreAV] [-f first_ttl] [-g gate,...] [-i device]
[-m max_ttl] [-p port] [-s src_addr] [-q nqueries]
[-N squeries] [-t tos] [-l flow_label] [-w waittime]
[-z sendwait] [-UL] [-D] [-P proto] [--sport=port] [-M method]
[-O mod_options] [--mtu] [--back] host [packet_len]
三、选项说明
-d #使用Socket级的功能
-f<存活数值> #设置第一个检测数据包的存活数值TTL的大小
-g<网关> #设置来源路由网关，最多可设置8个
-i<网络界面> #使用指定的网络界面送出数据包
-I #使用ICMP回应取代UDP
-m<存活数值> #设置检测数据包的最大存活数值TTL的大小
-n #使用IP地址
-p<通信端口> #设置UDP传输协议的通信端口
-r #忽略Routing Table，直接将数据包送到远端主机上
-s<来源地址> #设置本地主机送出数据包的IP地址
-t<服务类型> #设置检测数据包的TOS数值
-v #详细显示执行过程
-w<超时秒数> #设置等待远端主机返回的时间
-x #开启或关闭数据包的正确性检验
四、应用举例
$ traceroute www.bai.com
traceroute to www.bai.com (39.105.137.64), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 gateway (192.168.1.1) 1.362 ms 2.077 ms 1.252 ms
2 100.106.0.1 (100.106.0.1) 6.903 ms 6.256 ms 4.887 ms
3 112.26.21.65 (112.26.21.65) 5.686 ms 4.540 ms 5.581 ms
4 221.183.48.53 (221.183.48.53) 5.430 ms 5.964 ms 5.573 ms
5 221.183.40.33 (221.183.40.33) 25.211 ms 24.256 ms 23.582 ms
6 * * *
7 111.13.0.173 (111.13.0.173) 26.907 ms 111.13.188.37 (111.13.188.37) 30.360 ms 39.156.0.37 (39.156.0.37) 24.476 ms
8 39.156.7.41 (39.156.7.41) 27.161 ms 39.156.1.225 (39.156.1.225) 28.306 ms 39.156.7.41 (39.156.7.41) 26.763 ms
9 39.156.1.225 (39.156.1.225) 28.571 ms 39.156.7.41 (39.156.7.41) 26.401 ms 26.422 ms
10 * 116.251.105.78 (116.251.105.78) 27.443 ms 123.56.34.14 (123.56.34.14) 28.939 ms
11 119.38.212.89 (119.38.212.89) 28.758 ms 116.251.94.101 (116.251.94.101) 28.575 ms *
12 * * *
13 * * *
14 * * *
15 * * *
16 * * *
17 * * *
18 * * *
19 * * *
20 * * *
21 * * *
22 * * *
23 * * *
24 * * *
25 * * *
26 * * *
27 * * *
28 * * *
29 * * *
30 * * *
# 每一行纪录就是一跳 ，每一跳表示一个网关，如果出现*可能是防火墙禁止了ICMP数据包
1、设置指定的跳数
$ traceroute -m 5 www.bai.com
traceroute to www.bai.com (39.105.137.64), 5 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 gateway (192.168.1.1) 0.891 ms 0.987 ms 1.232 ms
2 100.106.0.1 (100.106.0.1) 5.577 ms 4.535 ms 4.726 ms
3 112.26.21.65 (112.26.21.65) 4.923 ms 5.276 ms 5.243 ms
4 221.183.48.53 (221.183.48.53) 7.336 ms 5.865 ms 5.836 ms
5 221.183.40.33 (221.183.40.33) 25.271 ms 24.109 ms 24.157 ms
2、显示IP地址，不查主机名
$ traceroute -n www.bai.com
traceroute to www.bai.com (39.105.137.64), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 192.168.1.1 0.814 ms 0.553 ms 0.578 ms
2 100.106.0.1 6.032 ms 6.508 ms 6.238 ms
3 112.26.21.65 4.854 ms 4.691 ms 9.640 ms
4 221.183.48.53 7.241 ms 7.086 ms 6.928 ms
5 221.183.40.33 25.174 ms 25.030 ms 25.194 ms
6 * * *
7 111.13.188.37 27.009 ms 111.13.0.173 25.983 ms 39.156.0.46 25.386 ms
8 39.156.1.225 27.632 ms * 39.156.0.37 25.082 ms
9 * 116.251.112.186 28.673 ms 39.156.7.41 26.949 ms
10 123.56.34.25 27.917 ms 116.251.94.113 27.853 ms 119.38.212.97 27.568 ms
11 116.251.105.78 30.888 ms 119.38.212.85 28.531 ms *
12 * * *
13 * * *
14 * * *
15 * * *
16 * * *
17 * * *
18 * * *
19 * * *
20 * * *
21 * * *
22 * * *
23 * * *
24 * * *
25 * * *
26 * * *
27 * * *
28 * * *
29 * * *
30 * * *
3、把探测包的个数设置为值5
$ traceroute -q 5 www.bai.com
traceroute to www.bai.com (39.105.137.64), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 gateway (192.168.1.1) 0.795 ms 0.568 ms 0.537 ms 0.474 ms 0.541 ms
2 100.106.0.1 (100.106.0.1) 4.805 ms 4.414 ms 4.843 ms 4.588 ms 4.957 ms
3 112.26.21.65 (112.26.21.65) 4.506 ms 4.574 ms 4.917 ms 4.877 ms 4.880 ms
4 221.183.48.53 (221.183.48.53) 6.155 ms 5.354 ms 5.462 ms 5.264 ms 4.733 ms
5 221.183.40.33 (221.183.40.33) 45.558 ms 24.936 ms 24.420 ms 24.374 ms 24.974 ms
6 * * * * *
7 39.156.0.46 (39.156.0.46) 25.993 ms 39.156.0.37 (39.156.0.37) 25.967 ms 111.13.0.173 (111.13.0.173) 26.491 ms 111.13.188.37 (111.13.188.37) 25.742 ms 26.645 ms
8 * 39.156.0.37 (39.156.0.37) 25.074 ms 39.156.0.46 (39.156.0.46) 25.646 ms 25.533 ms 39.156.0.37 (39.156.0.37) 27.975 ms
9 39.156.7.41 (39.156.7.41) 30.148 ms 39.156.1.225 (39.156.1.225) 27.671 ms 27.640 ms 39.156.7.41 (39.156.7.41) 27.215 ms 26.626 ms
10 116.251.112.206 (116.251.112.206) 28.230 ms 116.251.112.214 (116.251.112.214) 28.362 ms * 119.38.212.85 (119.38.212.85) 27.916 ms 119.38.212.89 (119.38.212.89) 28.332 ms
11 * * * * *
12 * * * * *
13 * * * * *
14 * * * * *
15 * * * * *
16 * * * * *
17 * * * * *
18 * * * * *
19 * * * * *
20 * * * * *
21 * * * * *
22 * * * * *
23 * * * * *
24 * * * * *
25 * * * * *
26 * * * * *
27 * * * * *
28 * * * * *
29 * * * * *
30 * * * * *
4、绕过正常的路由表，直接发送到网络相连的主机
$ traceroute -r www.bai.com
traceroute to www.bai.com (39.105.137.64), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
connect: Network is unreachable
$ traceroute -r 192.168.1.100
traceroute to 192.168.1.100 (192.168.1.100), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 CentOS7-1 (192.168.1.100) 0.193 ms 0.004 ms 0.003 ms