容器命令

有了镜像才可以创建容器，下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

下载镜像

docker pull centos

新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

参数说明

--name='Name' 容器名字，用来区分容器

-d 后台方式运行

-it 使用交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容

-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080

​ -p 主机端口映射：容器端口（常用）

​ -p 直接容器端口

-P 随机指定端口（大写）

查看docker run帮助命令

docker run --help

查看下载的镜像

docker images

测试启动并进入容器

docker run -it centos /bin/bash
#主机名称变更
cd /
ls
查看容器内的centos
从容器中退回主机
exit   #直接停止并退出

列出运行正在的容器

docker ps

列出所有运行过的容器

docker ps -a

显示最近创建的容器

docker ps -a -n=1

显示所有运行容器的编号

docker ps -aq
```![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1488047/202011/1488047-20201119155254571-1335012752.png)


## 退出容器

exit

直接停止并退出

Ctrl+P+Q

容器不停止退出

![](https://img2020.cnblogs.com/blog/1488047/202011/1488047-20201119155341966-1527747864.png)


## 删除容器镜像

```shell
docker rm ID   #删除指定的容器镜像，不能删除正在运行的容器镜像

docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)   #删除所有的容器镜像

docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm -f   #删除所有的容器镜像

centos8报错

启动停止容器

启动

docker start ID

重启

docker restart ID

停止当前正在运行容器

docker stop ID

强制停止当前运行容器

docker kill ID

后台启动

docker run -d 镜像名

问题：

1.Docker容器使用后台运行，就必须要有一个前台进程，Docker发现没有前台应用，就会自动停止

2.例：nginx,容器启动后，发现自己没有提供服务，就会立刻停止，就是没有程序了

查看日志

docker logs

查看帮助命令

docker logs --help

首先启动容器镜像

docker run -it centos /bin/bash

写一点脚本

docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo test;sleep 1;done"

查看日志

docker logs -tf ID

查看具体行的日志

docker logs -tf --tail N ID

进程信息

docker top ID

docker top ID

容器信息

docker inspect ID

帮助命令

Args:传递的参数

pid:进程

Mounts:挂载信息

Env:环境变量

[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect 072d6fb47015
[
    {
        "Id": "072d6fb47015c713a12a27f9dd9b52d140260fadc320c50415656f1547d3b056",
        "Created": "2020-11-02T04:44:44.123849543Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 2448,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-11-02T04:44:44.305600406Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:0d120b6ccaa8c5e149176798b3501d4dd1885f961922497cd0abef155c869566",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/072d6fb47015c713a12a27f9dd9b52d140260fadc320c50415656f1547d3b056/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/072d6fb47015c713a12a27f9dd9b52d140260fadc320c50415656f1547d3b056/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/072d6fb47015c713a12a27f9dd9b52d140260fadc320c50415656f1547d3b056/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/072d6fb47015c713a12a27f9dd9b52d140260fadc320c50415656f1547d3b056/072d6fb47015c713a12a27f9dd9b52d140260fadc320c50415656f1547d3b056-json.log",
        "Name": "/wonderful_carson",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/31c0a7dadc6ab0aac8610ef1cbc6453a7deb07b7e4041eb13d0fde9ffcc1fca2-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a3eea815ce2e49aeb13672555a2278994bc4d4510b0e7d8418f5966573d90b7b/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/31c0a7dadc6ab0aac8610ef1cbc6453a7deb07b7e4041eb13d0fde9ffcc1fca2/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/31c0a7dadc6ab0aac8610ef1cbc6453a7deb07b7e4041eb13d0fde9ffcc1fca2/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/31c0a7dadc6ab0aac8610ef1cbc6453a7deb07b7e4041eb13d0fde9ffcc1fca2/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "072d6fb47015",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200809",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "8b6a572d50123d07c047632ddc336df8a9f717e485a09e5b469d572a435514ce",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/8b6a572d5012",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "c75a2ed0b7f7a7de7315f9c0ce8d1a77324949ae192f5ca4d8a0040ec1581738",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "697346d198aa6d39088da36bf3aa32eee7ef70ae170fa52118cb7ed8cc8993f6",
                    "EndpointID": "c75a2ed0b7f7a7de7315f9c0ce8d1a77324949ae192f5ca4d8a0040ec1581738",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
[root@localhost ~]# 

进入运行容器

通常容器都是使用后台方式运行，需要进入容器，修改一些配置

docker exec

docker exec -it 容器ID bashshell

测试

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
072d6fb47015        centos              "/bin/bash"         6 hours ago         Up 6 hours                              wonderful_carson
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it 072d6fb47015 /bin/bash
[root@072d6fb47015 /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@072d6fb47015 /]# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 05:52 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         16      0  0 10:25 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root         30     16  0 10:26 pts/1    00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@072d6fb47015 /]#

docker attach

docker attach 容器ID

比较:

docker exec 进入容器后开启一个新的终端，可以在里面操作（常用）

docker attach 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程！

从容器内拷贝文件到主机

docker cp

docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 主机路径

[root@localhost ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
072d6fb47015        centos              "/bin/bash"         6 hours ago         Up 6 hours                              wonderful_carson
#进入docker容器内部
[root@localhost ~]# docker attach 072d6fb47015
[root@072d6fb47015 /]# cd /home/
[root@072d6fb47015 home]# ls
#在容器内新建一个文件
[root@072d6fb47015 home]# touch test.txt
[root@072d6fb47015 home]# ls
test.txt
#退出容器进行拷贝测试，退出不影响文件的拷贝
[root@072d6fb47015 home]# exit
exit
#将文件拷贝到主机上
[root@localhost ~]# docker cp 072d6fb47015:/home/test.txt /home/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /home/
[root@localhost home]# ls
test.txt
[root@localhost home]#

小结

attach Attach to a running container #当前she 11 下attach连接指定运行镜像

build Bui1dan image from a Docker file #通过Docker file定制镜像

commit Create a new image from a container changes #提交当前容器为新的镜像

cp Copyfiles/fo1ders from the containers filesystem to the host path #从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中

create Create a new container #创建一个新的容器， 同run， 但不启动容器

diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem #查看docker容器变化

events Get real time events from the server #从docker服务获取容器实时事件

exec Run a command in an existing container #在已存在的容器上运行命令

export Stream the contents of a container as at ar archive #导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件[对应 import]

history show the history of an image #展示一个镜像形成历史

images List images #列出系统当前镜像

import create a new filesystem image from the contents of at arba 11 #从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系 统映像[对应export]

info Display system-wide information #显示系统相关信息

inspect Return 1ow-1eve 1 information on a container #查看容器详细信息

kill kill a running container #ki ll指定docker容器

load Load an image from at ar archive #从一个tar包中加载一个镜像[对应save]

login Register or Login to the docker registry server #注册或者登陆一个docker源服务器

logout Logout from a Docker registry server #从当前Docker registry退出

logs Fetch the 1ogsofa container #输出当前容器日志信息

port Lookup the pub1ic-facing port which is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT #查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端 口

pause Pause a 11 processes within a container #暂停容器

ps List containers #列出容器列表

pull Pullanimageora repository from the docker registry server #从docker镜像源服务器拉取指定镜像或者库镜像

push Push an image or a repository to the docker registry server #推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器

restart Restart a running container #重启运行的容器

rm Remove one or more containers #移除一个或者多个容器

rmi Remove one or more images #移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除，否则需删除相关容 器才可继续或-f强制删除]

run Run a command in a new container #创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令

save Save an image to at ar archive #保存一个镜像为一个tar包[对应1oad]

search Search for an image on the Docker Hub #在docker hub中搜索镜像

start Start a stopped containers #启动容器

stop Stop a running containers #停止容器

tag Tagan image into a repository #给源中镜像打标签

top Lookup the running processes of a container #查看容器中运行的进程信息

un pause Un pause a paused container #取消暂停容器

version Show the docker version information #查看docker版本号

wait Block until a container stops， then print its exitcode #截取容器停止时的退出状态值