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  • 利用Session实现一次验证码

    Session可避免表单的重复提交:实现一次表单提交,可避免恶意提交;

    1.首先建立一个Servlet类:ValidateColorServlet,里边有获取验证码的方法,并且验证码是大小写区分:

    public class ValidateColorServlet extends HttpServlet {
    
        public static final String CHECK_CODE_KEY = "CHECK_CODE_KEY";
        
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
        
        //设置验证图片的宽度, 高度, 验证码的个数
        private int width = 152;
        private int height = 40;
        private int codeCount = 6;
        
        //验证码字体的高度
        private int fontHeight = 4;
        
        //验证码中的单个字符基线. 即:验证码中的单个字符位于验证码图形左上角的 (codeX, codeY) 位置处
        private int codeX = 0;
        private int codeY = 0;
        
        //验证码由哪些字符组成
        char [] codeSequence = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz23456789".toCharArray();
        
        //初始化验证码图形属性
        public void init(){
            fontHeight = height - 2;
            codeX = width / (codeCount + 2);
            codeY = height - 4;
        }
    
        public void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
                throws ServletException, IOException {
            //定义一个类型为 BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_BGR 类型的图像缓存
            BufferedImage buffImg = null;
            buffImg = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_3BYTE_BGR);
        
            //在 buffImg 中创建一个 Graphics2D 图像
            Graphics2D graphics = null;
            graphics = buffImg.createGraphics();
            
            //设置一个颜色, 使 Graphics2D 对象的后续图形使用这个颜色
            graphics.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            
            //填充一个指定的矩形: x - 要填充矩形的 x 坐标; y - 要填充矩形的 y 坐标; width - 要填充矩形的宽度; height - 要填充矩形的高度
            graphics.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
            
            //创建一个 Font 对象: name - 字体名称; style - Font 的样式常量; size - Font 的点大小
            Font font = null;
            font = new Font("", Font.BOLD, fontHeight);
            //使 Graphics2D 对象的后续图形使用此字体
            graphics.setFont(font);
            
            graphics.setColor(Color.BLACK);
            
            //绘制指定矩形的边框, 绘制出的矩形将比构件宽一个也高一个像素
            graphics.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1);
            
            //随机产生 15 条干扰线, 使图像中的认证码不易被其它程序探测到
            Random random = null;
            random = new Random();
            graphics.setColor(Color.GREEN);
            for(int i = 0; i < 55; i++){
                int x = random.nextInt(width);
                int y = random.nextInt(height);
                int x1 = random.nextInt(20);
                int y1 = random.nextInt(20);
                graphics.drawLine(x, y, x + x1, y + y1);
            }
            
            //创建 randomCode 对象, 用于保存随机产生的验证码, 以便用户登录后进行验证
            StringBuffer randomCode;
            randomCode = new StringBuffer();
            
            for(int i = 0; i < codeCount; i++){
                //得到随机产生的验证码数字
                String strRand = null;
                strRand = String.valueOf(codeSequence[random.nextInt(36)]);
                
                //把正在产生的随机字符放入到 StringBuffer 中
                randomCode.append(strRand);
                
                //用随机产生的颜色将验证码绘制到图像中
                graphics.setColor(Color.BLUE);
                graphics.drawString(strRand, (i + 1)* codeX, codeY);
            }
            
            //再把存放有所有随机字符的 StringBuffer 对应的字符串放入到 HttpSession 中
            request.getSession().setAttribute(CHECK_CODE_KEY, randomCode.toString());
            
            //禁止图像缓存
            response.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
            response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
            response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
            
            //将图像输出到输出流中
            ServletOutputStream sos = null;
            sos = response.getOutputStream();
            ImageIO.write(buffImg, "jpeg", sos); 
            sos.close();
        }
    }

    2.index.jsp页面,输入用户名字,输入验证码:checkCode:<input type="text" name="CHECK_CODE_PARAM_NAME"/>;获取验证码:是以插入图片的形式获取的<img alt="" src="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/validateColorServlet">,然后form表单提交到Servlet类:CheckCodeServlet

    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
        pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>Insert title here</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <font color="red">
            <%=session.getAttribute("message")==null ? "" : session.getAttribute("message") %>
        </font>
        
        <form action="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/checkCodeServlet" method="post">
        
            name:<input type="text" name="name"/>
            <br><br>
            checkCode:<input type="text" name="CHECK_CODE_PARAM_NAME"/>
        
            <img alt="" src="<%=request.getContextPath() %>/validateColorServlet">
            <br><br>
            <input type="submit" value="Submit"/>
        </form>
    </body>
    </html>

    3.建立一个Servlet类:CheckCodeServlet,获取表单输入的验证码和通过session的getsession()方法获取系统给予的验证码,并进行判断,看是否相等,然后重定向到index.jsp页面,输出结果;

    public class CheckCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
        
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
        protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
            
            //1. 获取请求参数: CHECK_CODE_PARAM_NAME
            String paramCode = request.getParameter("CHECK_CODE_PARAM_NAME");
            
            //2. 获取 session 中的 CHECK_CODE_KEY 属性值
            String sessionCode = (String)request.getSession().getAttribute("CHECK_CODE_KEY");
            
            System.out.println(paramCode);
            System.out.println(sessionCode); 
            
            //3. 比对. 看是否一致, 若一致说明验证码正确, 若不一致, 说明验证码错误
            if(!(paramCode == null && !paramCode.equals(sessionCode))){
                request.getSession().setAttribute("message", "验证码不一致!");
                response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/check/index.jsp");
                return;
            }
            
            System.out.println("受理请求!");
            
        }
    
    }

    4.lib下的web.xml文件为:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
      
      <servlet>
        <description></description>
        <display-name>ValidateColorServlet</display-name>
        <servlet-name>ValidateColorServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>com.lanqiao.javatest.ValidateColorServlet</servlet-class>
      </servlet>
      <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>ValidateColorServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/validateColorServlet</url-pattern>
      </servlet-mapping>

    <servlet> <description></description> <display-name>CheckCodeServlet</display-name> <servlet-name>CheckCodeServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.lanqiao.javatest.CheckCodeServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>CheckCodeServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/checkCodeServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lxnlxn/p/5824872.html
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