1.def初始化
1.认证
2.权限
3.限流
4.序列化
5.分页
6.版本
7.过滤
8.排序
1.1安装djangorestframework
pip install djangorestframework==3.11.1
pip install django-filter==2.3.0
pip install markdown
1.2在syl/settings.py中注册
INSTALLED_APPS=[
'django_filters',
'rest_framework',
]
过滤器
-
1,安装 django-filter
-
2,注册应用
-
3,配置settings, 在view里配置可过滤的字段
-
4,使用 查询字符串携带过滤信息
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# 文档报错: AttributeError: ‘AutoSchema’ object has no attribute ‘get_link’
# 用下面的设置可以解决
'DEFAULT_SCHEMA_CLASS': 'rest_framework.schemas.AutoSchema',
# 默认设置是:
# 'DEFAULT_SCHEMA_CLASS': 'rest_framework.schemas.openapi.AutoSchema',
# 异常处理器
# 'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': 'user.utils.exception_handler',
# Base API policies
'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer',
'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer',
],
'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser',
'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser',
'rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser'
],
# 1.认证器(全局)
'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication', # 使用session时的认证器
'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication' # 提交表单时的认证器
],
#2.权限配置(全局): 顺序靠上的严格
'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
# 'rest_framework.permissions.IsAdminUser', # 管理员可以访问
# 'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated', # 认证用户可以访问
# 'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticatedOrReadOnly', # 认证用户可以访问, 否则只能读取
# 'rest_framework.permissions.AllowAny', # 所有用户都可以访问
],
#3.限流(防爬虫)
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.throttling.AnonRateThrottle',
'rest_framework.throttling.UserRateThrottle',
],
#3.1限流策略
'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES': {
'user': '100/hour', # 认证用户每小时100次
'anon': '3/day', # 未认证用户每天能访问3次
},
'DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.negotiation.DefaultContentNegotiation',
'DEFAULT_METADATA_CLASS': 'rest_framework.metadata.SimpleMetadata',
'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS': None,
#4.分页(全局):全局分页器, 例如 省市区的数据自定义分页器, 不需要分页
'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
# 每页返回数量
'PAGE_SIZE': 10, # 默认 None
#5.过滤器后端
'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': [
'django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend',
# 'django_filters.rest_framework.backends.DjangoFilterBackend', 包路径有变化
],
#5.1过滤排序(全局):Filtering 过滤排序
'SEARCH_PARAM': 'search',
'ORDERING_PARAM': 'ordering',
'NUM_PROXIES': None,
#6.版本控制:Versioning 接口版本控制
'DEFAULT_VERSION': None,
'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': None,
'VERSION_PARAM': 'version',
# Authentication 认证
# 未认证用户使用的用户类型
'UNAUTHENTICATED_USER': 'django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser',
# 未认证用户使用的Token值
'UNAUTHENTICATED_TOKEN': None,
# View configuration
'VIEW_NAME_FUNCTION': 'rest_framework.views.get_view_name',
'VIEW_DESCRIPTION_FUNCTION': 'rest_framework.views.get_view_description',
'NON_FIELD_ERRORS_KEY': 'non_field_errors',
# Testing
'TEST_REQUEST_RENDERER_CLASSES': [
'rest_framework.renderers.MultiPartRenderer',
'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer'
],
'TEST_REQUEST_DEFAULT_FORMAT': 'multipart',
# Hyperlink settings
'URL_FORMAT_OVERRIDE': 'format',
'FORMAT_SUFFIX_KWARG': 'format',
'URL_FIELD_NAME': 'url',
# Encoding
'UNICODE_JSON': True,
'COMPACT_JSON': True,
'STRICT_JSON': True,
'COERCE_DECIMAL_TO_STRING': True,
'UPLOADED_FILES_USE_URL': True,
# Browseable API
'HTML_SELECT_CUTOFF': 1000,
'HTML_SELECT_CUTOFF_TEXT': "More than {count} items...",
# Schemas
'SCHEMA_COERCE_PATH_PK': True,
'SCHEMA_COERCE_METHOD_NAMES': {
'retrieve': 'read',
'destroy': 'delete'
},
}
1.4创建user/serializers.py写序列化器
from rest_framework import serializers
from user.models import User
def address_validate(data) :
#独立校验器
#raise serializers.ValidationError('请填写实际地址')#有错就抛出异常
#没错就返回数据
return data
#没错就返回数据
return data
class UserSerializer( serializers.ModelSerializer):
#1.独立校验器:重新设定字段,替换掉模型中的设定,重新设定地址的长度为5
address = serializers.CharField(max_length=255,min_length=5,validators=[ address_validate])
#2.单一字段验证,验证地址
def validate_address( self, data):
if data ==‘测试′:
raise serializers.ValidationError('请填写实际地址')#有错就抛出异常
return data#没错就返回结果
def validate_phone( self, data):
#不符合手机号格式
#raise serializers.ValidationError("手机号格式不正确"〕
model = self.root.Meta .model
num = model .objects.filter(phone=data ).count( )
if num > 0:
raise serializers . ValidationError('手机号已存在')
return data
# 3.所有属性验证器
def validate(self, attrs):
# attrs: {"username":" zhangsan",“ phone" :“18538752511",....}
#所有属性验证器
# self . context中有request和view上下文
# self . context['view']. action可以取到动作
#attrs是需要序列化的数据
# raise serializers . ValidationError( ' xxx错误') #有问题报错
return attrs
#没问题返回数据
class Meta:
model = User
# fields = ('id', ) #临时添加字段也需要写在这里
fields =”__ all__'
#所有字段
# exclude = ['id'] #排除id字段
read only_ fields = ('',) # 指定字段为read. only,
#扩展address:
extra_ kwargs = {} # 局部替换某些字段的设定,或者新增设定
extra_ kwargs = {
" address": {
"min_ length": 5, #给地址增加最小长度限制
"default": ' 默认测试地址’,# 增加默认值
}
}
2.DRF认证 权限 限流 分页过滤 序列化
2.1 user/urls.py
from django.urls import include,path
from user import views
from rest_framework.routers import SimpleRouter,DefaultRouter
# 自动生成路由方法,必须使用视图集
# router = SimpleRouter(#没有根路由luser/无法识别
router = DefaultRouter() # 有根路由
router.register(r'user ', views.UserViewSet) # 配置路由
urlpatterns = [
path('indexl ', views.index),
path(' api-auth/', include(' rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework')) # 认证地址
]
urlpatterns += router.urls # 模块地址
2.2 user/views.py
from django .http import HttpResponse
from django_ filters . rest_ framework import DjangoFilterBackend
from rest_ framework import viewsets
from rest_ framework . authentication import BasicAuthentication, SessionAuthentication
from rest_ framework. decorators import action
from rest_ framework. filters import OrderingFilter
from rest_ framework . permissions import AllowAny, IsAdminUser, IsAuthenticated, IsAuthenticatedOrRead0nly
from rest_ framework . response import Response
from rest_ framework . throttling import UserRateThrottle
from rest_ framework . pagination import PageNumberPagination
from rest_ framework . views import APIView
from rest_ framework . permissions import BasePermission, SAFE_METHODS
from user .models import User
from user .serializers import UserSerializer, UserUnActiveSerializer
def index( request):
#需要认证才能访问的视图
return HttpResponse( ' hello' )
#分页(局部):自定义分页器局部
class PageNum( PageNumberPagination):
#查询字符串中代表每页返回数据数量的参数名,默认值: None
page_ size_ query_ param =‘page_ size
#查询字符串中代表页码的参数名,有默认值: page
#page_ query_ param =‘page
#一页中最多的结果条数
max_ page_ size = 2
#自定义权限(局部)
class MyPermi ssion( BasePermi ssion) :
def has_ pe rmi ssion(self, request, view) :
print( view . kwargs . get("pk"),request . user . id)
“““判断用户对模型有没有访问权“"”
#任何用户对使用此权限类的视图都有访问权限
print( request)
if request . user . is_ superuser :
#管理员对用户模型有访问权
return True
elif view . kwargs . get( 'pk') == str( request. user .id):
#携带的id和用户的id相同时有访问权
return True
return False
def has_ object_ pe rmission(self, request, view, obj):
"""获取单个数据时,判断用户对某个数据对象是否有访问权限"""
if request. user .id == obj .id:
return True
return False
#分页(分局),自定义分液器,局部
class UserViewSet( viewsets ModelViewSet):
"""完成产品的增删改查"""
queryset = User . objects . all()
serializer_ class = UserSerializer # 优先使用get_ serializer. class返回的序列化器
# #1.认证:自定义认证类,自定义会覆盖全局配置
# authentication_ classes = ( BasicAuthentication, SessionAuthentication)
# #2.权限:自定义权限类
# permission_ classes = (MyPermission, )
# 3.分页:自定义分页器覆盖全局配置
pagination_ class = PageNum
# 4.限流:自定义限流类
throttle_ classes = [UserRateThrottle]
# 5.过滤:指定过滤方法类,排序方法类,一个或多个
filter backends = (DjangoFilterBackend, OrderingFilter) # 同时支持过滤和排序
# 5.1指定排序字段,不设置,排序功能不起效
ordering- fields = ( 'date_ joined',' id' )
# ?ordering=-id
# 5.2指定过滤字段,不设置,过滤功能不起效
filter. fields = ('username' ,phone ',' is_ active ') # ?username=tom&phone=&is_ active=true
filter_fields = ( username',phone' ,'is. active' ) # ?username-tom8&phone=8is. .active-true
#根据不同的请求,获得不同的序列化器
def get. serializer class(self):
if self . action == ' unactived' :
return UserUnActiveSerializer
else:
return UserSerializer