Android主题更换换肤

认识setFactory
平常用的较多的是LayoutInflater#inflate，通过LayoutInflater#inflate可以将xml布局文件解析为所需要的View，通过分析LayoutInflate#inflate源码，可以看到.xml布局文件在解析的过程中会调用LayoutInflater#rInflate，随后会通过调用LayoutInflater#createViewFromTag来创建View。

下面一起看看View的创建过程LayoutInflate#createViewFormTag:

View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs,
boolean ignoreThemeAttr) {
if (name.equals("view")) {
name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");
}

// Apply a theme wrapper, if allowed and one is specified.
if (!ignoreThemeAttr) {
final TypedArray ta = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, ATTRS_THEME);
final int themeResId = ta.getResourceId(0, 0);
if (themeResId != 0) {
context = new ContextThemeWrapper(context, themeResId);
}
ta.recycle();
}

if (name.equals(TAG_1995)) {
// Let's party like it's 1995!
return new BlinkLayout(context, attrs);
}

try {
View view;
if (mFactory2 != null) {
//根据attrs信息，通过mFactory2创建View
view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
} else if (mFactory != null) {
//根据attrs信息，通过mFactory创建View
view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, context, attrs);
} else {
view = null;
}

if (view == null && mPrivateFactory != null) {
view = mPrivateFactory.onCreateView(parent, name, context, attrs);
}

if (view == null) {
final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
mConstructorArgs[0] = context;
try {
if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
//创建Android原生的View（android.view包下面的view）
view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs);
} else {
//创建自定义View或者依赖包中的View（xml中声明的是全路径）
view = createView(name, null, attrs);
}
} finally {
mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
}
}

return view;
} catch (InflateException e) {
throw e;

} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
+ ": Error inflating class " + name, e);
ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
throw ie;

} catch (Exception e) {
final InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
+ ": Error inflating class " + name, e);
ie.setStackTrace(EMPTY_STACK_TRACE);
throw ie;
}
}
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从上述源码中可以看出View的创建过程中，会首先找Factory2#onCreateView和Factory#onCreateView进行创建，然后走默认的创建流程。所以，我们可以在此处创建自定义的Factory2或Factory，并将自定义的Factory2或Factory对象添加到LayoutInflater对象当中，来对View的创建进行干预，LayoutInflate也提供了相关的API供我们添加自己的ViewFactory。

例如：下面我们通过设置LayoutInflater的Factory来，将视图中的Button转换为TextView

@Override
protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
LayoutInflater.from(this).setFactory(new LayoutInflater.Factory() {
@Override
public View onCreateView(String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
for (int i = 0; i < attrs.getAttributeCount(); i ++){
String attrName = attrs.getAttributeName(i);
String attrValue = attrs.getAttributeValue(i);
Log.i(TAG, String.format("name = %s, attrName = %s, attrValue= %s", name, attrName, attrValue));
}
TextView textView = null;
if (name.equals("Button")){
textView = new TextView(context, attrs);
}

return textView;
}
});
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_theme_change);
}
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让后启动Activity后，视图中的Button都转化成了TextView，并且能看到输出：

name = Button, attrName = id, attrValue= @2131230758
name = Button, attrName = background, attrValue= @2131034152
name = Button, attrName = layout_width, attrValue= -2
name = Button, attrName = layout_height, attrValue= -2
name = Button, attrName = id, attrValue= @2131230757
name = Button, attrName = background, attrValue= @2131034150
name = Button, attrName = layout_width, attrValue= -2
name = Button, attrName = layout_height, attrValue= -2
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获取任意一个apk压缩文件的Resource对象
上述过程已经提供了更改View类型以及属性的方式，下面我们见介绍如何获取一个apk压缩文件中的res资源。

我们通常通过Context#getSource()获取res目录下的资源，Context#getAssets()(想当于Context#getSource().getAssets())获取asset目录下的资源。所以要获取一个apk压缩文件的资源文件，创建对应该压缩文件的Resource实例，然后通过这个实例获取压缩文件中的资源信息。
比如，新创建的的Resource实例为mResource，则可以使用mResource.getColor(colorId)，来获取实例内colorId所对应的颜色。

那么接下来的问题分为两步：

1、如何创建自定义的Resource实例
由Resource的构造函数Resources(AssetManager assets, DisplayMetrics metrics, Configuration config)了解到，需要获取app外部apk文件资源的Resource对象，首先需要创建对应的AssetManager对象。

public final class AssetManager implements AutoCloseable {
/**
* Create a new AssetManager containing only the basic system assets.
* Applications will not generally use this method, instead retrieving the
* appropriate asset manager with {@link Resources#getAssets}. Not for
* use by applications.
* {@hide}
*/
public AssetManager() {
synchronized (this) {
if (DEBUG_REFS) {
mNumRefs = 0;
incRefsLocked(this.hashCode());
}
init(false);
if (localLOGV) Log.v(TAG, "New asset manager: " + this);
ensureSystemAssets();
}
}
/**
* Add an additional set of assets to the asset manager. This can be
* either a directory or ZIP file. Not for use by applications. Returns
* the cookie of the added asset, or 0 on failure.
* {@hide}
*/
//添加额外的asset路径
public final int addAssetPath(String path) {
synchronized (this) {
int res = addAssetPathNative(path);
if (mStringBlocks != null) {
makeStringBlocks(mStringBlocks);
}
return res;
}
}
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所以通过反射可以创建对应的AssertManager，进而创建出对应的Resource实例，代码如下：

private final static Resources loadTheme(String skinPackageName, Context context){
String skinPackagePath = Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + skinPackageName;
File file = new File(skinPackagePath);
Resources skinResource = null;
if (!file.exists(http://www.my516.com)) {
return skinResource;
}
try {
//创建AssetManager实例
AssetManager assetManager = AssetManager.class.newInstance();
Method addAssetPath = assetManager.getClass().getMethod("addAssetPath", String.class);
addAssetPath.invoke(assetManager, skinPackagePath);
//构建皮肤资源Resource实例
Resources superRes = context.getResources();
skinResource = new Resources(assetManager, superRes.getDisplayMetrics(), superRes.getConfiguration());

} catch (Exception e) {
skinResource = null;
}
return skinResource;
}
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2、如何知道当前属性值在所在Resource中的id
在Resource的源码中，可以发现

public class Resources {
/**
* 通过给的资源名称，类型和包名返回一个资源的标识id。
* @param name 资源的描述名称
* @param defType 资源的类型名称
* @param defPackage 包名
*
* @return 返回资源id，0标识未找到该资源
*/
public int getIdentifier(String name, String defType, String defPackage) {
if (name == null) {
throw new NullPointerException("name is null");
}
try {
return Integer.parseInt(name);
} catch (Exception e) {
// Ignore
}
return mAssets.getResourceIdentifier(name, defType, defPackage);
}
}

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也就是说在任意的apk文件中，只需要知道包名(manifest.xml中指定的包名，用于寻找资源和Java类)、资源类型名称、资源描述名称。
比如：在包A中有一个defType为"color"，name为color_red_1的属性，通过Resource#getIdentifier则可以获取包B中该名称的颜色资源。

//将skina重View的背景色设置为com.example.skinb中所对应的颜色
if (attrValue.startsWith("@") && attrName.contains("background")){
int resId = Integer.parseInt(attrValue.substring(1));
int originColor = mContext.getResources().getColor(resId);
if (mResource == null){
return originColor;
}
String resName = mContext.getResources().getResourceEntryName(resId);
int skinRealResId = mResource.getIdentifier(resName, "color", "com.example.skinb");
int skinColor = 0;
try{
skinColor = mResource.getColor(skinRealResId);
}catch (Exception e){
Log.e(TAG, "", e);
skinColor = originColor;
}
view.setBackgroundColor(skinColor);
}
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上述方法也是换肤框架Android-Skin-Loader的基本思路。