Django入门（2）

18.3 创建网页：学习笔记主页

　　使用Django创建网页的三个阶段：定义URL、编写视图和编写模版。

3.1 映射URL

打开learning_log中urls.py

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'',include('learning_logs.urls',namespace='learning_logs')),
]

在learning_logs中定义urls.py

'''定义learning_logs的URL模式'''

from Django.conf.urls import url

from . import views

urlpatterns = [
#主页
url(r'^$',views.index,name='index'),
]

3.2 编写视图

打开learning_logs中views.py

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.

def index(request):
    '学习笔记主页'
    return render(request,'learning_logs/index.html')

3.3 编写模版

在learning_logs中建立文件templates/learning_logs/index.html，写入代码：

<p>Learning Log</p>

<p>Learning Log helps you keep track of your learning,for any topic you're
learning about.</p>

18.4 创建其他网页

4.1 模版继承

　　1 父模版

　　在learning_logs中建立文件templates/learning_logs/base.html，写入代码：

<p>
  <a href='{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}'>Learning Log</a>
</p>

{% block content %}{% endblock content %}

　　2 子模版

　　重写index.html继承base.html

{% extends 'learning_logs/base.html' %}

{% block content %}
  <p>Learning Log helps you keep track of your learning,for any topic you're
  learning about.</p>
{% endblock content %}

4.2 显示所有主题的页面

　　1 URL模式

　　修改learning_logs/urls.py：

url(r'^$',views.index,name='index'),
#显示所有的主题
url(r'^topics/$',views.topics,name='topics'),
]

　　2 视图

　　views.py

from django.shortcuts import render

from .models import Topic

# Create your views here.

def index(request):
    '学习笔记主页'
    return render(request,'learning_logs/index.html')

def topics(request):
    '''显示所有的主题'''
    topics = Topic.objects.order_by('date_added')
    context = {'topics':topics}
    return render(request,'learning_logs/topics.html',context)

　　3 模版

　　创建topics.html

{% extends 'learning_logs/base.html' %}

{% block content %}

  <p>Topics</p>

  <ul>
    {% for topic in topics %}
      <li>{{ topic }}</li>
    {% empty %}
      <li>No topics have been added yet.</li>
    {% endfor %}
  </ul>

{% endblock content %}

　　修改base.html

<p>
  <a href='{% url 'learning_logs:index' %}'>Learning Log</a> -
  <a href='{% url 'learning_logs:topics' %}'>Topics</a>
</p>

{% block content %}{% endblock content %}

4.3 显示特定主题的页面

　　1.URL模式

　　修改learning_logs/urls.py：

#特定主题的详细页面
url(r'^topics/(?P<topic_id>d+)/$',views.topics,name='topics'),

　　2.视图

　　views.py

def topic(request,topic_id):
    '''显示单个主题及其所有的条目'''
    topic = Topic.objects.get(id=topic_id)
    entries = topic.entry_set.order_by('-date_added')
    context = {'topic':topic,'entries':entries}
    return render(request,'learning_logs/topic.html',context)

　　3.模版

　　topic.html

{% extends 'learning_logs/base.html' %}

{% block content %}

  <p>Topic:{{ topic }}</p>

  <p>Entries</p>
  <ul>
  {% for entry in entries %}
    <li>
      <p>{{ entry.date_added|date:'M d,Y H:i' }}</p>
      <p>{{ entry.text|linebreaks}}</p>
    </li>
  {% empty %}
    <li>
      There are no entries for this topic yet.
    </li>
  {% endfor %}
  </ul>

{% endblock content %}

　　4.将显示所有主题的页面中的每个主题都设置为链接

　　topics.html

{% for topic in topics %}
      <li>
    <a href='{% url 'learning_logs:topic' topic.id %}'>{{ topic }}</a>
      </li>
    {% empty %}