借助"甘特图"，可以直观地了解任务、活动、工作的进度。dhtmlxGantt是一个开源的Javacirpt库，能帮助我们快速创建"甘特图"，本篇体验在MVC中的实现。主要包括：
- 认识"甘特图"
- 下载dhtmlxGantt包
- 把dhtmlxGantt相关CSS、JS、样式引入到_Layout.cshtml中
- 初始化dhtmlxGantt
- 通过EF Code First创建初始数据
- 显示数据
- 保存数据
认识"甘特图"
下载dhtmlxGantt包
通过NuGet，输入关键字"Gantt Chart"，下载dhtmlxGantt包。
把dhtmlxGantt相关CSS、JS、样式引入到_Layout.cshtml中
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<title>@ViewBag.Title</title>
@Styles.Render("~/Content/css")
<script src="~/Scripts/dhtmlxgantt/dhtmlxgantt.js"></script>
<link href="~/Content/dhtmlxgantt/dhtmlxgantt.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<script src="~/Scripts/dhtmlxgantt/locale/locale_cn.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
html, body {
height: 100%;
padding: 0px;
margin: 0px;
overflow: hidden;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
@RenderBody()
<script src="~/Scripts/main.js"></script>
</body>
以上，locale_cn.js用来汉化，main.js用来初始化配置。
初始化dhtmlxGantt
在Home/Index.cshtml中，创建一个id为ganttContainer的div，dhtmlxGantt将被加载到此div中。
@{
ViewBag.Title = "Index";
Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
<div id="ganttContainer" style=" 100%; height: 100%;"></div>
main.js中的配置如下：
(function () {
// add month scale
gantt.config.scale_unit = "week"; //第一个时间尺度，即X轴的单位，包括："minute", "hour", "day", "week", "month", "year"
gantt.config.step = 1;//步进，默认为1
gantt.templates.date_scale = function (date) {//日期格式化
var dateToStr = gantt.date.date_to_str("%d %M");
var endDate = gantt.date.add(gantt.date.add(date, 1, "week"), -1, "day");
return dateToStr(date) + " - " + dateToStr(endDate);
};
gantt.config.subscales = [ //第二个时间尺度单位
{ unit: "day", step: 1, date: "%D" }
];
gantt.config.scale_height = 50; //设置时间尺度和Grid树的高度
// configure milestone description
gantt.templates.rightside_text = function (start, end, task) {//进度条右侧的提示文字
if (task.type == gantt.config.types.milestone) {
return task.text;
}
return "";
};
// add section to type selection: task, project or milestone
gantt.config.lightbox.sections = [//弹出对话框设置
{ name: "description", height: 70, map_to: "text", type: "textarea", focus: true },
{ name: "type", type: "typeselect", map_to: "type" },
{ name: "time", height: 72, type: "duration", map_to: "auto" }
];
gantt.config.xml_date = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s"; // XML中的日期格式
gantt.init("ganttContainer"); // 初始化dhtmlxGantt,ganttContainer为视图中div的id
gantt.load("/Home/Data", "json");//加载数据
// enable dataProcessor
var dp = new dataProcessor("/Home/Save");//dhtmlxGantt保存变化，包括添加、更新、删除
dp.init(gantt);
})();
通过EF Code First创建初始数据
参照dhtmlxGantt官方文档，我们建立这样的模型：
Link类体现Task间的相关性。
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
namespace MyGanttChart.Models
{
public class Link
{
public int Id { get; set; }
[MaxLength(1)]
public string Type { get; set; }
public int SourceTaskId { get; set; }
public int TargetTaskId { get; set; }
}
}
Task类是任务的抽象。
using System;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
namespace MyGanttChart.Models
{
public class Task
{
public int Id { get; set; }
[MaxLength(255)]
public string Text { get; set; }
public DateTime StartDate { get; set; }
public int Duration { get; set; }
public decimal Progress { get; set; }
public int SortOrder { get; set; }
public string Type { get; set; }
public int? ParentId { get; set; }
}
}
创建一个派生于DbContext的上下文类：
using System.Data.Entity;
using MyGanttChart.Models;
namespace MyGanttChart.DAL
{
public class GanttContext : DbContext
{
public GanttContext() : base("GanttContext") { }
public DbSet<Task> Tasks { get; set; }
public DbSet<Link> Links { get; set; }
}
}
创建一些种子数据：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Data.Entity;
using MyGanttChart.Models;
namespace MyGanttChart.DAL
{
public class GanttInitializer : DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<GanttContext>
{
protected override void Seed(GanttContext context)
{
List<Task> tasks = new List<Task>()
{
new Task() { Id = 1, Text = "Project #2", StartDate = DateTime.Today.AddDays(-3), Duration = 18, SortOrder = 10, Progress = 0.4m, ParentId = null },
new Task() { Id = 2, Text = "Task #1", StartDate = DateTime.Today.AddDays(-2), Duration = 8, SortOrder = 10, Progress = 0.6m, ParentId = 1 },
new Task() { Id = 3, Text = "Task #2", StartDate = DateTime.Today.AddDays(-1), Duration = 8, SortOrder = 20, Progress = 0.6m, ParentId = 1 }
};
tasks.ForEach(s => context.Tasks.Add(s));
context.SaveChanges();
List<Link> links = new List<Link>()
{
new Link() { Id = 1, SourceTaskId = 1, TargetTaskId = 2, Type = "1" },
new Link() { Id = 2, SourceTaskId = 2, TargetTaskId = 3, Type = "0" }
};
links.ForEach(s => context.Links.Add(s));
context.SaveChanges();
}
}
}
在Web.config中配置种子数据：
<entityFramework>
<contexts>
<context type="MyGanttChart.DAL.GanttContext, MyGanttChart">
<databaseInitializer type="MyGanttChart.DAL.GanttInitializer, MyGanttChart" />
</context>
</contexts>
<defaultConnectionFactory type="System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure.SqlConnectionFactory, EntityFramework" />
<providers>
<provider invariantName="System.Data.SqlClient" type="System.Data.Entity.SqlServer.SqlProviderServices, EntityFramework.SqlServer" />
</providers>
</entityFramework>
以上，type="MyGanttChart.DAL.GanttInitializer, MyGanttChart"中，MyGanttChart.DAL为种子类GanttInitializer所在的命名空间，MyGanttChart为程序集的名称。
在Web.config中配置连接字符串：
<connectionStrings>
<add name="GanttContex"
connectionString="Data Source=.;User=some user name;Password=some password;Initial Catalog=Gantt;Integrated Security=True"
providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
</connectionStrings>
显示数据
HomeController的Data()方法加载数据，以json格式返回。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using MyGanttChart.DAL;
using MyGanttChart.Models;
namespace MyGanttChart.Controllers
{
public class HomeController : Controller
{
private readonly GanttContext db = new GanttContext();
public ActionResult Index()
{
return View();
}
[HttpGet]
public JsonResult Data()
{
var jsonData = new
{
data = (
from t in db.Tasks.AsEnumerable()
select new
{
id = t.Id,
text = t.Text,
start_date = t.StartDate.ToString("u"),
duration = t.Duration,
order = t.SortOrder,
progress = t.Progress,
open = true,
parent = t.ParentId,
type = (t.Type != null) ? t.Type : String.Empty
}
).ToArray(),
links = (
from l in db.Links.AsEnumerable()
select new
{
id = l.Id,
source = l.SourceTaskId,
target = l.TargetTaskId,
type = l.Type
}
).ToArray()
};
return new JsonResult { Data = jsonData, JsonRequestBehavior = JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet };
}
......
}
在main.js中，已经对加载数据做了设置：
gantt.load("/Home/Data", "json");//加载数据
运行
保存数据
当在"甘特图"上进行任何的操作再保存到数据库的时候，请求表头信息大致如下：
dhtmlxGantt为我们提供了一个GanttRequest类，提供了Parse(FormCollection form, string ganttMode)方法把从客户端拿到的表头信息赋值到GanttRequest类的各个属性中。
public class GanttRequest
{
public GanttMode Mode { get; set; }
public GanttAction Action { get; set; }
public Task UpdatedTask { get; set; }
public Link UpdatedLink { get; set; }
public long SourceId { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// Create new GanttData object and populate it
/// </summary>
/// <param name="form">Form collection</param>
/// <returns>New GanttData</returns>
public static List<GanttRequest> Parse(FormCollection form, string ganttMode)
{
// save current culture and change it to InvariantCulture for data parsing
var currentCulture = Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = CultureInfo.InvariantCulture;
var dataActions = new List<GanttRequest>();
var prefixes = form["ids"].Split(',');
foreach (var prefix in prefixes)
{
var request = new GanttRequest();
// lambda expression for form data parsing
Func<string, string> parse = x => form[String.Format("{0}_{1}", prefix, x)];
request.Mode = (GanttMode)Enum.Parse(typeof(GanttMode), ganttMode, true);
request.Action = (GanttAction)Enum.Parse(typeof(GanttAction), parse("!nativeeditor_status"), true);
request.SourceId = Int64.Parse(parse("id"));
// parse gantt task
if (request.Action != GanttAction.Deleted && request.Mode == GanttMode.Tasks)
{
request.UpdatedTask = new Task()
{
Id = (request.Action == GanttAction.Updated) ? (int)request.SourceId : 0,
Text = parse("text"),
StartDate = DateTime.Parse(parse("start_date")),
Duration = Int32.Parse(parse("duration")),
Progress = Decimal.Parse(parse("progress")),
ParentId = (parse("parent") != "0") ? Int32.Parse(parse("parent")) : (int?)null,
SortOrder = (parse("order") != null) ? Int32.Parse(parse("order")) : 0,
Type = parse("type")
};
}
// parse gantt link
else if (request.Action != GanttAction.Deleted && request.Mode == GanttMode.Links)
{
request.UpdatedLink = new Link()
{
Id = (request.Action == GanttAction.Updated) ? (int)request.SourceId : 0,
SourceTaskId = Int32.Parse(parse("source")),
TargetTaskId = Int32.Parse(parse("target")),
Type = parse("type")
};
}
dataActions.Add(request);
}
// return current culture back
Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = currentCulture;
return dataActions;
}
}
保存数据，有可能是对Task的操作，也有可能是对Link的操作，把这2种模式封装到一个枚举中：
public enum GanttMode
{
Tasks,
Links
}
而所有的动作无非是添加、更新、删除等，也封装到枚举中：
public enum GanttAction
{
Inserted,
Updated,
Deleted,
Error
}
接下来，HomeController的Save()方法，根据请求表头的信息，借助GanttRequest类的静态方法Parse(FormCollection form, string ganttMode)把表头信息封装到GanttRequest类的属性中，然后根据这些属性采取相应的操作：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using MyGanttChart.DAL;
using MyGanttChart.Models;
namespace MyGanttChart.Controllers
{
public class HomeController : Controller
{
private readonly GanttContext db = new GanttContext();
......
/// <summary>
/// Update Gantt tasks/links: insert/update/delete
/// </summary>
/// <param name="form">Gantt data</param>
/// <returns>XML response</returns>
[HttpPost]
public ContentResult Save(FormCollection form)
{
var dataActions = GanttRequest.Parse(form, Request.QueryString["gantt_mode"]);
try
{
foreach (var ganttData in dataActions)
{
switch (ganttData.Mode)
{
case GanttMode.Tasks:
UpdateTasks(ganttData);
break;
case GanttMode.Links:
UpdateLinks(ganttData);
break;
}
}
db.SaveChanges();
}
catch
{
// return error to client if something went wrong
dataActions.ForEach(g => { g.Action = GanttAction.Error; });
}
return GanttRespose(dataActions);
}
/// <summary>
/// Update gantt tasks
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ganttData">GanttData object</param>
private void UpdateTasks(GanttRequest ganttData)
{
switch (ganttData.Action)
{
case GanttAction.Inserted:
// add new gantt task entity
db.Tasks.Add(ganttData.UpdatedTask);
break;
case GanttAction.Deleted:
// remove gantt tasks
db.Tasks.Remove(db.Tasks.Find(ganttData.SourceId));
break;
case GanttAction.Updated:
// update gantt task
db.Entry(db.Tasks.Find(ganttData.UpdatedTask.Id)).CurrentValues.SetValues(ganttData.UpdatedTask);
break;
default:
ganttData.Action = GanttAction.Error;
break;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Update gantt links
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ganttData">GanttData object</param>
private void UpdateLinks(GanttRequest ganttData)
{
switch (ganttData.Action)
{
case GanttAction.Inserted:
// add new gantt link
db.Links.Add(ganttData.UpdatedLink);
break;
case GanttAction.Deleted:
// remove gantt link
db.Links.Remove(db.Links.Find(ganttData.SourceId));
break;
case GanttAction.Updated:
// update gantt link
db.Entry(db.Links.Find(ganttData.UpdatedLink.Id)).CurrentValues.SetValues(ganttData.UpdatedLink);
break;
default:
ganttData.Action = GanttAction.Error;
break;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Create XML response for gantt
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ganttData">Gantt data</param>
/// <returns>XML response</returns>
private ContentResult GanttRespose(List<GanttRequest> ganttDataCollection)
{
var actions = new List<XElement>();
foreach (var ganttData in ganttDataCollection)
{
var action = new XElement("action");
action.SetAttributeValue("type", ganttData.Action.ToString().ToLower());
action.SetAttributeValue("sid", ganttData.SourceId);
action.SetAttributeValue("tid", (ganttData.Mode == GanttMode.Tasks) ? ganttData.UpdatedTask.Id : ganttData.UpdatedLink.Id);
actions.Add(action);
}
var data = new XDocument(new XElement("data", actions));
data.Declaration = new XDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", "true");
return Content(data.ToString(), "text/xml");
}
}
}
运行，点击+添加一个新的task：