环境：
[root@kickstart ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) [root@kickstart ~]# uname -r 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 [root@kickstart ~]# getenforce Disabled [root@kickstart ~]# systemctl status firewalld.service ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) Docs: man:firewalld(1) [root@kickstart ~]# hostname -I 10.0.0.201 172.16.1.201
前言
cobbler安装比较简单，主要是网页操作，点点点，相对于PXE+kickstart网络安装更简单。
如果大家不了解PXE+kickstart网络安装系统过程原理的话，建议大家去看看我写的 <PXE+kickstart网络安装CentOS7.4系统及过程中各种报错> <-- 快戳我
cobbler安装
1、下载cobbler及相关软件
[root@Cobbler ~]# yum -y install cobbler cobbler-web dhcp tftp-server pykickstart httpd
2、检查更改配置
注意：CentOS7上需要启动httpd服务和cobbler服务才能检查
[root@Cobbler ~]# systemctl start cobblerd.service httpd.service [root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it. 2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network. 3 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 4 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements. 5 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl 6 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories 7 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one 8 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
根据这些检查条目，进行更改相关的检查项
sed -i 's/server: 127.0.0.1/server: 172.16.1.202/' /etc/cobbler/settings sed -i 's/next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server: 172.16.1.202/' /etc/cobbler/settings sed -i 's/manage_dhcp: 0/manage_dhcp: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings sed -i 's/pxe_just_once: 0/pxe_just_once: 1/' /etc/cobbler/settings sed -ri "/default_password_crypted/s#(.*: ).*#1"`openssl passwd -1 -salt 'oldboy' '123456'`"#" /etc/cobbler/settings sed -i 's#yes#no#' /etc/xinetd.d/tftp systemctl start rsyncd systemctl enable rsyncd systemctl enable tftp.socket systemctl start tftp.socket systemctl restart cobblerd.service
修改dhcp模板配置文件
sed -i.ori 's#192.168.1#172.16.1#g;22d;23d' /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
同步所有配置
注意：不同步会报错
[root@Cobbler ~]# cobbler sync task started: 2017-11-15_101915_sync task started (id=Sync, time=Wed Nov 15 10:19:15 2017) running pre-sync triggers cleaning trees removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images copying bootloaders trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0 trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32 trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi copying distros to tftpboot copying images generating PXE configuration files generating PXE menu structure rendering DHCP files generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf rendering TFTPD files generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp cleaning link caches running post-sync triggers running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services running: dhcpd -t -q received on stdout: received on stderr: running: service dhcpd restart received on stdout: received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/* running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/* *** TASK COMPLETE ***
cobbler使用操作
博主使用虚拟机操作
https://10.0.0.202/cobbler_web 浏览器访问网址 账号密码默认均为cobbler
导入镜像（import DVD）
说明：首先虚拟机保证下列以操作
根据镜像位置，进行挂载
因为镜像位置写的mnt，所以要将镜像挂载到mnt下 [root@Cobbler pxelinux.cfg]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ [root@Cobbler pxelinux.cfg]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 98G 5.8G 93G 6% / devtmpfs 902M 0 902M 0% /dev tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 912M 8.7M 903M 1% /run tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 135M 880M 14% /boot tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/sr0 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /mnt 查看进程，看是否在导入 [root@Cobbler ~]# ps -ef|grep rsync root 15923 1 0 09:49 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/rsync --daemon --no-detach root 17237 15973 15 10:53 ? 00:00:03 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.4-x86_64 --progress root 17238 17237 0 10:53 ? 00:00:00 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.4-x86_64 --progress root 17239 17238 11 10:53 ? 00:00:02 rsync -a /mnt/ /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS7.4-x86_64 --progress
ks文件组成
命令段
install开头，到%pre
包组段
以%packages开头，以%end结束
脚本段
以%post开头，以%end结束，在安装完系统之后执行的相关Linux命令、脚本
以%pre开头，以%end结束，在安装完系统之前执行的相关Linux命令、脚本
kickstart文件语法检查
下载语法检查软件
yum install pykickstart -y
检查命令
[root@CentOS7 tftpboot]# ksvalidator /var/www/html/ks_config/CentOS-7-ks.cfg 说明：请记住这个验证工具有其局限性。Kickstart 文件可能会很复杂；ksvalidator 可保证其语法正确，且该文件不包含淘汰的选项，但它无法保证安装会成功。它也不会尝试验证 Kickstart 文件的 %pre、%post 和 %packages 部分。
root加密密码生成
密码：123456
[root@CentOS7 ~]# python -c 'import crypt; print(crypt.crypt("123456"))' $6$02PfimLMqN53z6Io$ov2Xbjm7ZC36X2tFvqnI0HymvqMY0vI/UOCxze0L/zMX722PkDJOz/JTWwVHaksawGf/bfR0k3GCpubodKTdV0
CentOS7的ks文件添加
CentOS7 ks文件内容
# Cobbler for Kickstart Configurator for CentOS 7 by yao zhang install url --url=$tree text lang en_US.UTF-8 keyboard us zerombr bootloader --location=mbr --driveorder=sda --append="crashkernel=auto rhgb quiet" #Network information $SNIPPET('network_config') #network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=yes --noipv6 --hostname=CentOS7 timezone --utc Asia/Shanghai authconfig --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted clearpart --all --initlabel part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024 part swap --size 1024 part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow firstboot --disable selinux --disabled firewall --disabled logging --level=info reboot %pre $SNIPPET('log_ks_pre') $SNIPPET('kickstart_start') $SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config') # Enable installation monitoring $SNIPPET('pre_anamon') %end %packages @^minimal @compat-libraries @core @debugging @development bash-completion chrony dos2unix kexec-tools lrzsz nmap sysstat telnet tree vim wget %end %post systemctl disable postfix.service %end
关于ks文件内容的详解在我写的 <PXE+kickstart网络安装CentOS7.4系统及过程中各种报错> 里有解释
修改镜像变量属性
自定义安装系统
