C#数据导出Excel详细介绍

概要：

excel导出在C#代码中应用己经很广泛了，我这里就做些总结，供自己和读者学习用。

Excel知识点。
一、添加引用和命名空间

添加Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel引用，它的默认路径是C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual
Studio 9.0\Visual Studio Tools for
Office\PIA\Office12\Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll
代码中添加引用using
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;
二、Excel类的简单介绍
此命名空间下关于Excel类的结构分别为：

ApplicationClass - 就是我们的excel应用程序。
Workbook -
就是我们平常见的一个个excel文件，经常是使用Workbooks类对其进行操作。
Worksheet - 就是excel文件中的一个个sheet页。

Worksheet.Cells[row, column] -
就是某行某列的单元格，注意这里的下标row和column都是从1开始的，跟我平常用的数组或集合的下标有所不同。

知道了上述基本知识后，利用此类来操作excel就清晰了很多。
三、Excel的操作

任何操作Excel的动作首先肯定是用excel应用程序，首先要new一个ApplicationClass 实例，并在最后将此实例释放。

ApplicationClass xlsApp = new ApplicationClass(); // 1. 创建Excel应用程序对象的一个实例，相当于我们从开始菜单打开Excel应用程序。

if (xlsApp == null)

{

//对此实例进行验证，如果为null则表示运行此代码的机器可能未安装Excel

}

1. 打开现有的Excel文件

Workbook workbook = xlsApp.Workbooks.Open(excelFilePath, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);

Worksheet mySheet = workbook.Sheets[1] as Worksheet; //第一个sheet页

mySheet.Name = "testsheet"; //这里修改sheet名称

2.复制sheet页

mySheet.Copy(Type.Missing, workbook.Sheets[1]); //复制mySheet成一个新的sheet页，复制完后的名称是mySheet页名称后加一个(2)，这里就是testsheet(2)，复制完后，Worksheet的数量增加一个

注意
这里Copy方法的两个参数，指是的复制出来新的sheet页是在指定sheet页的前面还是后面，上面的例子就是指复制的sheet页在第一个sheet页的后面。

3.删除sheet页

xlsApp.DisplayAlerts = false; //如果想删除某个sheet页，首先要将此项设为fasle。

(xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[1] as Worksheet).Delete();

4.选中sheet页

(xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[1] as Worksheet).Select(Type.Missing); //选中某个sheet页

5.另存excel文件

workbook.Saved = true;

workbook.SaveCopyAs(filepath);

6.释放excel资源

workbook.Close(true, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);

workbook = null;

xlsApp.Quit();

xlsApp = null;

一般的我们传入一个DataTable生成Excel代码

/// <summary>

/// 

/// </summary>

/// <param name="dt"></param>

protected void ExportExcel(DataTable dt)

{

    if (dt == null||dt.Rows.Count==0) return;

    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();



    if (xlApp == null)

    {

        return;

    }

    System.Globalization.CultureInfo CurrentCI = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;

    System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US");

    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks;

    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);

    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1];

    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range;

    long totalCount = dt.Rows.Count;

    long rowRead = 0;

    float percent = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)

    {

        worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1] = dt.Columns[i].ColumnName;

        range = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1];

        range.Interior.ColorIndex = 15;

        range.Font.Bold = true;

    }

    for (int r = 0; r < dt.Rows.Count; r++)

    {

        for (int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)

        {

            worksheet.Cells[r + 2, i + 1] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString();

        }

        rowRead++;

        percent = ((float)(100 * rowRead)) / totalCount;

    }

    xlApp.Visible = true;

}

如果要在excel中插入图片，我们需要把代码加入一行即可，如下所示

protected void ExportExcel(DataTable dt)

{

    if (dt == null || dt.Rows.Count == 0) return;

    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();



    if (xlApp == null)

    {

        return;

    }

    System.Globalization.CultureInfo CurrentCI = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture;

    System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-US");

    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks;

    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet);

    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[1];

    Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range;

    long totalCount = dt.Rows.Count;

    long rowRead = 0;

    float percent = 0;

    for (int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)

    {

        worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1] = dt.Columns[i].ColumnName;

        range = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[1, i + 1];

        range.Interior.ColorIndex = 15;

    }

    for (int r = 0; r < dt.Rows.Count; r++)

    {

        for (int i = 0; i < dt.Columns.Count; i++)

        {

            try

            {

                worksheet.Cells[r + 2, i + 1] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString();

            }

            catch

            {

                worksheet.Cells[r + 2, i + 1] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString().Replace("=", "");

            }

        }

        rowRead++;

        percent = ((float)(100 * rowRead)) / totalCount;

    }

    

    worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture("C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif", Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue, 100, 200, 200, 300);

    worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1, "123456", "Red", 15, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, 150, 200);

    xlApp.Visible = true;

}

我们调用如下:

public void GenerateExcel()

{

    DataTable dt = new DataTable();

    dt.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(string));

    dt.Columns.Add("Age", typeof(string));

    DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();

    dr["Name"] = "spring";

    dr["Age"] = "20";

    dt.Rows.Add(dr);

    dt.AcceptChanges();

    ExportExcel(dt);

}

运行结果如下所示:

其中如下代码的作用是

worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture("C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif", Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue, 100, 200, 200, 300);

在Excel的指定位置加入图片

worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1, "123456", "Red", 15, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, 150, 200);

在Excel的指定位置加入文本框，和里面的内容.

我们可以这样来设计一个ExcelBase的基类:

先创建一个ExcelBE.cs：

public class ExcelBE

 {

     private int _row = 0;

     private int _col = 0;

     private string _text = string.Empty;

     private string _startCell = string.Empty;

     private string _endCell = string.Empty;

     private string _interiorColor = string.Empty;

     private bool _isMerge = false;

     private int _size = 0;

     private string _fontColor = string.Empty;

     private string _format = string.Empty;



     public ExcelBE(int row, int col, string text, string startCell, string endCell, string interiorColor, bool isMerge, int size, string fontColor, string format)

     {

         _row = row;

         _col = col;

         _text = text;

         _startCell = startCell;

         _endCell = endCell;

         _interiorColor = interiorColor;

         _isMerge = isMerge;

         _size = size;

         _fontColor = fontColor;

         _format = format;

     }



     public ExcelBE()

     { }



     public int Row

     {

         get { return _row; }

         set { _row = value; }

     }



     public int Col

     {

         get { return _col; }

         set { _col = value; }

     }



     public string Text

     {

         get { return _text; }

         set { _text = value; }

     }



     public string StartCell

     {

         get { return _startCell; }

         set { _startCell = value; }

     }



     public string EndCell

     {

         get { return _endCell; }

         set { _endCell = value; }

     }



     public string InteriorColor

     {

         get { return _interiorColor; }

         set { _interiorColor = value; }

     }



     public bool IsMerge

     {

         get { return _isMerge; }

         set { _isMerge = value; }

     }



     public int Size

     {

         get { return _size; }

         set { _size = value; }

     }



     public string FontColor

     {

         get { return _fontColor; }

         set { _fontColor = value; }

     }



     public string Formart

     {

         get { return _format; }

         set { _format = value; }

     }



 }

接下来创建ExcelBase.cs:

public class ExcelBase

{

    private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application app = null;

    private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = null;

    private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = null;

    private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range workSheet_range = null;



    public ExcelBase()

    {

        createDoc();

    }



    public void createDoc()

    {

        try

        {

            app = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();

            app.Visible = true;

            workbook = app.Workbooks.Add(1);

            worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Sheets[1];

        }

        catch (Exception e)

        {

            Console.Write("Error");

        }

        finally

        {

        }

    }



    public void InsertData(ExcelBE be)

    {

        worksheet.Cells[be.Row, be.Col] = be.Text;

        workSheet_range = worksheet.get_Range(be.StartCell, be.EndCell);

        workSheet_range.MergeCells = be.IsMerge;

        workSheet_range.Interior.Color = GetColorValue(be.InteriorColor);

        workSheet_range.Borders.Color = System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb();

        workSheet_range.ColumnWidth = be.Size;

        workSheet_range.Font.Color = string.IsNullOrEmpty(be.FontColor) ? System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb() : System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb();

        workSheet_range.NumberFormat = be.Formart;

    }



    private int GetColorValue(string interiorColor)

    {

        switch (interiorColor)

        {

            case "YELLOW":

                return System.Drawing.Color.Yellow.ToArgb();

            case "GRAY":

                return System.Drawing.Color.Gray.ToArgb();

            case "GAINSBORO":

                return System.Drawing.Color.Gainsboro.ToArgb();

            case "Turquoise":

                return System.Drawing.Color.Turquoise.ToArgb();

            case "PeachPuff":

                return System.Drawing.Color.PeachPuff.ToArgb();



            default:

                return System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb();

        }

    }

}

调用的代码如下:

private void btnRun_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

{

    ExcelBase excel = new ExcelBase();

    //creates the main header

    ExcelBE be = null;

    be = new ExcelBE (5, 2, "Total of Products", "B5", "D5", "YELLOW", true, 10, "n",null);

    excel.InsertData(be);

    //creates subheaders

    be = new ExcelBE (6, 2, "Sold Product", "B6", "B6", "GRAY", true, 10, "",null);

    excel.InsertData(be);

    be=new ExcelBE(6, 3, "", "C6", "C6", "GRAY", true, 10, "",null);

    excel.InsertData(be);

    be=new ExcelBE (6, 4, "Initial Total", "D6", "D6", "GRAY", true, 10, "",null);

    excel.InsertData(be);

    //add Data to cells

    be=new ExcelBE (7, 2, "114287", "B7", "B7",null,false,10,"", "#,##0");

    excel.InsertData(be);

    be=new ExcelBE (7, 3, "", "C7", "C7", null,false,10,"",null);

    excel.InsertData(be);

    be = new ExcelBE(7, 4, "129121", "D7", "D7", null, false, 10, "", "#,##0");

    excel.InsertData(be);

    //add percentage row

    be = new ExcelBE(8, 2, "", "B8", "B8", null, false, 10, "", "");

    excel.InsertData(be);

    be = new ExcelBE(8, 3, "=B7/D7", "C8", "C8", null, false, 10, "", "0.0%");

    excel.InsertData(be);

    be = new ExcelBE(8, 4, "", "D8", "D8", null, false, 10, "", "");

    excel.InsertData(be);

    //add empty divider

    be = new ExcelBE(9, 2, "", "B9", "D9", "GAINSBORO", true, 10, "",null);

    excel.InsertData(be);   



}

结果如下图所示：