Oracle Study之--Oracle 11gR2通过RMAN克隆数据库

Oracle Study之--Oracle 11gR2通过RMAN克隆数据库

Purpose of Database Duplication

A duplicate database is useful for a variety of purposes, most of which involve testing. You can perform the following tasks in a duplicate database:

• Test backup and recovery procedures

• Test an upgrade to a new release of Oracle Database

• Test the effect of applications on database performance

• Create a standby database

• Generate reports

Techniques for Duplicating a Database

RMAN supports two basic types of duplication: active database duplication and backup-based duplication. RMAN can perform backup-based duplication with or without either of the following connections:

• Target

• Recovery catalog

A connection to both is required for active database duplication.

Figure 24-1 shows the decision tree for the two duplication techniques.

Active Database Duplication

In active database duplication, RMAN connects as TARGET to the source database instance and as AUXILIARY to the auxiliary instance. RMAN copies the live source database over the network to the auxiliary instance, thereby creating the duplicate database. No backups of the source database are required. Figure 24-2 illustrates active database duplication.

     Oracle 11g的RMAN duplicate 能够通过Active database duplicate和Backup-based duplicate两种方法实现。本案例使用的是Active database duplicate，对于Active database duplicate来说，在克隆数据库时不用对Source备份，这对于大数据特别是T级别的数据库来说长处很明显，复制前不须要进行备份，降低了备份和传送备份的时间，同一时候节省备份空间。

    克隆数据库通常是在不同的主机上来完毕，本案例是測试环境，所以在一台主机上完毕。

1、Source 库信息

[oracle@rh64 ~]$sqlplus '/as sysdba'
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Thu Mar 24 16:30:48 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
16:30:48 SYS@ prod>select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN

16:31:12 SYS@ prod>select name from v$datafile;
NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test1.dbf
6 rows selected.

16:37:41 SYS@ prod>select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/redo01.log

16:38:43 SYS@ prod>show parameter name
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert                 string
db_name                              string      prod
db_unique_name                       string      prod
global_names                         boolean     FALSE
instance_name                        string      prod
lock_name_space                      string
log_file_name_convert                string
processor_group_name                 string
service_names                        string      prod

2、构建測试库：

1）測试库文件夹环境
[root@rh64 dsk3]# cd test1/
[root@rh64 test1]# ls
oradata  logs admin

2）生成測试库pfile
[oracle@rh64 dbs]$ cat inittest1.ora 

*.audit_file_dest='/dsk3/test1/admin/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/dsk3/test1/oradata/control01.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='test1'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.memory_target=319430400
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.db_file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/','/dsk3/test1/oradata/')        。假设源库和目标库在同一台主机，须要配置文件存储路径转换參数
*.log_file_name_convert=('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/','/dsk3/test1/logs/')

3）生成口令文件
[oracle@rh64 dbs]$ cp orapwprod orapwtest1

4）启动Auxiliary Instance到no mount

16:52:01 SYS@ test1>startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area  521936896 bytes
Fixed Size                  2229944 bytes
Variable Size             314575176 bytes
Database Buffers          201326592 bytes
Redo Buffers                3805184 bytes

16:52:13 SYS@ test1>show parameter name
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert                 string      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/,
                                                                     /dsk3/test1/oradata/
db_name                                 string      test1
db_unique_name                    string      test1
global_names                         boolean     FALSE
instance_name                        string      test1
lock_name_space                   string
log_file_name_convert            string        /u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/,
                                                                  /dsk3/test1/logs/
processor_group_name           string
service_names                        string      test1

三、配置网络Listener 和 tnsname

因为Auxiliary Instance仅仅能启动到no mount状态，所以须要在listener里配置Auxiliary Instance为静态注冊。以便RMAN进行连接。

1）配置监听器
[oracle@rh64 admin]$ cat listener.ora 

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rh64)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

# 静态注冊Auxiliary Instance：test1
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = test1)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
      (SID_NAME = test1)
    )
  )

2）配置tnsnames
[oracle@rh64 admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora 

# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

PROD =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rh64)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = prod)
    )
  )

TEST1 =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = rh64)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = test1)
    )
  )
  

3）查看listener信息

 [oracle@rh64 admin]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 24-MAR-2016 17:44:04
Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=rh64)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
Start Date                24-MAR-2016 17:43:17
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 46 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/rh64/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=rh64.cuug.cn)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "prod" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "prod", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "prodXDB" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "prod", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "test1" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "test1", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...           ；；Auxiliary Instance静态注冊后，状态为“UNKNOWN"
The command completed successfully

四、配置RMAN克隆
[oracle@rh64 admin]$ rman target sys/oracle@prod auxiliary sys/oracle@test1
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Mar 24 17:07:38 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: PROD (DBID=305104131)
connected to auxiliary database: TEST1 (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate database to test1 from active database nofilenamecheck;

Starting Duplicate Db at 24-MAR-16
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone "create spfile from memory";
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: create spfile from memory
contents of Memory Script:
{
   shutdown clone immediate;
   startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area     321507328 bytes
Fixed Size                     2228024 bytes
Variable Size                230686920 bytes
Database Buffers              83886080 bytes
Redo Buffers                   4706304 bytes
contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone "alter system set  db_name = 
 ''PROD'' comment=
 ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
   sql clone "alter system set  db_unique_name = 
 ''TEST1'' comment=
 ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";
   shutdown clone immediate;
   startup clone force nomount
   backup as copy current controlfile auxiliary format  '/dsk3/test1/oradata/control01.ctl';
   alter clone database mount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set  db_name =  ''PROD'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system set  db_unique_name =  ''TEST1'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area     321507328 bytes
Fixed Size                     2228024 bytes
Variable Size                230686920 bytes
Database Buffers              83886080 bytes
Redo Buffers                   4706304 bytes
Starting backup at 24-MAR-16
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=34 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_prod.f tag=TAG20160324T175437 RECID=3 STAMP=907350882
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 24-MAR-16
database mounted
contents of Memory Script:
{
   set newname for datafile  1 to 
 "/dsk3/test1/data/system01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  2 to 
 "/dsk3/test1/data/sysaux01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  3 to 
 "/dsk3/test1/data/undotbs01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  4 to 
 "/dsk3/test1/data/users01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  5 to 
 "/dsk3/test1/data/example01.dbf";
   set newname for datafile  6 to 
 "/dsk3/test1/data/test1.dbf";
   backup as copy reuse
   datafile  1 auxiliary format 
 "/dsk3/test1/data/system01.dbf"   datafile 
 2 auxiliary format 
 "/dsk3/test1/data/sysaux01.dbf"   datafile 
 3 auxiliary format 
 "/dsk3/test1/data/undotbs01.dbf"   datafile 
 4 auxiliary format 
 "/dsk3/test1/data/users01.dbf"   datafile 
 5 auxiliary format 
 "/dsk3/test1/data/example01.dbf"   datafile 
 6 auxiliary format 
 "/dsk3/test1/data/test1.dbf"   ;
   sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 24-MAR-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/system01.dbf
output file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/system01.dbf tag=TAG20160324T180122
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:45
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/sysaux01.dbf
output file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf tag=TAG20160324T180122
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/example01.dbf
output file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/example01.dbf tag=TAG20160324T180122
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/undotbs01.dbf
output file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf tag=TAG20160324T180122
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/test1.dbf
output file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/test1.dbf tag=TAG20160324T180122
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/prod/users01.dbf
output file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/users01.dbf tag=TAG20160324T180122
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished backup at 24-MAR-16
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
   backup as copy reuse
   archivelog like  "/dsk4/arch_prod/arch_1_32_893265808.log" auxiliary format 
 "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_32_893265808.dbf"   ;
   catalog clone archivelog  "/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_32_893265808.dbf";
   switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 24-MAR-16
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy
input archived log thread=1 sequence=32 RECID=26 STAMP=907351568
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_32_893265808.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0
channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 24-MAR-16
cataloged archived log
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_32_893265808.dbf RECID=26 STAMP=907351572
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=907351573 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/system01.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=907351573 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=907351574 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=907351574 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=907351574 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/example01.dbf
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=9 STAMP=907351574 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/test1.dbf
contents of Memory Script:
{
   set until scn  1471172;
   recover
   clone database
    delete archivelog
   ;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 24-MAR-16
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=18 device type=DISK
starting media recovery
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 32 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_32_893265808.dbf
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_32_893265808.dbf thread=1 sequence=32
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
Finished recover at 24-MAR-16
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area     321507328 bytes
Fixed Size                     2228024 bytes
Variable Size                234881224 bytes
Database Buffers              79691776 bytes
Redo Buffers                   4706304 bytes
contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone "alter system set  db_name = 
 ''TEST1'' comment=
 ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile";
   sql clone "alter system reset  db_unique_name scope=spfile";
   shutdown clone immediate;
   startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set  db_name =  ''TEST1'' comment= ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile
sql statement: alter system reset  db_unique_name scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area     321507328 bytes
Fixed Size                     2228024 bytes
Variable Size                234881224 bytes
Database Buffers              79691776 bytes
Redo Buffers                   4706304 bytes
sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "TEST1" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG 
  MAXLOGFILES     16
  MAXLOGMEMBERS      3
  MAXDATAFILES      100
  MAXINSTANCES     8
  MAXLOGHISTORY      292
 LOGFILE
  GROUP   1 ( '/dsk3/test1/logs/''redo01.log' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE,
  GROUP   2 ( '/dsk3/test1/logs/''redo02.log' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE,
  GROUP   3 ( '/dsk3/test1/logs/''redo03.log' ) SIZE 50 M  REUSE
 DATAFILE
  '/dsk3/test1/oradata/system01.dbf'
 CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

contents of Memory Script:
{
   set newname for tempfile  1 to 
 "/dsk3/test1/oradata/temp01.dbf";
   switch clone tempfile all;
   catalog clone datafilecopy  "/dsk3/test1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf", 
 "/dsk3/test1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf", 
 "/dsk3/test1/oradata/users01.dbf", 
 "/dsk3/test1/oradata/example01.dbf", 
 "/dsk3/test1/oradata/test1.dbf";
   switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /dsk3/test1/oradata/temp01.dbf in control file
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=907351727
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=907351728
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/users01.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=907351728
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/example01.dbf RECID=4 STAMP=907351728
cataloged datafile copy
datafile copy file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/test1.dbf RECID=5 STAMP=907351729
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=907351727 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=907351728 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=907351728 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/users01.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=907351728 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/example01.dbf
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=907351729 file name=/dsk3/test1/oradata/test1.dbf
Reenabling controlfile options for auxiliary database
Executing: alter database enable block change tracking using file '/dsk4/backup/block.trc'
ORACLE error from auxiliary database: ORA-19751: could not create the change tracking file
ORA-19750: change tracking file: '/dsk4/backup/block.trc'
ORA-27038: created file already exists
Additional information: 1
Ignoring error, reattempt command after duplicate finishes
contents of Memory Script:
{
   Alter clone database open resetlogs;
}
executing Memory Script
database opened
Finished Duplicate Db at 24-MAR-16

五、验证克隆

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

18:28:57 SYS@ test1>select status from v$instance;
STATUS
------------
OPEN

18:29:06 SYS@ test1>select name from v$datafile;
NAME
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/dsk3/test1/oradata/system01.dbf
/dsk3/test1/oradata/sysaux01.dbf
/dsk3/test1/oradata/undotbs01.dbf
/dsk3/test1/oradata/users01.dbf
/dsk3/test1/oradata/example01.dbf
/dsk3/test1/oradata/test1.dbf
6 rows selected.

18:29:13 SYS@ test1>select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/dsk3/test1/logs/redo03.log
/dsk3/test1/logs/redo02.log
/dsk3/test1/logs/redo01.log

18:30:19 SYS@ test1>show parameter control

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_files                        string      /dsk3/test1/oradata/control01.ctl  <span style="font-family: 宋体, Arial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">       </span>

-------- 至此。数据库克隆成功 。