线程池

1.sleep 与 wait 的区别

sleep不会让出锁，而wait会让出锁.

2.调用线程的interrupt方法，即使线程wait或者sleep也能感知到，并抛出异常

3.线程的6种状态，

1. New（新创建） 

2. Runnable（可运行）

3. Blocked（被阻塞）

4. Waiting（等待）

5. Timed Waiting（计时等待）

6. Terminated（被终止）

block是指在进入synchronize修饰的方法没有获得monitor锁

waiting是指调用wait/join/LockSupport.park

Timed Witing:线程调用sleep方法

4.线程池

刚开始随着任务的进来，线程池会创建核心线程来执行，当创建到corePoolSize之后，任务就会被存放到工作队列里面。当工作队列满了的时候，就又会创建线程直到maxPoolSize。如果队列还是满了的话，就会执行拒绝策略.

线程池的实现原理

首先，线程池中用一个AtomicInteger的高三位来表示状态位，低29位来表示线程的数量

private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));

// 这里 COUNT_BITS 设置为 29(32-3)，意味着前三位用于存放线程状态，后29位用于存放线程数
// 很多初学者很喜欢在自己的代码中写很多 29 这种数字，或者某个特殊的字符串，然后分布在各个地方，这是非常糟糕的
private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3;

// 000 11111111111111111111111111111
// 这里得到的是 29 个 1，也就是说线程池的最大线程数是 2^29-1=536870911
// 以我们现在计算机的实际情况，这个数量还是够用的
private static final int CAPACITY   = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1;

// 我们说了，线程池的状态存放在高 3 位中
// 运算结果为 111跟29个0：111 00000000000000000000000000000
private static final int RUNNING    = -1 << COUNT_BITS;
// 000 00000000000000000000000000000
private static final int SHUTDOWN   =  0 << COUNT_BITS;
// 001 00000000000000000000000000000
private static final int STOP       =  1 << COUNT_BITS;
// 010 00000000000000000000000000000
private static final int TIDYING    =  2 << COUNT_BITS;
// 011 00000000000000000000000000000
private static final int TERMINATED =  3 << COUNT_BITS;

// 将整数 c 的低 29 位修改为 0，就得到了线程池的状态
private static int runStateOf(int c)     { return c & ~CAPACITY; }
// 将整数 c 的高 3 为修改为 0，就得到了线程池中的线程数
private static int workerCountOf(int c)  { return c & CAPACITY; }

private static int ctlOf(int rs, int wc) { return rs | wc; }

int c = ctl.get();
        if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
            if (addWorker(command, true))//判断当前线程数是否小于核心线程数，如果小于就添加线程
                return;
            c = ctl.get();
        }
        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
            int recheck = ctl.get();
            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
                reject(command);
            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
                addWorker(null, false);
        }
        else if (!addWorker(command, false))
            reject(command);
    }

 private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
        retry:
        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);

            // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
                ! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
                   firstTask == null &&
                   ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
                return false;

            for (;;) {
                int wc = workerCountOf(c);
                if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
                    wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
                    return false;
                if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
                    break retry;
                c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
                if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                    continue retry;
                // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
            }
        }

        boolean workerStarted = false;
        boolean workerAdded = false;
        Worker w = null;
        try {
            w = new Worker(firstTask); //Worker对象实现了Runnable方法,在构造函数中线程工厂创建线程，worker对象本身作为参数.
            final Thread t = w.thread;
            if (t != null) {
                final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
                mainLock.lock();
                try {
                    // Recheck while holding lock.
                    // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
                    // shut down before lock acquired.
                    int rs = runStateOf(ctl.get());

                    if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
                        (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
                        if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
                            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
                        workers.add(w);
                        int s = workers.size();
                        if (s > largestPoolSize)
                            largestPoolSize = s;
                        workerAdded = true;
                    }
                } finally {
                    mainLock.unlock();
                }
                if (workerAdded) {
                    t.start();//就是调用了Worker对象的run方法()
                    workerStarted = true;
                }
            }
        } finally {
            if (! workerStarted)
                addWorkerFailed(w);
        }
        return workerStarted;
    }

public void run() {
            runWorker(this);
        }

final void runWorker(Worker w) {
        Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
        Runnable task = w.firstTask; //传入的任务
        w.firstTask = null;
        w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
        boolean completedAbruptly = true;
        try {
            while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {//线程在这里循环工作，从阻塞队列中拿出任务
                w.lock();
                // If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
                // if not, ensure thread is not interrupted.  This
                // requires a recheck in second case to deal with
                // shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
                if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
                     (Thread.interrupted() &&
                      runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
                    !wt.isInterrupted())
                    wt.interrupt();
                try {
                    beforeExecute(wt, task);
                    Throwable thrown = null;
                    try {
                        task.run();//直接调用run方法，
                    } catch (RuntimeException x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Error x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Throwable x) {
                        thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
                    } finally {
                        afterExecute(task, thrown);
                    }
                } finally {
                    task = null;
                    w.completedTasks++;
                    w.unlock();
                }
            }
            completedAbruptly = false;
        } finally {
            processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
        }
    }