python画图

1.饼形图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei'] #解决中文乱码
labels=['a','b','c','d']
sizes=[5,6,7,8]
colors = ['red','yellowgreen','lightskyblue','yellow'] #每块颜色定义
explode=0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1
patches,text1,text2 = plt.pie(sizes,explode=explode,labels=labels,colors=colors,autopct='%1.1f%%',shadow=True,startangle=90,pctdistance = 0.6)
#patches饼图的返回值，texts1饼图外label的文本，texts2饼图内部的文本
# x，y轴刻度设置一致，保证饼图为圆形
plt.axis('equal')
plt.show()

labeldistance，文本的位置离远点有多远，1.1指1.1倍半径的位置

autopct，圆里面的文本格式，%3.1f%%表示小数有三位，整数有一位的浮点数

shadow，饼是否有阴影

startangle，起始角度，0，表示从0开始逆时针转，为第一块。一般选择从90度开始比较好看

pctdistance，百分比的text离圆心的距离

 

2.柱状图

单列柱状图：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 
name_list = ['Monday','Tuesday','Friday','Sunday']
num_list = [1.5,0.6,7.8,6]
plt.bar(range(len(num_list)), num_list,color='rgb',tick_label=name_list)
plt.show()

双列柱状图：

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']  # 解决中文乱码
plt.figure()
fontsize = 30
plt.title(u'初始数据模型效果', fontsize=fontsize)
plt.xlabel(u'算法', fontsize=fontsize)
plt.ylabel(u'准确率', fontsize=fontsize)
plt.ylim(0.021, 0.0245)
name_list = ['LR', 'RF', 'GBDT', 'XGBoost', 'LightGBM', 'XGB+GBM']
num_list = [0.0228, 0.022, 0.0237, 0.024, 0.0236, 0.0241]
num_list1 = [0.0232, 0.0225, 0.024, 0.0243, 0.0242, 0.0243]
# 每个x坐标的位置
x = [1,2.5,4,5.5,7,8.5]
total_width, n = 1, 2
width = total_width / n
# edgecolor参数设置图形边框颜色
plt.bar(x, num_list, width=width, label='Public Score', fc='gray',edgecolor='black')
for i in range(len(x)):
    x[i] = x[i] + width
# hatch可以将图形填充至条形图内
plt.bar(x, num_list1, width=width, label='Private Score', tick_label=name_list, fc='black', hatch='....')
plt.xticks(rotation=0, fontsize=fontsize)
plt.yticks(fontsize=fontsize)
# 图例设置在左上角
plt.legend(loc='upper left', fontsize=fontsize)
plt.show()
plt.close()

3.折线图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei'] #解决中文乱码
plt.figure()
x3 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
y3=[30,31,31,32,33,35,35,40,47,62]
x4 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
y4=[32,32,32,33,34,34,34,34,38,43]
group_labels = ['64k', '128k','256k','512k','1024k','2048k','4096k','8M','16M','32M','64M','128M','256M','512M']
plt.title('broadcast(b) vs join(r)')
plt.xlabel('data size')
plt.ylabel('time(s)')
plt.plot(x3, y3, label='broadcast')
plt.plot(x4, y4,label='join')
plt.xticks(x3, group_labels, rotation=0) # X轴与名称相对应，名字不进行旋转
plt.legend(bbox_to_anchor=[0.3, 1]) # 显示label名字
plt.grid(linestyle='--') # 画虚线网格
plt.show()
plt.savefig("a.png")