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  • Android使用binder访问service的方式(一)

    binder机制是贯穿整个android系统的进程间访问机制,经常被用来访问service,我们结合代码看一下binder在访问service的情形下是怎么具体使用的。

    service 你可以理解成没有的界面的activity,它是跑在后台的程序,所谓后台是相对于可以被看得到的程序的,后台程序是不能直接交互的程序。

    binder主要是用来进程间通信的,但也可用在和本地service通信。

    1. 我们先来看一个与本地service通信的例子。

    1. package com.ckt.wangxin;  
    2.   
    3. import android.app.Service;  
    4. import android.content.Intent;  
    5. import android.os.Binder;  
    6. import android.os.IBinder;  
    7. import android.widget.Toast;  
    8. /** 
    9.  * This is a service stub for both LocalBinderClient 
    10.  * and RemoteBinderClient  
    11.  * @author Wang Xin 
    12.  * @email springnap@163.com 
    13.  * 
    14.  */  
    15. public class LocalService extends Service {  
    16.   
    17.     @Override  
    18.     public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {  
    19.         return new LocalBinder();  
    20.     }     
    21.           
    22.     public void sayHelloWorld(){  
    23.         Toast.makeText(this.getApplicationContext(), "Hello World Local Service!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
    24.     }     
    25.           
    26.     public class LocalBinder extends Binder {  
    27.         LocalService getService() {  
    28.             // Return this instance of LocalService so clients can call public methods  
    29.             return LocalService.this;  
    30.         }     
    31.     }     
    32. }  
    package com.ckt.wangxin;
    
    import android.app.Service;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.os.Binder;
    import android.os.IBinder;
    import android.widget.Toast;
    /**
     * This is a service stub for both LocalBinderClient
     * and RemoteBinderClient 
     * @author Wang Xin
     * @email springnap@163.com
     *
     */
    public class LocalService extends Service {
    
        @Override
        public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
            return new LocalBinder();
        }   
            
        public void sayHelloWorld(){
            Toast.makeText(this.getApplicationContext(), "Hello World Local Service!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }   
            
        public class LocalBinder extends Binder {
            LocalService getService() {
                // Return this instance of LocalService so clients can call public methods
                return LocalService.this;
            }   
        }   
    }
    

    local servcie 的代码如上,在onBinder方法中返回binder,binder包含了service的句柄,客户端得到句柄以后就可以调用servcie的公共方法了,这种调用方式是最常见的。

    客户端代码

    1. package com.ckt.wangxin;  
    2.   
    3. import android.app.Activity;  
    4. import android.content.ComponentName;  
    5. import android.content.Context;  
    6. import android.content.Intent;  
    7. import android.content.ServiceConnection;  
    8. import android.os.Bundle;  
    9. import android.os.IBinder;  
    10. import android.util.Log;  
    11.   
    12. import com.ckt.wangxin.LocalService.LocalBinder;  
    13.   
    14. public class LocalServiceTestActivity extends Activity {  
    15.     static final String TAG = "LocalBinderTestActivity";  
    16.     ServiceConnection mSc;  
    17.       
    18.     /** Called when the activity is first created. */  
    19.     @Override  
    20.     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
    21.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
    22.         setContentView(R.layout.main);  
    23.           
    24.         mSc = new ServiceConnection(){  
    25.             @Override  
    26.             public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {  
    27.                 Log.d(TAG, "service connected");  
    28.                 LocalService ss = ((LocalBinder)service).getService();  
    29.                 ss.sayHelloWorld();  
    30.             }  
    31.   
    32.             @Override  
    33.             public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {  
    34.                 Log.d(TAG, "service disconnected");  
    35.             }  
    36.         };  
    37.     }  
    38.       
    39.     @Override  
    40.     protected void onStart() {  
    41.         super.onStart();  
    42.         Log.d(TAG, this.getApplicationContext().getPackageCodePath());  
    43.         Intent service = new Intent(this.getApplicationContext(),LocalService.class);  
    44.         this.bindService(service, mSc, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);  
    45.     }  
    46.   
    47.     @Override  
    48.     protected void onStop() {  
    49.         super.onStop();  
    50.         //must unbind the service otherwise the ServiceConnection will be leaked.  
    51.         <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); ">this.unbindService(mSc);</span>  
    52.     }  
    53. }  
    package com.ckt.wangxin;
    
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.content.ComponentName;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.content.ServiceConnection;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.os.IBinder;
    import android.util.Log;
    
    import com.ckt.wangxin.LocalService.LocalBinder;
    
    public class LocalServiceTestActivity extends Activity {
        static final String TAG = "LocalBinderTestActivity";
        ServiceConnection mSc;
        
        /** Called when the activity is first created. */
        @Override
        public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.main);
            
            mSc = new ServiceConnection(){
                @Override
                public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
                    Log.d(TAG, "service connected");
                    LocalService ss = ((LocalBinder)service).getService();
                    ss.sayHelloWorld();
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
                    Log.d(TAG, "service disconnected");
                }
            };
        }
        
        @Override
        protected void onStart() {
            super.onStart();
            Log.d(TAG, this.getApplicationContext().getPackageCodePath());
            Intent service = new Intent(this.getApplicationContext(),LocalService.class);
            this.bindService(service, mSc, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onStop() {
            super.onStop();
            //must unbind the service otherwise the ServiceConnection will be leaked.
            <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); ">this.unbindService(mSc);</span>
        }
    }
    

    需要注意的是在onStop中要解绑定service, 否则会造成内存泄露的问题。

    2. 我们再看一下与另外一个进程中的service进行通信的问题(跨进程通信!)。

    如何将servcie运行在另外一个进程呢?在manifest 里面配置个属性就行了。

    android:process=":remote" , 代表这个service运行在同一个应用程序的不同进程中。

    1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
    2. <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    3.     package="com.ckt.wangxin"  
    4.     android:versionCode="1"  
    5.     android:versionName="1.0" >  
    6.   
    7.     <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="15" />  
    8.   
    9.     <application  
    10.         android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"  
    11.         android:label="@string/app_name" >  
    12.         <activity  
    13.             android:name=".LocalServiceTestActivity"  
    14.             android:label="@string/app_name" >  
    15.            <!--  <intent-filter>  
    16.                 <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />  
    17.                 <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />  
    18.             </intent-filter> -->  
    19.         </activity>  
    20.         <service android:name=".LocalService"></service>  
    21.         <!-- android:process=":remote" specify this service run in   
    22.         another process in the same application. -->  
    23.         <service android:name=".RemoteService" android:process=":remote"></service>  
    24.         <activity android:name="RemoteServiceTestActivity">  
    25.             <intent-filter>  
    26.                 <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />  
    27.                 <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />  
    28.             </intent-filter>  
    29.               
    30.         </activity>  
    31.     </application>  
    32.   
    33. </manifest>  
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        package="com.ckt.wangxin"
        android:versionCode="1"
        android:versionName="1.0" >
    
        <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="15" />
    
        <application
            android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <activity
                android:name=".LocalServiceTestActivity"
                android:label="@string/app_name" >
               <!--  <intent-filter>
                    <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                    <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                </intent-filter> -->
            </activity>
            <service android:name=".LocalService"></service>
            <!-- android:process=":remote" specify this service run in 
            another process in the same application. -->
            <service android:name=".RemoteService" android:process=":remote"></service>
            <activity android:name="RemoteServiceTestActivity">
                <intent-filter>
                    <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
                    <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                </intent-filter>
                
            </activity>
        </application>
    
    </manifest>

    客户端可以使用Messenger发送消息到service。

    客户端代码:

    1. package com.ckt.wangxin;  
    2.   
    3. import android.app.Activity;  
    4. import android.content.ComponentName;  
    5. import android.content.Context;  
    6. import android.content.Intent;  
    7. import android.content.ServiceConnection;  
    8. import android.os.Bundle;  
    9. import android.os.Handler;  
    10. import android.os.IBinder;  
    11. import android.os.Message;  
    12. import android.os.Messenger;  
    13. import android.os.RemoteException;  
    14. import android.util.Log;  
    15. import android.widget.Toast;  
    16.   
    17. public class RemoteServiceTestActivity extends Activity {  
    18.     static final String TAG = "RemoteServiceTestActivity";  
    19.     ServiceConnection mSc;  
    20.     public static final int SAY_HELLO_TO_CLIENT = 0;  
    21.     /** 
    22.      * Handler of incoming messages from service. 
    23.      */  
    24.     class IncomingHandler extends Handler {  
    25.         @Override  
    26.         public void handleMessage(Message msg) {  
    27.             switch (msg.what) {  
    28.                 case SAY_HELLO_TO_CLIENT:  
    29.                     Toast.makeText(RemoteServiceTestActivity.this.getApplicationContext(), "Hello World Remote Client!",  
    30.                             Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
    31.                     break;  
    32.                 default:  
    33.                     super.handleMessage(msg);  
    34.             }  
    35.         }  
    36.     }  
    37.       
    38.     Messenger messenger_reciever = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler());  
    39.       
    40.     /** Called when the activity is first created. */  
    41.     @Override  
    42.     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
    43.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
    44.         setContentView(R.layout.main);  
    45.           
    46.         mSc = new ServiceConnection(){  
    47.             @Override  
    48.             public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {  
    49.                 Log.d(TAG, "service connected");  
    50.                 <span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); ">Messenger messenger = new Messenger(service);  
    51.                 Message msg = new Message();  
    52.                 msg.what = RemoteService.MSG_SAY_HELLO;</span>  
    53.                 msg.replyTo = messenger_reciever;  
    54.                 try {  
    55.                     <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); ">messenger.send(msg);</span>  
    56.                 } catch (RemoteException e) {  
    57.                     e.printStackTrace();  
    58.                 }  
    59.             }  
    60.   
    61.             @Override  
    62.             public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {  
    63.                 Log.d(TAG, "service disconnected");  
    64.             }  
    65.         };  
    66.     }  
    67.       
    68.     @Override  
    69.     protected void onStart() {  
    70.         super.onStart();  
    71.         Log.d(TAG, this.getApplicationContext().getPackageCodePath());  
    72.         Intent service = new Intent(this.getApplicationContext(),RemoteService.class);  
    73.         this.bindService(service, mSc, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);  
    74.     }  
    75.   
    76.     @Override  
    77.     protected void onStop() {  
    78.         super.onStop();  
    79.         //must unbind the service otherwise the ServiceConnection will be leaked.  
    80.         this.unbindService(mSc);  
    81.     }  
    82. }  
    package com.ckt.wangxin;
    
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.content.ComponentName;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.content.ServiceConnection;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.os.Handler;
    import android.os.IBinder;
    import android.os.Message;
    import android.os.Messenger;
    import android.os.RemoteException;
    import android.util.Log;
    import android.widget.Toast;
    
    public class RemoteServiceTestActivity extends Activity {
        static final String TAG = "RemoteServiceTestActivity";
        ServiceConnection mSc;
        public static final int SAY_HELLO_TO_CLIENT = 0;
        /**
         * Handler of incoming messages from service.
         */
        class IncomingHandler extends Handler {
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                switch (msg.what) {
                    case SAY_HELLO_TO_CLIENT:
                    	Toast.makeText(RemoteServiceTestActivity.this.getApplicationContext(), "Hello World Remote Client!",
                                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        break;
                    default:
                        super.handleMessage(msg);
                }
            }
        }
        
        Messenger messenger_reciever = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler());
        
        /** Called when the activity is first created. */
        @Override
        public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.main);
            
            mSc = new ServiceConnection(){
                @Override
                public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
                    Log.d(TAG, "service connected");
                    <span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); ">Messenger messenger = new Messenger(service);
                    Message msg = new Message();
                    msg.what = RemoteService.MSG_SAY_HELLO;</span>
                    msg.replyTo = messenger_reciever;
                    try {
    					<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); ">messenger.send(msg);</span>
    				} catch (RemoteException e) {
    					e.printStackTrace();
    				}
                }
    
                @Override
                public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
                    Log.d(TAG, "service disconnected");
                }
            };
        }
        
        @Override
        protected void onStart() {
            super.onStart();
            Log.d(TAG, this.getApplicationContext().getPackageCodePath());
            Intent service = new Intent(this.getApplicationContext(),RemoteService.class);
            this.bindService(service, mSc, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onStop() {
            super.onStop();
            //must unbind the service otherwise the ServiceConnection will be leaked.
            this.unbindService(mSc);
        }
    }
    

    获得service端传来的binder,用来构建一个Messenger向service发送消息。

    service端代码:

    1. package com.ckt.wangxin;  
    2.   
    3. import android.app.Service;  
    4. import android.content.Intent;  
    5. import android.os.Handler;  
    6. import android.os.IBinder;  
    7. import android.os.Message;  
    8. import android.os.Messenger;  
    9. import android.os.RemoteException;  
    10. import android.widget.Toast;  
    11.   
    12. public class RemoteService extends Service {  
    13.   
    14.     public static final int MSG_SAY_HELLO = 0;  
    15.   
    16.     @Override  
    17.     public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {  
    18.       <span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); ">  return messager.getBinder();</span>  
    19.     }  
    20.   
    21.     Handler IncomingHandler = new Handler() {  
    22.   
    23.         @Override  
    24.         public void handleMessage(Message msg) {  
    25.             if(msg.replyTo != null){  
    26.                 Message msg_client = this.obtainMessage();  
    27.                 msg_client.what = RemoteServiceTestActivity.SAY_HELLO_TO_CLIENT;  
    28.                 try {  
    29.                     ((Messenger)msg.replyTo).send(msg_client);  
    30.                 } catch (RemoteException e) {  
    31.                     // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
    32.                     e.printStackTrace();  
    33.                 }  
    34.             }  
    35.             switch (msg.what) {  
    36.                 case MSG_SAY_HELLO:  
    37.                     Toast.makeText(RemoteService.this.getApplicationContext(), "Hello World Remote Service!",  
    38.                             Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();  
    39.                     break;  
    40.                 default:  
    41.             super.handleMessage(msg);  
    42.             }  
    43.         }  
    44.   
    45.     };  
    46.       
    47.     Messenger  messager = new Messenger (IncomingHandler);  
    48. }  
    package com.ckt.wangxin;
    
    import android.app.Service;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.os.Handler;
    import android.os.IBinder;
    import android.os.Message;
    import android.os.Messenger;
    import android.os.RemoteException;
    import android.widget.Toast;
    
    public class RemoteService extends Service {
    
        public static final int MSG_SAY_HELLO = 0;
    
        @Override
        public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
          <span style="color: rgb(204, 0, 0); ">  return messager.getBinder();</span>
        }
    
        Handler IncomingHandler = new Handler() {
    
            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            	if(msg.replyTo != null){
            		Message msg_client = this.obtainMessage();
            		msg_client.what = RemoteServiceTestActivity.SAY_HELLO_TO_CLIENT;
            		try {
    					((Messenger)msg.replyTo).send(msg_client);
    				} catch (RemoteException e) {
    					// TODO Auto-generated catch block
    					e.printStackTrace();
    				}
            	}
                switch (msg.what) {
                    case MSG_SAY_HELLO:
                        Toast.makeText(RemoteService.this.getApplicationContext(), "Hello World Remote Service!",
                                Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                        break;
                    default:
                super.handleMessage(msg);
                }
            }
    
        };
        
        Messenger  messager = new Messenger (IncomingHandler);
    }
    

    构建一个Messenger,包含一个handler,然后将messenger的binder传给客户端,客户端可以通过handler再构造一个messenger与service通信,消息在handler里面被处理。

    现在是service端单向响应客户端的消息,同理可以做成双向发送消息,实现双向通信。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lzjsky/p/4938256.html
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