权限管理
创建一个rbac和app的应用,这个rbac主要是用来存放权限的,全称叫做基于角色权限控制
一、先看配置文件合适不,给创建的rbac在配置文件里面设置一下
找到INSTALLED_APPS=【'rbac'】
二、设计表结构
models中创建类:五个类,七张表
角色表:
用户表:
权限表:
组表:
菜单表:
角色表和权限表是多对多的关系(一个角色可以有多个权限,一个权限可以对应多个角色)
用户表和角色表是多对多的关系(一个用户可以有多个角色,一个角色有多个用户)
所以有会多生成两张关系表
一个菜单下面有多个组
一个组下面有多个菜单
一个菜单下面有多个权限
from django.db import models# Create your models here.
class Role(models.Model):
'''
角色表
'''
title = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name="角色名")
permissions = models.ManyToManyField(to="Permission",verbose_name="具有的所有权限", blank=True) # 建立用户表和角色表的多对多关系<span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> <span style="color: #800080;">__str__</span><span style="color: #000000;">(self): </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> self.title </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Meta: verbose_name_plural </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">角色表</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>
class Group(models.Model):
caption = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name="组名称")
menu = models.ForeignKey(to="Menu",verbose_name="所属菜单",default=1,related_name="menu")
class Menu(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)class Permission(models.Model):
'''
权限表
'''
title = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name="标题")
url = models.CharField(max_length=64,verbose_name="带正则的URL")
# is_mune = models.BooleanField(verbose_name="是否是菜单",default=0)
menu_gp = models.ForeignKey(verbose_name="组内菜单",to="Permission",blank=True,null=True) #自关联
#主页就可以设置为菜单,当点击菜单的时候才可以做具体的操作
codes = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name="代码",default=1)
group = models.ForeignKey(to="Group",verbose_name="所属组",null=True) #新添加的字段记得设置默认值<span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> <span style="color: #800080;">__str__</span><span style="color: #000000;">(self): </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> self.title </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Meta: </span><span style="color: #800000;">'''</span><span style="color: #800000;">中文显示</span><span style="color: #800000;">'''</span><span style="color: #000000;"> verbose_name_plural </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">权限表</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>
class UserInfo(models.Model):
'''
用户表
'''
username = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name="用户名")
password = models.CharField(max_length=64,verbose_name="密码")
email = models.CharField(max_length=32,verbose_name="邮箱")
roles = models.ManyToManyField(to="Role",verbose_name="具有的所有角色",blank=True) #建立用户和角色的多对多关系<span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> <span style="color: #800080;">__str__</span><span style="color: #000000;">(self): </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> self.username </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Meta: verbose_name_plural </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">用户表</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span></pre>
三、通过django admin录入权限数据
- 先创建一个超级用户
- 用户名 root
- 密码 zhy123456
- 在admin.py 中
from rbac import models
admin.site.register(models.Permission)
admin.site.register(models.Role)
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
这样的话上去的是英文的,如果你想让中文显示就在类中加一个类
class Meta:
verbose_name_plural = "权限表"
- 当你给关联字段录入数据的时候会有错误提示,那么在类中你的那个关联字段在加一个属性blank = True 可以为空
permissions = models.ManyToManyField(to="Permission",verbose_name="具有的所有权限", blank=True)
四、编写登录
用户登录后:
获取当前用户具有的所有角色
获取当前用户具有的所有权限(并且去重)
#获取当前的用户对象 user = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=name,password=password).first() #获取当前用户的所有角色user.roles.all() #获取当前用户的所有权限 permission_list = user.roles.all().values("permissions__title","permissions__url","permissions__is_mune").distinct() print(permission_list)
登录成功之后初始化---把所有的url都拿出来并且保存到session里
1、可以建一个server的包,在里面建一个初始化的init_perssion.py文件
2、定义函数
#!usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from rbac import models from day7权限管理 import settings def init_permission(user,request): #获取当前的用户对象 ''' 获取所有权限中的url并放在session中 :param user: :param request: :return: '''<span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">user.roles.all()获取当前用户的所有角色</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">获取当前用户的所有权限</span> permission_list =<span style="color: #000000;"> user.roles.all().values( </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">permissions__id</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">permissions__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">用户列表</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">permissions__url</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">url</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">permissions__menu_gp</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">组内菜单id,如果为null表示是菜单</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">permissions__codes</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">permissions__group_id</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">, </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">permissions__group__menu__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>, <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">菜单名称</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">permissions__group__menu__id</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">菜单id</span>
).distinct()
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">-----------------</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">,permission_list) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">菜单相关</span> sub_permisson_list =<span style="color: #000000;"> [] </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> item <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span><span style="color: #000000;"> permission_list: tpl </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> { </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">id</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:item[<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">permissions__id</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">], </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:item[<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">permissions__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">], </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">url</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:item[<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">permissions__url</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">], </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">menu_group_id</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:item[<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">permissions__group_id</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">], </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">menu_id</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:item[<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">permissions__group__menu__id</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">], </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">menu_title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:item[<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">permissions__group__menu__title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">] } sub_permisson_list.append(tpl) request.session[settings.PERMISSION_MENU_KEY] </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> sub_permisson_list </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 1、去掉不是菜单的url</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 菜单操作</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> menu_list = []</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> for item in permission_list:</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> if not item["permissions__is_mune"]: # 如果不是菜单就继续</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> continue</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> else: # 否则是菜单的话就把菜单添加到列表里面</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> tpl = {</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "menu_id": item["permissions__group__menu__id"],</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "menu_title": item["permissions__group__menu__title"],</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "title": item["permissions__title"],</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "url": item["permissions__url"],</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "active": False</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> }</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> menu_list.append(tpl)</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> request.session[settings.PERMISSION_MENU_KEY] = menu_list #吧所有的菜单都放在session里面</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print("xcvxvxv", menu_list)</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 权限相关</span> result =<span style="color: #000000;"> {} </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> item <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span><span style="color: #000000;"> permission_list: group_id </span>= item[<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">permissions__group_id</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">] url </span>=item[<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">permissions__url</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">] code </span>= item[<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">permissions__codes</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">] </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> group_id <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span><span style="color: #000000;"> result: </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">如果在说明url和code已经生成了</span> result[group_id][<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">codes</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">].append(code) result[group_id][</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">urls</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">].append(url) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">else</span><span style="color: #000000;">: </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">如果不在就添加进去</span> result[group_id] =<span style="color: #000000;">{ </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">codes</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:[code,], </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">urls</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">:[url] } </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print(result)</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">吧所有权限中的url字典放到session中</span> request.session[settings.PERMISSION_URL_DICT_KEY] =<span style="color: #000000;"> result </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> # 打印的结果如下</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> result = {</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 1: {</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "codes": ["list", "add", "del", "edit"]</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "urls": [</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "/userinfo/",</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "/userinfo/add" ,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "/userinfo/del(d+)/ ",</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "/userinfo/edit(d+)/ ",</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ]</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> },</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 2: {</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "codes": {"list", "add", "del", "edit"}</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "urls": [</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "/order",</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "/order/add" ,</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "/order/del(d+)/ ",</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> "/order/edit(d+)/ ",</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> ]</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> }</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> }</span></pre>
五、中间件
- 在setting里设置白名单(不用权限就可以访问)
#白名单 VALID_URL = [ "/login/", "/admin.*/", "/index/" ]# ====rabc
PERMISSION_URL_DICT_KEY="permissions_url_dict"
PERMISSION_MENU_KEY = "menu_list"
MIDDLEWARE = [ 'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', 'rbac.middlewears.rbac.Middle', ]
- 获取当前的url请求
- 获取session保存的权限信息
- 循环url进行正则匹配,如果匹配成功就有权访问,不成功就无法访问
用中间件的时候记得要在settings里面配置一下:
#!usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import re from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect from django.conf import settings class MiddlewareMixin(object): def __init__(self, get_response=None): self.get_response = get_response super(MiddlewareMixin, self).__init__()</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span> <span style="color: #800080;">__call__</span><span style="color: #000000;">(self, request): response </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> None </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> hasattr(self, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">process_request</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">): response </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> self.process_request(request) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">not</span><span style="color: #000000;"> response: response </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> self.get_response(request) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> hasattr(self, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">process_response</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">): response </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> self.process_response(request, response) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span><span style="color: #000000;"> response
class Middle(MiddlewareMixin):
def process_request(self,request):
#获取当前的url请求
current_url = request.path_info #拿到当前的路径
# print(request.path,current_url)
#获取Session中保存当前用户的权限,
# request.session.get("permissions_url_list")
# 如果当前的路径和session里面保存的url一样就break了,如果不一样就说明无权访问
for url in settings.VALID_URL:
# print(url,current_url)
if re.match(url,current_url):
return None #如果url是表名单白名单里面的,就让直接走后面的permission_dict </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> request.session.get(settings.PERMISSION_URL_DICT_KEY) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">在初始化的时候把url以字典的显示存在了session里面,现在获取的也就是一个字典了</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print("==========",permission_dict)</span> flag =<span style="color: #000000;"> False </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> group_id,code_url <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span><span style="color: #000000;"> permission_dict.items(): </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span> url <span style="color: #0000ff;">in</span> code_url[<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">urls</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">]: regax </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">^{0}$</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">.format(url) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> print(regax,current_url)</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span><span style="color: #000000;"> re.match(regax,current_url): </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">match只要是..开头的都能匹配到,多以的加个^和$符</span> request.permission_code_list=code_url[<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">codes</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">] flag </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> True </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">break</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> flag: <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">跳出外层循环</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">break</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">if</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">not</span><span style="color: #000000;"> flag: </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> HttpResponse(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">无权访问</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">) </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> process_response(self,request,response): </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> response</pre>