一、ModelForm的介绍
ModelForm a. class Meta: model, # 对应Model的 fields=None, # 字段 exclude=None, # 排除字段 labels=None, # 提示信息 help_texts=None, # 帮助提示信息 widgets=None, # 自定义插件 error_messages=None, # 自定义错误信息(整体错误信息from django.core.exceptions import NON_FIELD_ERRORS) field_classes=None # 自定义字段类 (也可以自定义字段) localized_fields=('birth_date',) # 本地化,如:根据不同时区显示数据 如: 数据库中 2016-12-27 04:10:57 setting中的配置 TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' USE_TZ = True 则显示: 2016-12-27 12:10:57 b. 验证执行过程 is_valid -> full_clean -> 钩子 -> 整体错误f. 用于更新和初始化 obj = model.tb.objects.get(id=1) model_form_obj = XXOOModelForm(request.POST,instance=obj) ...c. 字典字段验证 </span><span style="color: #0000ff;">def</span><span style="color: #000000;"> clean_字段名(self): </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 可以抛出异常</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">return</span> <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">新值</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;"> d. 用于验证 model_form_obj </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> XXOOModelForm() model_form_obj.is_valid() model_form_obj.errors.as_json() model_form_obj.clean() model_form_obj.cleaned_data e. 用于创建 model_form_obj </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> XXOOModelForm(request.POST) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">### 页面显示,并提交 #####</span> <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 默认保存多对多</span> obj = form.save(commit=<span style="color: #000000;">True) </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 不做任何操作,内部定义 save_m2m(用于保存多对多)</span> obj = form.save(commit=<span style="color: #000000;">False) obj.save() </span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 保存单表信息</span> obj.save_m2m() <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 保存关联多对多信息</span>
PS: 单纯初始化 model_form_obj </span>= XXOOModelForm(initial={...})</pre>
应用场景:
- ModelForm - 中小型应用程序。因为ModelForm是依赖于models的
- Form - 大型应用程序 *
注意事项:
注意事项: - 1. 类 class Foo(ModelForm): class Meta: # model = models.Role # fields = "__all__" # fields = ['caption',] # exclude = ['catpion'] model = models.UserType fields = "__all__"error_messages </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> { </span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>:{<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">required</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">名称不能为空</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>,<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">invalid</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">格式错误</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">} } widgets </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> { </span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>:wd.TextInput(attrs={<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">class</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">c1</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">}) } </span>- 2<span style="color: #000000;">. 添加 GET: form </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> Foo() POST: form </span>= Foo(data=<span style="color: #000000;">request.POST) form.is_valid() form.cleaned_data form.erros form.save() </span>- 3<span style="color: #000000;">. 修改 GET: form </span>= Foo(instance=<span style="color: #000000;">obj) POST: form </span>= Foo(instance=obj,dat=<span style="color: #000000;">request.POST) ... form.save() </span></pre>
二、表结构
from django.db import models# Create your models here.
class UserInfo (models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
email = models.EmailField(max_length=32)
ut = models.ForeignKey("UserType")class UserType (models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
roles = models.ManyToManyField(to="Roles")
def str(self):
return self.titleclass Roles(models.Model):
caption = models.CharField(max_length=32)
def str(self):
return self.caption
三、基于Form组件的添加和编辑
添加:这只是单表的添加
from django.forms import Form, fields,widgets,ModelForm from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,HttpResponse from app01 import models # Create your views here. class RoleForm(Form): '''利用Form''' caption = fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={"required":True})def role(request):
role_obj = models.Roles.objects.all()
print(role_obj)
return render(request, "role.html",{"role_obj":role_obj})# 基于Form实现的
def role_add(request):
'''添加角色'''
if request.method=="GET":
form = RoleForm()
return render(request,"role_add.html",{"form":form})
else:
form = RoleForm(data=request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
print("zzzzz")
caption = form.cleaned_data.get("caption")
models.Roles.objects.create(caption=caption)
# models.Roles.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data)
return redirect("/role/")
else:
return render(request,"role_add.html",{"form":form})
编辑:单表的编辑
#基于Form实现的编辑 def role_edit(request,nid): obj = models.Roles.objects.filter(id=nid).first() print(obj.caption) if not obj : return HttpResponse("页面不存在") if request.method=="GET": form = RoleForm(initial={"caption":obj.caption}) #编辑的时候需要一个instance,让instance=一个你要编辑的那个对象 else: form = RoleForm(data = request.POST) if form.is_valid(): models.Roles.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**form.cleaned_data) return redirect("/role/") return render(request,"role_edit.html",{"form":form})
具体基于Form组件实现的一对多添加或者多对多添加编辑详见博客http://www.cnblogs.com/haiyan123/p/7816877.html
四、基于ModelForm的添加和编辑
添加:单表的添加
# 基于ModelForm的添加 class RoleModelForm(ModelForm): class Meta: #这个类必须写,而且名字必须是这个 model = models.Roles #这个model也是固定的,注意不加s, fields = "__all__" #代表所有的字段,但是你也可以指定单个的字段def role_add(request):
if request.method == "GET":
form = RoleModelForm()
return render(request,"role_add.html",{"form":form})
else:
form = RoleModelForm(data=request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save() #这里直接可以用save方法,就把数据创建了
return redirect("/role/")
else:
return render(request,"role_add.html",{"form":form})
添加:多对多的添加,一堆多的提添加也是一样
# 多对多的添加 def usertype(request): user_type_list = models.UserType.objects.all() return render(request,"usertype.html",{'user_type_list':user_type_list})class UserTypeModelForm(ModelForm):
title = fields.CharField(max_length=6,required=True,widget=widgets.Textarea) #这个字段是临时添加的,
# 也就是说modelForm也可以用Form的方式。
# 也可以以这样的方式新增字段, 如果有就覆盖,没有就增加;像现在这种情况就是吧下面的给覆盖了,当然没有上面的这个就用下面的了<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Meta: model </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> models.UserType fields </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">__all__</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;"> error_messages </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> { </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:{<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">required</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">用户名不能为空</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">invalid</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">邮箱格式不一致</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">} } widgets </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> { </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:widgets.TextInput(attrs={<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">class</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c1</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">}) }
def usertype_add(request):
'''多对多的添加'''
if request.method=="GET":
modelform = UserTypeModelForm()
return render(request,"usertype_add.html",{"modelform":modelform})
else:
modelform = UserTypeModelForm(data=request.POST)
if modelform.is_valid():
modelform.save() #也可以用save来实现,就连关系表的字段也都添加了
return redirect("/usertype/")
else:
return render(request, "usertype_add.html", {"modelform": modelform})
编辑:单表的编辑
# 基于modelForm实现的编辑 def role_edit(request,nid): obj = models.Roles.objects.filter(id=nid).first() if not obj : return HttpResponse("页面不存在") if request.method=="GET": form = RoleModelForm(instance=obj) #编辑的时候需要一个instance,让instance=一个你要编辑的那个对象 else: form = RoleModelForm(data = request.POST,instance=obj) if form.is_valid: form.save() return redirect("/role/") return render(request,"role_edit.html",{"form":form})
编辑:多对多的编辑
# 多对多的编辑 def usertype(request): user_type_list = models.UserType.objects.all() return render(request,"usertype.html",{'user_type_list':user_type_list})class UserTypeModelForm(ModelForm):
title = fields.CharField(max_length=6,required=True,widget=widgets.Textarea) #这个字段是临时添加的,
# 也就是说modelForm也可以用Form的方式。
# 也可以以这样的方式新增字段, 如果有就覆盖,没有就增加;像现在这种情况就是吧下面的给覆盖了,当然没有上面的这个就用下面的了<span style="color: #0000ff;">class</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Meta: model </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> models.UserType fields </span>= <span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">__all__</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;"> error_messages </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> { </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:{<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">required</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">用户名不能为空</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">invalid</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">邮箱格式不一致</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">} } widgets </span>=<span style="color: #000000;"> { </span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">title</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:widgets.TextInput(attrs={<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">class</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>:<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">c1</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">}) }
def usertype_edit(request,nid):
#查出当前类型用户对应的角色
obj = models.UserType.objects.filter(id =nid).first()
if not obj:
return HttpResponse("页面不存在")
if request.method =="GET":
form = UserTypeModelForm(instance=obj)
return render(request,"usertype_edit.html",{"form":form})
else:
form = UserTypeModelForm(instance=obj,data=request.POST)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect("/usertype/")
return render(request,"usertype_edit.html",{"form":form})