在之前的文章中我
推荐过使用oracle-validated RPM包来简化OEL 5上Oracle DB/RDBMS Server软件的安装准备工作， 而在OEL 6之后的Oracle Linux中一直没有oracle-validated RPM可用，直到最近Oracle Linux官方释出了oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall RPM包，该oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall package专门为Oracle Linux 6设计，辅助加速Oracle Database软件的安装。
我们可以访问
Unbreakable Linux Network 或者
Oracle public yum repository 获得该preinstall package RPM，这里我们介绍一下public yum的使用方法：
[root@vrh6 ~]# uname -a
Linux vrh6 2.6.32-300.3.1.el6uek.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Dec 9 18:57:35 EST 2011 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@vrh6 ~]# cat /etc/issue
Oracle Linux Server release 6.2
Kernel r on an m
www.oracledatabase12g.com
su - root
[root@vrh6 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@vrh6 yum.repos.d]# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo
--2012-04-02 07:52:31-- http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol6.repo
Resolving public-yum.oracle.com... 141.146.44.34
Connecting to public-yum.oracle.com|141.146.44.34|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 1461 (1.4K) [text/plain]
Saving to: “public-yum-ol6.repo”
100%[==============================================================================================================================>] 1,461 --.-K/s in 0.003s
2012-04-02 07:52:32 (536 KB/s) - “public-yum-ol6.repo” saved [1461/1461]
[root@vrh6 yum.repos.d]# cat public-yum-ol6.repo
[ol6_latest]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Latest ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/latest/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
[ol6_ga_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever GA installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/0/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
[ol6_u1_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 1 installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/1/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
[ol6_u2_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 2 installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/2/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
[ol6_UEK_latest]
name=Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/latest/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
[ol6_UEK_base]
name=Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
[root@vrh6 yum.repos.d]# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
Loaded plugins: security
ol6_latest | 1.1 kB 00:00
ol6_latest/primary | 15 MB 01:07
ol6_latest 14723/14723
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-3.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-utils for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: gcc-c++ for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: gcc for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: compat-libstdc++-33 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: xorg-x11-xauth for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: ksh for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: compat-libcap1 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-1 will be installed
---> Package compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-69.el6 will be installed
---> Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.6-3.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.4.6-3.el6 for package: gcc-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: cloog-ppl >= 0.15 for package: gcc-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64
---> Package gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.6-3.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libmpfr.so.1()(64bit) for package: gcc-c++-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64
---> Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.47.el6_2.9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.12-1.47.el6_2.9 for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.47.el6_2.9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.12-1.47.el6_2.9 for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.47.el6_2.9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.12-1.47.el6_2.9.x86_64
---> Package ksh.x86_64 0:20100621-12.el6_2.1 will be installed
---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6 will be installed
---> Package libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.6-3.el6 will be installed
---> Package xorg-x11-utils.x86_64 0:7.4-8.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libXxf86misc.so.1()(64bit) for package: xorg-x11-utils-7.4-8.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libdmx.so.1()(64bit) for package: xorg-x11-utils-7.4-8.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXmuu.so.1()(64bit) for package: xorg-x11-utils-7.4-8.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libXxf86dga.so.1()(64bit) for package: xorg-x11-utils-7.4-8.el6.x86_64
---> Package xorg-x11-xauth.x86_64 1:1.0.2-7.1.el6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libppl_c.so.2()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libppl.so.7()(64bit) for package: cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64
---> Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.6-3.el6 will be installed
---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.47.el6 will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: glibc = 2.12-1.47.el6 for package: glibc-common-2.12-1.47.el6.x86_64
---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.47.el6_2.9 will be an update
---> Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.47.el6_2.9 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.47.el6_2.9.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers-2.12-1.47.el6_2.9.x86_64
---> Package libXmu.x86_64 0:1.0.5-1.el6 will be installed
---> Package libXxf86dga.x86_64 0:1.1.1-1.el6 will be installed
---> Package libXxf86misc.x86_64 0:1.0.2-1.el6 will be installed
---> Package libdmx.x86_64 0:1.1.0-1.el6 will be installed
---> Package mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.47.el6 will be updated
---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.47.el6_2.9 will be an update
---> Package kernel-uek-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-300.11.1.el6uek will be installed
---> Package ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
========================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
========================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall x86_64 1.0-3.el6 ol6_latest 15 k
Installing for dependencies:
cloog-ppl x86_64 0.15.7-1.2.el6 ol6_latest 93 k
compat-libcap1 x86_64 1.10-1 ol6_latest 17 k
compat-libstdc++-33 x86_64 3.2.3-69.el6 ol6_latest 183 k
cpp x86_64 4.4.6-3.el6 ol6_latest 3.7 M
gcc x86_64 4.4.6-3.el6 ol6_latest 10 M
gcc-c++ x86_64 4.4.6-3.el6 ol6_latest 4.7 M
glibc-devel x86_64 2.12-1.47.el6_2.9 ol6_latest 966 k
glibc-headers x86_64 2.12-1.47.el6_2.9 ol6_latest 597 k
kernel-uek-headers x86_64 2.6.32-300.11.1.el6uek ol6_latest 702 k
ksh x86_64 20100621-12.el6_2.1 ol6_latest 683 k
libXmu x86_64 1.0.5-1.el6 ol6_latest 58 k
libXxf86dga x86_64 1.1.1-1.el6 ol6_latest 21 k
libXxf86misc x86_64 1.0.2-1.el6 ol6_latest 15 k
libaio-devel x86_64 0.3.107-10.el6 ol6_latest 13 k
libdmx x86_64 1.1.0-1.el6 ol6_latest 16 k
libstdc++-devel x86_64 4.4.6-3.el6 ol6_latest 1.5 M
mpfr x86_64 2.4.1-6.el6 ol6_latest 156 k
ppl x86_64 0.10.2-11.el6 ol6_latest 1.3 M
xorg-x11-utils x86_64 7.4-8.el6 ol6_latest 87 k
xorg-x11-xauth x86_64 1:1.0.2-7.1.el6 ol6_latest 34 k
Updating for dependencies:
glibc x86_64 2.12-1.47.el6_2.9 ol6_latest 3.8 M
glibc-common x86_64 2.12-1.47.el6_2.9 ol6_latest 14 M
Transaction Summary
========================================================================================================================================================================
Install 21 Package(s)
Upgrade 2 Package(s)
Total download size: 43 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/23): cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64.rpm | 93 kB 00:01
(2/23): compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64.rpm | 17 kB 00:00
(3/23): compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64.rpm | 183 kB 00:01
(4/23): cpp-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm | 3.7 MB 00:28
(5/23): gcc-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm | 10 MB 00:57
(6/23): gcc-c++-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm | 4.7 MB 00:29
(7/23): glibc-2.12-1.47.el6_2.9.x86_64.rpm | 3.8 MB 00:19
(8/23): glibc-common-2.12-1.47.el6_2.9.x86_64.rpm | 14 MB 01:13
(9/23): glibc-devel-2.12-1.47.el6_2.9.x86_64.rpm | 966 kB 00:10
(10/23): glibc-headers-2.12-1.47.el6_2.9.x86_64.rpm | 597 kB 00:03
(11/23): kernel-uek-headers-2.6.32-300.11.1.el6uek.x86_64.rpm | 702 kB 00:03
(12/23): ksh-20100621-12.el6_2.1.x86_64.rpm | 683 kB 00:03
(13/23): libXmu-1.0.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 58 kB 00:00
(14/23): libXxf86dga-1.1.1-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 21 kB 00:00
(15/23): libXxf86misc-1.0.2-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 15 kB 00:00
(16/23): libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm | 13 kB 00:00
(17/23): libdmx-1.1.0-1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 16 kB 00:00
(18/23): libstdc++-devel-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64.rpm | 1.5 MB 00:08
(19/23): mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64.rpm | 156 kB 00:01
(20/23): oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64.rpm | 15 kB 00:00
(21/23): ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64.rpm | 1.3 MB 00:07
(22/23): xorg-x11-utils-7.4-8.el6.x86_64.rpm | 87 kB 00:00
(23/23): xorg-x11-xauth-1.0.2-7.1.el6.x86_64.rpm | 34 kB 00:00
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 166 kB/s | 43 MB 04:23
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Retrieving key from http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
Importing GPG key 0xEC551F03:
Userid: "Oracle OSS group (Open Source Software group) <build@oss.oracle.com>"
From : http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Updating : glibc-common-2.12-1.47.el6_2.9.x86_64 1/25
Updating : glibc-2.12-1.47.el6_2.9.x86_64 2/25
Installing : mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64 3/25
Installing : libXmu-1.0.5-1.el6.x86_64 4/25
Installing : libstdc++-devel-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64 5/25
Installing : 1:xorg-x11-xauth-1.0.2-7.1.el6.x86_64 6/25
Installing : cpp-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64 7/25
Installing : compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64 8/25
Installing : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64 9/25
Installing : libXxf86dga-1.1.1-1.el6.x86_64 10/25
Installing : libXxf86misc-1.0.2-1.el6.x86_64 11/25
Installing : libdmx-1.1.0-1.el6.x86_64 12/25
Installing : xorg-x11-utils-7.4-8.el6.x86_64 13/25
Installing : ppl-0.10.2-11.el6.x86_64 14/25
Installing : cloog-ppl-0.15.7-1.2.el6.x86_64 15/25
Installing : ksh-20100621-12.el6_2.1.x86_64 16/25
Installing : kernel-uek-headers-2.6.32-300.11.1.el6uek.x86_64 17/25
Installing : glibc-headers-2.12-1.47.el6_2.9.x86_64 18/25
Installing : glibc-devel-2.12-1.47.el6_2.9.x86_64 19/25
Installing : gcc-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64 20/25
Installing : gcc-c++-4.4.6-3.el6.x86_64 21/25
Installing : libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64 22/25
Installing : oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-3.el6.x86_64 23/25
Cleanup : glibc-common-2.12-1.47.el6.x86_64 24/25
Cleanup : glibc-2.12-1.47.el6.x86_64 25/25
Installed:
oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-3.el6
Dependency Installed:
cloog-ppl.x86_64 0:0.15.7-1.2.el6 compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-1 compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-69.el6
cpp.x86_64 0:4.4.6-3.el6 gcc.x86_64 0:4.4.6-3.el6 gcc-c++.x86_64 0:4.4.6-3.el6
glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.12-1.47.el6_2.9 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.12-1.47.el6_2.9 kernel-uek-headers.x86_64 0:2.6.32-300.11.1.el6uek
ksh.x86_64 0:20100621-12.el6_2.1 libXmu.x86_64 0:1.0.5-1.el6 libXxf86dga.x86_64 0:1.1.1-1.el6
libXxf86misc.x86_64 0:1.0.2-1.el6 libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.107-10.el6 libdmx.x86_64 0:1.1.0-1.el6
libstdc++-devel.x86_64 0:4.4.6-3.el6 mpfr.x86_64 0:2.4.1-6.el6 ppl.x86_64 0:0.10.2-11.el6
xorg-x11-utils.x86_64 0:7.4-8.el6 xorg-x11-xauth.x86_64 1:1.0.2-7.1.el6
Dependency Updated:
glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.47.el6_2.9 glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.47.el6_2.9
Complete!
注意该oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall目前只有x86-64位的版本，即在x86的Oracle Linux 6上不可用。
与oracle-validated RPM类似，oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall会为我们完成以下工作：
1. 从oracle Public YUM上下载并安装多个特定的软件包并保证其为指定的版本(如以上示例)，这些软件包software package是安装Oracle DB/RDBMS Server 11gR2数据库软件的先决条件之一
2. 创建 oracle OS用户user，以及 oinstall 和 dba 用户组group
3. 修改/etc/sysctl.conf配置文件中的内核参数，以保证oracle instance实例可以健康运行
安装完成后的 /etc/sysctl.conf 内容如下：
[root@vrh6 yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf
# Kernel sysctl configuration file for Red Hat Linux
#
# For binary values, 0 is disabled, 1 is enabled. See sysctl(8) and
# sysctl.conf(5) for more details.
# Controls IP packet forwarding
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0
# Controls source route verification
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 1
# Do not accept source routing
net.ipv4.conf.default.accept_source_route = 0
# Controls the System Request debugging functionality of the kernel
kernel.sysrq = 0
# Controls whether core dumps will append the PID to the core filename.
# Useful for debugging multi-threaded applications.
kernel.core_uses_pid = 1
# Controls the use of TCP syncookies
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
# Disable netfilter on bridges.
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0
# Controls the maximum size of a message, in bytes
kernel.msgmnb = 65536
# Controls the default maxmimum size of a mesage queue
kernel.msgmax = 65536
# Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes
# Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages
# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for fs.file-max is 6815744
fs.file-max = 6815744
# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.sem is '250 32000 100 128'
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmmni is 4096
kernel.shmmni = 4096
# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmall is 1073741824
kernel.shmall = 1073741824
# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for kernel.shmmax is 4398046511104 on x86_64
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.core.rmem_default is 262144
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.core.rmem_max is 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.core.wmem_default is 262144
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.core.wmem_max is 1048576
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for fs.aio-max-nr is 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range is 9000 65500
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
4. 修改/etc/security/limits.conf配置文件 保证 oracle用户的shell soft/hard limit，例如nofile、stack等参数足够， 以符合Oracle 11gR2的安装要求
安装完成后的 /etc/security/limits.conf内容如下：
# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nofile soft limit is 1024
oracle soft nofile 1024
# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nofile hard limit is 65536
oracle hard nofile 65536
# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nproc soft limit is 2047
oracle soft nproc 2047
# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for nproc hard limit is 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for stack soft limit is 10240KB
oracle soft stack 10240
# oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall setting for stack hard limit is 10240KB
oracle hard stack 32768
5. 为 x86-64的服务器设置kernel boot 内核启动参数numa=off ，关闭numa功能：
[root@vrh6 ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg.
# root (hd0,0)
# kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_vrh6-lv_root
# initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title Oracle Linux Server-uek (2.6.32-300.3.1.el6uek.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-300.3.1.el6uek.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_vrh6-lv_root rd_LVM_LV=vg_vrh6/lv_swap rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD quiet SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 rhgb rd_LVM_LV=vg_vrh6/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM
numa=off
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-300.3.1.el6uek.x86_64.img
title Oracle Linux Server (2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_vrh6-lv_root rd_LVM_LV=vg_vrh6/lv_swap rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD quiet SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 rhgb crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=vg_vrh6/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM numa=off
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64.img