Intellij Idea通过Maven创建Spring MVC项目以及出错的解决办法[图]

尝试使用eclipse创建dynamic web的方式去创建一个spring mvc项目以失败结束。

主要原因：eclipse在国内安装spring tool插件非常慢，花了两个小时，还安装失败。

 序曲：2020年2月21日整晚通宵至2020年2月22日早上六点，然后22日晚上又花了5个小时，终于解决这个烦人的问题。

注意事项：tomcat与spring与jdk的各种版本匹配问题。自行百度。

OS:Windows 10 1809

Idea:2019.3.3

JDK:1.8_221

Tomcat:9.0.031

MAVEN:3.6.3

Spring:5.2.0(详见pom.xml配置文件)

于是改用idea.

1. Idea新建maven项目。前提，java和maven已在电脑上安装并配置好。

2.在src/main/java新建一个包com.qa和一个文件夹resource.

3.右键->maek directory as,com.qa为sources root, resource文件夹为resources root.注意source和resource是不一样的。

4.Idea->Setting->Build,Execution,Deployment->Build Tool->Maven->Import

5. pom.xml配置文件内容。以下是经过测试正确的。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>org.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>SpringMVC20</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>SpringMVC20 Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>4.0.1</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.3.3</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
      <type>pom</type>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.12</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.2.0.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>SpringMVC20</finalName>
    <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>

        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
          <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.2</version>
          <configuration>
            <port>8080</port>
            <path>/</path>
            <uriEncoding>utf-8</uriEncoding>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

6.spring.xml配置文件的内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">


    <context:annotation-config/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.qa">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
        <property name="prefix" value="/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

7.改写web.xml

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

8.hello.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>不错，来了！</h1>
<h1>This is hello_jsp</h1>
</body>
</html>

9.index.jsp

<html>
<body>
<h1>Hello Spring of 2020.Feb.22</h1>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
<a href="hello">go to hello</a>
</body>
</html>

10.Hello.java

package com.qa;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
//import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

//import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

@Controller

public class Hello {
//    @RequestMapping(value = "/index", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @RequestMapping("/hello")
    public String index() {
        System.out.println("==========================");
        System.out.println("HELLO JAVA");
        return "hello";
    }
}

11.整体目录结构

12.Idea配置tomcat.

如果打开没有Tomcat Server,就点击上面的“+”号，然后选择local。

13.当出现下面的java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/jsp/jstl/core/Config错误，这是因为我的pom.xml文件里面没有正确引入jstl包

Type Exception Report

Message Handler processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/jsp/jstl/core/Config

Description The server encountered an unexpected condition that prevented it from fulfilling the request.

Exception
org.springframework.web.util.NestedServletException: Handler processing failed; nested exception is java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/jsp/jstl/core/Config
	org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1063)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:943)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1006)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:898)
	javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:634)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:883)
	javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:741)
	org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53)


Root Cause
java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/jsp/jstl/core/Config
	org.springframework.web.servlet.support.JstlUtils.exposeLocalizationContext(JstlUtils.java:103)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView.exposeHelpers(JstlView.java:137)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceView.renderMergedOutputModel(InternalResourceView.java:145)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractView.render(AbstractView.java:317)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.render(DispatcherServlet.java:1373)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.processDispatchResult(DispatcherServlet.java:1118)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1057)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:943)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1006)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:898)
	javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:634)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:883)
	javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:741)
	org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53)


Root Cause
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.servlet.jsp.jstl.core.Config
	org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1365)
	org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoaderBase.loadClass(WebappClassLoaderBase.java:1188)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.support.JstlUtils.exposeLocalizationContext(JstlUtils.java:103)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView.exposeHelpers(JstlView.java:137)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceView.renderMergedOutputModel(InternalResourceView.java:145)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractView.render(AbstractView.java:317)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.render(DispatcherServlet.java:1373)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.processDispatchResult(DispatcherServlet.java:1118)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1057)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:943)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1006)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:898)
	javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:634)
	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:883)
	javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:741)
	org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:53)


Note The full stack trace of the root cause is available in the server logs.

14.这是maven的pom.xml错误的包

15.这是正确的jstl包

16.运行结果正确。

17.如何运行

参考：

https://blog.csdn.net/yangshuaionline/article/details/90379763

这个帖子给了我很大帮助。

后记：

2020年2月22日晚11点 农历2020年正月二九 上海 晴但很冷，气温大概13摄氏度。