Navicat工具及pymysql模块

Navicat的使用

需要掌握的：
# 1.测试+链接数据库
# 2.新建库
# 3.新建表，新增字段+类型+约束
# 4.设计表，添加外键
# 5.新建查询
# 6.建立表模型

# 注意：
批量加注释：ctrl+？
批量去注释：ctrl+shift+？

导入.sql文件

# 1.新建.sql文件，保存到桌面
# 2.打开navicat新建数据库，选中新建的数据库鼠标右键选择运行SQL文件
# 3.弹出文件框，选中刚刚保存到桌面的.sql文件即可

快速建表

# 准备表、记录 >>> 命令行
mysql> create database db1;
mssql> use db1;
mysql> source /root.init.sql

#navicat建表

练习题

/*
 数据导入：
 Navicat Premium Data Transfer

 Source Server         : localhost
 Source Server Type    : MySQL
 Source Server Version : 50624
 Source Host           : localhost
 Source Database       : sqlexam

 Target Server Type    : MySQL
 Target Server Version : 50624
 File Encoding         : utf-8

 Date: 10/21/2016 06:46:46 AM
*/

SET NAMES utf8;
SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 0;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `class`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `class`;
CREATE TABLE `class` (
  `cid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `caption` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`cid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `class`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `class` VALUES ('1', '三年二班'), ('2', '三年三班'), ('3', '一年二班'), ('4', '二年九班');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `course`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `course`;
CREATE TABLE `course` (
  `cid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `cname` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
  `teacher_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`cid`),
  KEY `fk_course_teacher` (`teacher_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_course_teacher` FOREIGN KEY (`teacher_id`) REFERENCES `teacher` (`tid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `course`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `course` VALUES ('1', '生物', '1'), ('2', '物理', '2'), ('3', '体育', '3'), ('4', '美术', '2');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `score`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `score`;
CREATE TABLE `score` (
  `sid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `student_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `course_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `num` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`sid`),
  KEY `fk_score_student` (`student_id`),
  KEY `fk_score_course` (`course_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_score_course` FOREIGN KEY (`course_id`) REFERENCES `course` (`cid`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_score_student` FOREIGN KEY (`student_id`) REFERENCES `student` (`sid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=53 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `score`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `score` VALUES ('1', '1', '1', '10'), ('2', '1', '2', '9'), ('5', '1', '4', '66'), ('6', '2', '1', '8'), ('8', '2', '3', '68'), ('9', '2', '4', '99'), ('10', '3', '1', '77'), ('11', '3', '2', '66'), ('12', '3', '3', '87'), ('13', '3', '4', '99'), ('14', '4', '1', '79'), ('15', '4', '2', '11'), ('16', '4', '3', '67'), ('17', '4', '4', '100'), ('18', '5', '1', '79'), ('19', '5', '2', '11'), ('20', '5', '3', '67'), ('21', '5', '4', '100'), ('22', '6', '1', '9'), ('23', '6', '2', '100'), ('24', '6', '3', '67'), ('25', '6', '4', '100'), ('26', '7', '1', '9'), ('27', '7', '2', '100'), ('28', '7', '3', '67'), ('29', '7', '4', '88'), ('30', '8', '1', '9'), ('31', '8', '2', '100'), ('32', '8', '3', '67'), ('33', '8', '4', '88'), ('34', '9', '1', '91'), ('35', '9', '2', '88'), ('36', '9', '3', '67'), ('37', '9', '4', '22'), ('38', '10', '1', '90'), ('39', '10', '2', '77'), ('40', '10', '3', '43'), ('41', '10', '4', '87'), ('42', '11', '1', '90'), ('43', '11', '2', '77'), ('44', '11', '3', '43'), ('45', '11', '4', '87'), ('46', '12', '1', '90'), ('47', '12', '2', '77'), ('48', '12', '3', '43'), ('49', '12', '4', '87'), ('52', '13', '3', '87');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `student`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;
CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `sid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `gender` char(1) NOT NULL,
  `class_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `sname` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`sid`),
  KEY `fk_class` (`class_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `fk_class` FOREIGN KEY (`class_id`) REFERENCES `class` (`cid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=17 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `student`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `student` VALUES ('1', '男', '1', '理解'), ('2', '女', '1', '钢蛋'), ('3', '男', '1', '张三'), ('4', '男', '1', '张一'), ('5', '女', '1', '张二'), ('6', '男', '1', '张四'), ('7', '女', '2', '铁锤'), ('8', '男', '2', '李三'), ('9', '男', '2', '李一'), ('10', '女', '2', '李二'), ('11', '男', '2', '李四'), ('12', '女', '3', '如花'), ('13', '男', '3', '刘三'), ('14', '男', '3', '刘一'), ('15', '女', '3', '刘二'), ('16', '男', '3', '刘四');
COMMIT;

-- ----------------------------
--  Table structure for `teacher`
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `teacher`;
CREATE TABLE `teacher` (
  `tid` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `tname` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`tid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

-- ----------------------------
--  Records of `teacher`
-- ----------------------------
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO `teacher` VALUES ('1', '张磊老师'), ('2', '李平老师'), ('3', '刘海燕老师'), ('4', '朱云海老师'), ('5', '李杰老师');
COMMIT;

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

1、查询所有的课程的名称以及对应的任课老师姓名
4、查询平均成绩大于八十分的同学的姓名和平均成绩
7、 查询没有报李平老师课的学生姓名
8、 查询没有同时选修物理课程和体育课程的学生姓名
9、 查询挂科超过两门(包括两门)的学生姓名和班级
# 参考答案
#1、查询所有的课程的名称以及对应的任课老师姓名
SELECT
    course.cname,
    teacher.tname
FROM
    course
INNER JOIN teacher ON course.teacher_id = teacher.tid;
#4、查询平均成绩大于八十分的同学的姓名和平均成绩
SELECT
    student.sname,
    t1.avg_num
FROM
    student
INNER JOIN (
    SELECT
        student_id,
        avg(num) AS avg_num
    FROM
        score
    GROUP BY
        student_id
    HAVING
        avg(num) > 80
) AS t1 ON student.sid = t1.student_id;
#7、 查询没有报李平老师课的学生姓名(找出报名李平老师课程的学生，然后取反就可以)
SELECT
    student.sname
FROM
    student
WHERE
    sid NOT IN (
        SELECT DISTINCT
            student_id
        FROM
            score
        WHERE
            course_id IN (
                SELECT
                    course.cid
                FROM
                    course
                INNER JOIN teacher ON course.teacher_id = teacher.tid
                WHERE
                    teacher.tname = '李平老师'
            )
    );
#8、 查询没有同时选修物理课程和体育课程的学生姓名(没有同时选修指的是选修了一门的，思路是得到物理+体育课程的学生信息表，然后基于学生分组，统计count(课程)=1)
SELECT
    student.sname
FROM
    student
WHERE
    sid IN (
        SELECT
            student_id
        FROM
            score
        WHERE
            course_id IN (
                SELECT
                    cid
                FROM
                    course
                WHERE
                    cname = '物理'
                OR cname = '体育'
            )
        GROUP BY
            student_id
        HAVING
            COUNT(course_id) = 1
    );

# 9、 查询挂科超过两门(包括两门)的学生姓名和班级
select student.sname,class.caption from class INNER JOIN student
	on class.cid = student.class_id
	WHERE student.sid in 
	(select student_id from score where num < 60
	GROUP BY student_id
	HAVING COUNT(course_id) >=2)
	;

pymysql模块

pymsql的使用

# 1.安装:pip3 install pymysql

# 2.代码链接
import pymysql
#链接
conn = pymysql.connect(
    host='127.0.0.1',
    port=3306,
	user='root',
	password='123'
	database='库名' # 要操作的库名
	charset='utf8')
# 游标
cursor = conn.cursor() # 执行完毕返回的结果集默认以元组显示
#cursor=conn.cursor(cursor=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)  # 以字典的方式显示数据

# 3.pymysql操作数据库
# 执行sql语句
user = input(">>>").strip()
pwd = input(">>>").strip()
sql = "select * from userinfo where name='%s' and password='%s'" %(user,pwd) # %sx需要加引号

res =cursor.execute(sql) # #执行sql语句，返回sql查询成功的记录数目
# 获取真实数据cursor.fetchone(),cursor.fetchall(),cursor.fetchmany(),类似管道取值，获取一条，所有，多条

cursor.scroll(1,'relative') # 相对移动,参考当前位置
cursor.scroll(3,'absolute') # 绝对移动，参照开始位置

cursor.close()
conn.close()

sql注入问题

# 不要手动去拼接查询的sql语句
username = input(">>>:").strip()
password = input(">>>:").strip()
sql = "select * from user where username='%s' and password='%s'"%(username,password)

# 用户名正确
username >>>: jason' -- jjsakfjjdkjjkjs
# 用户名密码都不对的情况
username >>>: xxx' or 1=1 --asdjkdklqwjdjkjasdljad
password >>>: ''
    
# 正确操作
sql = "insert into userinfo(name,password) values(%s,%s)"
res = cursor.execute(sql,(username,password)) # execute自动帮我们拼接

增删改

# 增
sql = "insert into user(username,password) values(%s,%s)"
rows = cursor.excute(sql,('jason','123'))

# 修改
sql = "update user set username='jasonDSB' where id=1"
rows = cursor.excute(sql)

"""
增和改单单执行excute并不会真正影响到数据，需要再执行conn.commit()才可以完成真正的增改 也可以在配置中加入autocommit = True自动完成提交
"""

# 一次插入多行记录
res = cursor,excutemany(sql,[(),(),()]