restframework之序列化

序列化

序列化用于对用户请求数据进行验证和数据进行序列化（为了解决queryset序列化问题）。

那什么是序列化呢？序列化就是把对象转换成字符串，反序列化就是把字符串转换成对象

Django 序列化

serialze 只能做序列化，

from django.core.serializers import serialize

publish_list=Publish.objects.all()

        #方式1： Django的序列化组件

        # ret=serialize("json",publish_list)

 

我们用postman 帮我们提交数据

 

restframework 序列化（不只做序列化，可以集成）

 

如果是浏览器就是看到这个页面，如果是其他ajax就显示数据

 

具体代码

一，#  自定义序列化组件

Serializers：

from rest_framework import serializers

#先把字段写出来

class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):

    title=serializers.CharField()

    price=serializers.CharField()

    publishDate=serializers.DateField()

 

    #   针对一对多

    publish=serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")

    publish_email=serializers.CharField(source="publish.email")

    #   针对多对多

    authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    def get_authors(self,obj):

        data=[]

        for i in obj.authors.all():

            temp=[]

            temp.append(i.pk)

            temp.append(i.name)

            data.append(temp)

        return data

 

 

 

class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):

    """

    PublishSerializers组件是一个集成功能组件，到底用什么功能，取决于调用什么接口

    """

    name=serializers.CharField()  # 普通字段

    city=serializers.CharField()

    # email=serializers.EmailField()

 

 

'''

ps=PublishSerializers(publish_list,many=True)

# 序列化数据

return Response(ps.data)

 

解析：

    data=[]

    for obj in publish_list:

        data.append({

            "name":obj.name,

            "city":obj.city,

            "email":obj.email,

            "publish":obj.publish.email,

             # if 字段是多对多字段：

             "authors":get_authors(obj)

 

 

        })

 

    self.data=data

 

 

'''

 

view：

from app01.models import *

from django.core.serializers import serialize

from rest_framework.views import  APIView

 

from app01.serializers import PublishSerializers,BookSerializers,AuthorSerializers

 

 

from rest_framework.response import Response  # 响应器

class PublishView(APIView):

 

    def get(self,request):

        publish_list=Publish.objects.all()

 

        #方式1： Django的序列化组件

        # ret=serialize("json",publish_list)

 

        # 方式2：rest的序列化

        ps=PublishSerializers(publish_list,many=True)# many=True：不仅仅是序列化queryset，还有model

        # 序列化数据

 

        return Response(ps.data)

 

    def post(self,request):

        pass

 

"""  "books"   GET:获取所有数据

            POST:添加一条数据

 

      "book/1"  GET:获取单条数据

            DELETE:删除一条数据

            PUT/PATCH:更新一条数据

 

""""

class BookView(APIView):

 

    def get(self, request):

        book_list = Book.objects.all()

 

        # 方式1： Django的序列化组件

        # ret=serialize("json",publish_list)

        # 方式2：rest的序列化

        bs = BookSerializers(book_list, many=True)# many=True：不仅仅是序列化queryset，还有model

        # 序列化数据

 

        return Response(bs.data)

 

    def post(self, request):

 

        # 添加一条数据

        print(request.data)

          # 添加数据

        bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data)

        if bs.is_valid(): #校验字段接口

            bs.save()  # 生成记录

            return Response(bs.data)# 序列化接口

        else:

 

            return Response(bs.errors)

 

class BookDetailView(APIView):

 

 

    def get(self,request,pk):

        book_obj=Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()

        bs=BookSerializers(book_obj,many=False)

 

        return Response(bs.data)

 

    def put(self,request,pk):

        book_obj = Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()

 

  # 更新数据

        bs=BookSerializers(data=request.data,instance=book_obj)

        if bs.is_valid():

            bs.save() # update

            return Response(bs.data)

        else:

            return Response(bs.errors)

 

    def delete(self,request,pk):

        Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()

 

        return Response("")

 

二， ModelSerializer  （不想写字段，可以直接继承）序列化组件

from app01.models import *

class PublishSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model=Publish

        exclude=("nid",)

 

from app01.models import *

class BookSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model=Book

        fields="__all__"

 

    # publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.name")

    # authors=serializers.SerializerMethodField()

    # def get_authors(self,obj):

    #     data=[]

    #     for i in obj.authors.all():

    #         temp=[]

    #         temp.append(i.pk)

    #         temp.append(i.name)

    #         data.append(temp)

    #     return data

 

 

class AuthorSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):

    class Meta:

        model=Author

        fields="__all__"

 

Model 部分：

class Course(models.Model):

    title=models.CharField(max_length=32)

 

from django.db import models

 

# Create your models here.

 

 

class Author(models.Model):

    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)

    name=models.CharField( max_length=32)

    age=models.IntegerField()

 

    # 与AuthorDetail建立一对一的关系

    authorDetail=models.OneToOneField(to="AuthorDetail",on_delete=models.CASCADE)

 

    def __str__(self):

        return self.name

 

class AuthorDetail(models.Model):

 

    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)

    birthday=models.DateField()

    telephone=models.BigIntegerField()

    addr=models.CharField( max_length=64)

 

    def __str__(self):

        return str(self.telephone)

 

class Publish(models.Model):

    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)

    name=models.CharField( max_length=32)

    city=models.CharField( max_length=32)

    email=models.EmailField()

 

    def __str__(self):

        return self.name

 

class Book(models.Model):

 

    nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)

    title = models.CharField( max_length=32)

    publishDate=models.DateField()

    price=models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2)

 

    # 与Publish建立一对多的关系,外键字段建立在多的一方

    publish=models.ForeignKey(to="Publish",to_field="nid",on_delete=models.CASCADE)

    # 与Author表建立多对多的关系,ManyToManyField可以建在两个模型中的任意一个，自动创建第三张表

    authors=models.ManyToManyField(to='Author',)

 

    def __str__(self):

        return self.title

 

 

url：

urlpatterns = [

    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),

 

    url(r'^login/$', views.LoginView.as_view()),

    url(r'^courses/$', views.CourseView.as_view()),

    url(r'^publishes/$', views.PublishView.as_view()),

    url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view()),

    url(r'^books/(?P<pk>d+)/$', views.BookDetailView.as_view()),

 

    url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorView.as_view()),

    url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>d+)/$', views.AuthorDetailView.as_view()),

]