开发一个项目时都会有一个蛋疼的问题——写数据库需求文档，然后根据这个文档来建数据库，如果后来需求改了，要改数据库还要改文档，有时忙着忙着就忘改了，导致文档是过期的。那么我们自己写个脚本在数据库运行直接生产数据字典，这样只要改数据库就行了。目前在网上搜了下，发现sqlServer只有2005的生成工具，没有08的，存储过程倒是有，不过下载运行一遍到处是坑，写的也太差了，于是对脚本进行改进。
-- =============================================
-- Author: <marlon>
-- Create date: <2017-11-13>
-- Description: <生成数据库字典>
-- =============================================
BEGIN
DECLARE @TableName nvarchar(35),@htmls varchar(8000)
DECLARE @字段名称 VARCHAR(200)
DECLARE @类型 VARCHAR(200)
DECLARE @长度 VARCHAR(200)
DECLARE @数值精度 VARCHAR(200)
DECLARE @小数位数 VARCHAR(200)
DECLARE @默认值 VARCHAR(200)
DECLARE @允许为空 VARCHAR(200)
DECLARE @外键 VARCHAR(200)
DECLARE @主键 VARCHAR(200)
DECLARE @描述 VARCHAR(200)
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE Tbls CURSOR
FOR
Select distinct Table_name
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
order by Table_name
OPEN Tbls
PRINT '<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">'
PRINT '<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">'
PRINT ' <head>'
PRINT ' <title>SqlServer数据字典</title>'
PRINT ' <style type="text/css">'
PRINT ' body{margin:0; font:11pt "arial", "微软雅黑"; cursor:default;}'
PRINT ' .titleHead{margin:0 auto;text-align:center;}'
PRINT ' .tableBox{margin:10px auto; padding:0px; 1000px; height:auto; background:#FBF5E3; border:1px solid #45360A}'
PRINT ' .tableBox h3 {font-size:12pt; height:30px; line-height:30px; background:#45360A; padding:0px 0px 0px 15px; color:#FFF; margin:0px; text-align:left }'
PRINT ' .tableBox table {1000px; padding:0px }'
PRINT ' .tableBox th {height:25px; border-top:1px solid #FFF; border-left:1px solid #FFF; background:#F7EBC8; border-right:1px solid #E0C889; border-bottom:1px solid #E0C889 }'
PRINT ' .tableBox td {height:25px; padding-left:10px; border-top:1px solid #FFF; border-left:1px solid #FFF; border-right:1px solid #E0C889; border-bottom:1px solid #E0C889 }'
PRINT ' .tableBox td {text-align:center}'
PRINT ' </style>'
PRINT ' </head>'
PRINT ' <body>'
PRINT ' <div class="titleHead">'
PRINT ' <h1>'+DB_NAME()+'数据字典</h1>'
PRINT ' </div>'
FETCH NEXT FROM Tbls INTO @TableName
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
set @htmls = ''
Select @htmls = ' <h3>' + @TableName + ' : '+ CAST(Value as varchar(1000)) + '</h3>'
FROM sys.extended_properties AS A
WHERE A.major_id = OBJECT_ID(@TableName)
and minor_id = 0
if @htmls is null or DATALENGTH (@htmls)=0
begin
set @htmls = ' <h3>' + @TableName + '</h3>'
end
PRINT ' <div class="tableBox">'
PRINT @htmls
PRINT ' <table cellspacing="0">'
PRINT ' <tr>'
PRINT ' <th>字段名称</th>'
PRINT ' <th>类型</th>'
PRINT ' <th>长度</th>'
PRINT ' <th>数值精度</th>'
PRINT ' <th>小数位数</th>'
PRINT ' <th>默认值</th>'
PRINT ' <th>是否允许为空</th>'
PRINT ' <th>是否外键</th>'
PRINT ' <th>是否主键</th>'
PRINT ' <th>描述</th>'
PRINT ' </tr>'
DECLARE TRows CURSOR
FOR
SELECT
' <td>' + CAST(clmns.name AS VARCHAR(35)) + '</td>',
' <td>' + CAST(udt.name AS CHAR(15)) + '</td>' ,
' <td>' + CAST(CAST(CASE WHEN typ.name IN (N'nchar', N'nvarchar') AND clmns.max_length <> -1 THEN clmns.max_length/2 ELSE clmns.max_length END AS INT) AS VARCHAR(20)) + '</td>',
' <td>' + CAST(CAST(clmns.precision AS INT) AS VARCHAR(20)) + '</td>',
' <td>' + CAST(CAST(clmns.scale AS INT) AS VARCHAR(20)) + '</td>',
' <td>' + isnull(CAST(cnstr.definition AS VARCHAR(20)),'') + '</td>',
' <td>' + (case when clmns.is_nullable > 0 then '是' else '否' end) + '</td>' ,
' <td>' + (case when clmns.is_computed > 0 then '是' else '否' end) + '</td>' ,
' <td>' + (case when clmns.is_identity > 0 then '是' else '否' end) + '</td>' ,
' <td>' + ISNULL(CAST(exprop.value AS VARCHAR(500)),'') + '</td>'
FROM sys.tables AS tbl
INNER JOIN sys.all_columns AS clmns ON clmns.object_id=tbl.object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.indexes AS idx ON idx.object_id = clmns.object_id AND 1 =idx.is_primary_key
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.index_columns AS idxcol ON idxcol.index_id = idx.index_id AND idxcol.column_id = clmns.column_id AND idxcol.object_id = clmns.object_id AND 0 = idxcol.is_included_column
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.types AS udt ON udt.user_type_id = clmns.user_type_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.types AS typ ON typ.user_type_id = clmns.system_type_id AND typ.user_type_id = typ.system_type_id
LEFT JOIN sys.default_constraints AS cnstr ON cnstr.object_id=clmns.default_object_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties exprop ON exprop.major_id = clmns.object_id AND exprop.minor_id = clmns.column_id AND exprop.name = 'MS_Description'
WHERE (tbl.name = @TableName)
ORDER BY clmns.column_id ASC
OPEN TRows
FETCH NEXT FROM TRows INTO @字段名称,@类型,@长度,@数值精度,@小数位数,@默认值,@允许为空,@外键,@主键,@描述
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
PRINT ' <tr>'
PRINT @字段名称
PRINT @类型
PRINT @长度
PRINT @数值精度
PRINT @小数位数
PRINT @默认值
PRINT @允许为空
PRINT @外键
PRINT @主键
PRINT @描述
PRINT ' </tr>'
FETCH NEXT FROM TRows INTO @字段名称,@类型,@长度,@数值精度,@小数位数,@默认值,@允许为空,@外键,@主键,@描述
END
CLOSE TRows
DEALLOCATE TRows
PRINT ' </table>'
PRINT ' </div>'
FETCH NEXT FROM Tbls INTO @TableName
END
PRINT ' </body>'
PRINT '</html>'
CLOSE Tbls
DEALLOCATE Tbls
END
注意事项：
1、以上脚本直接在SQL SERVER运行，以文本格式显示，设置如下：
红框的不要勾选
2、如果要加注释，表的注释在这里加
字段的注释：
3、生成后保存为HTML文件即可
效果展示：
