代理模式

第十一个模式：代理模式

11.1问题引入

远程代理的角色：

远程代理就好比“远程对象的本地代表”。所谓“远程对象”？这是一种对象，活在不同的JVM堆中。所谓“本地代表”？这是一种可以由本地方法调用的对象，其行为会转发到远程对象中。

11.2解决方案：

1.制作远程接口：

  远程接口定义出可以让客户远程调用的方法。客户用它作为服务的类型。Stub和实际服务都实现此接口。

package net.dp.proxy.gumball;

import java.rmi.Remote;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;

public interface GumballMachineRemote extends Remote {
    public int getCount() throws RemoteException;

    public String getLocation() throws RemoteException;

    public State getState() throws RemoteException;
}

我们有一个类型不是可序列化的：Stat类，现在需要修改一下：

package net.dp.proxy.gumball;

import java.io.Serializable;

public interface State extends Serializable {
    public void insertQuarter();

    public void ejectQuarter();

    public void turnCrank();

    public void dispense();
}

实际上，我们需要修改状态对象，因为每一个状态对象都维持了一个对糖果机的引用，这样一来，状态对象就可以调用糖果机的方法，改变糖果机的状态。我们不希望整个糖果机都被序列化并随着State对象一起传送弄个。修正这一点：

package net.dp.proxy.gumball;

public class NoQuarterState implements State {
    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -6945108992684695096L;
    transient GumballMachine gumballMachine;#对于state的实现，加上transient

    public NoQuarterState(GumballMachine gumballMachine) {
        this.gumballMachine = gumballMachine;
    }

    public void insertQuarter() {
        System.out.println("You inserted a quarter");
        gumballMachine.setState(gumballMachine.getHasQuarterState());
    }

    public void ejectQuarter() {
        System.out.println("You haven't inserted a quarter");
    }

    public void turnCrank() {
        System.out.println("You turned, but there's no quarter");
    }

    public void dispense() {
        System.out.println("You need to pay first");
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "waiting for quarter";
    }
}

2.制作远程的实现：

   这是做实际工作的类，为远程接口中定义的远程方法提供了真正的实现。这就是客户真正想要调用方法的对象（例如，我们的GumballMachine）。

package net.dp.proxy.gumball;

import java.rmi.RemoteException;
import java.rmi.server.UnicastRemoteObject;

public class GumballMachine extends UnicastRemoteObject implements
        GumballMachineRemote {
    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -2838970117227273571L;
    State soldOutState;
    State noQuarterState;
    State hasQuarterState;
    State soldState;
    State winnerState;
    State state = soldOutState;
    int count = 0;
    String location;

    public GumballMachine(String location, int numberGumballs)
            throws RemoteException {
        soldOutState = new SoldOutState(this);
        noQuarterState = new NoQuarterState(this);
        hasQuarterState = new HasQuarterState(this);
        soldState = new SoldState(this);
        winnerState = new WinnerState(this);

        this.count = numberGumballs;
        if (numberGumballs > 0)
            state = noQuarterState;
        this.location = location;
    }

    public void insertQuarter() {
        state.insertQuarter();
    }

    public void ejectQuarter() {
        state.ejectQuarter();
    }

    public void turnCrank() {
        state.turnCrank();
        state.dispense();
    }

    void setState(State state) {
        this.state = state;
    }

    void releaseBall() {
        System.out.println("A gumball comes rolling out the slot...");
        if (count != 0) {
            count = count - 1;
        }
    }

    public void refill(int count) {
        this.count = count;
        state = noQuarterState;
    }

    public int getCount() {
        return count;
    }

    public State getState() {
        return state;
    }

    public String getLocation() {
        return location;
    }

    public State getSoldOutState() {
        return soldOutState;
    }

    public State getNoQuarterState() {
        return noQuarterState;
    }

    public State getHasQuarterState() {
        return hasQuarterState;
    }

    public State getSoldState() {
        return soldState;
    }

    public State getWinnerState() {
        return winnerState;
    }

    public String toString() {
        StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
        result.append("
Mighty Gumball, Inc.");
        result.append("
Java-enabled Standing Gumball Model #2004");
        result.append("
Inventory: " + count + " gumball");
        if (count != 1) {
            result.append("s");
        }
        result.append("
");
        result.append("Machine is " + state + "
");
        return result.toString();
    }
}

糖果机服务已经实现，我们现在现在要将它装上去，好开始接受请求。首先，我们确保将它注册到RMI registry中，好让客户找到她。

现在进行测试：

package net.dp.proxy.gumball;

import java.rmi.Naming;

public class GumballMachineTestDrive {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        GumballMachineRemote gumballMachine = null;
        int count;

        if (args.length < 2) {
            System.out.println("GumballMachine <name> <inventory>");
            System.exit(1);
        }

        try {
            count = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);

            gumballMachine = new GumballMachine(args[0], count);
            Naming.rebind("//" + args[0] + "/gumballmachine", gumballMachine);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

然后，进行测试：

3.利用rmic产生的Stub和skeleton

  这是客户和服务的辅助类。你不需要创建这些类。

4.启动RMI registry（rimregistry）

  rmireistry就像电话簿，客户可以从中查到代理的位置。

5.开始远程服务

必须启动服务对象。

现在是GumballMonitor客户端：

package net.dp.proxy.gumball;

import java.rmi.RemoteException;

public class GumballMonitor {
    GumballMachineRemote machine;

    public GumballMonitor(GumballMachineRemote machine) {
        this.machine = machine;
    }

    public void report() {
        try {
            System.out.println("Gumball Machine: " + machine.getLocation());
            System.out.println("Current inventory: " + machine.getCount()
                    + " gumballs");
            System.out.println("Current state: " + machine.getState());
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

编写监视器测试程序：

再详细的查看：

11.3引入代理模式：

代理模式：为另一个对象提供一个替身或占位符以控制对这个对象的访问。

11.4介绍虚拟代理：

不同之处：

例子：显示CD封面类图：

工作流程：

编写虚拟ImageProxy:

package net.dp.proxy.virtualproxy;

import java.awt.Component;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.net.URL;

import javax.swing.Icon;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;

class ImageProxy implements Icon {
    ImageIcon imageIcon;
    URL imageURL;
    Thread retrievalThread;
    boolean retrieving = false;
     
    public ImageProxy(URL url) { imageURL = url; }
     
    public int getIconWidth() {
        if (imageIcon != null) {
            return imageIcon.getIconWidth();
        } else {
            return 800;
        }
    }
 
    public int getIconHeight() {
        if (imageIcon != null) {
            return imageIcon.getIconHeight();
        } else {
            return 600;
        }
    }
     
    public void paintIcon(final Component c, Graphics  g, int x,  int y) {
        if (imageIcon != null) {
            imageIcon.paintIcon(c, g, x, y);
        } else {
            g.drawString("Loading CD cover, please wait...", x+300, y+190);
            if (!retrieving) {
                retrieving = true;

                retrievalThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    public void run() {
                        try {
                            imageIcon = new ImageIcon(imageURL, "CD Cover");
                            c.repaint();
                        } catch (Exception e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                });
                retrievalThread.start();
            }
        }
    }
}

package net.dp.proxy.virtualproxy;

import java.awt.Graphics;

import javax.swing.Icon;
import javax.swing.JComponent;

class ImageComponent extends JComponent {
    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -4028999850832876573L;
    private Icon icon;

    public ImageComponent(Icon icon) {
        this.icon = icon;
    }

    public void setIcon(Icon icon) {
        this.icon = icon;
    }

    public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        super.paintComponent(g);
        int w = icon.getIconWidth();
        int h = icon.getIconHeight();
        int x = (800 - w)/2;
        int y = (600 - h)/2;
        icon.paintIcon(this, g, x, y);
    }
}

package net.dp.proxy.virtualproxy;

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import java.util.Hashtable;

import javax.swing.Icon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;

public class ImageProxyTestDrive {
    ImageComponent imageComponent;
    JFrame frame = new JFrame("CD Cover Viewer");
    JMenuBar menuBar;
    JMenu menu;
    Hashtable<String, String> cds = new Hashtable<String, String>();

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        @SuppressWarnings("unused")
        ImageProxyTestDrive testDrive = new ImageProxyTestDrive();
    }

    public ImageProxyTestDrive() throws Exception {
        cds.put("Ambient: Music for Airports",
                "http://images.amazon.com/images/P/B000003S2K.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg");
        cds.put("Buddha Bar",
                "http://images.amazon.com/images/P/B00009XBYK.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg");
        cds.put("Ima",
                "http://images.amazon.com/images/P/B000005IRM.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg");
        cds.put("Karma",
                "http://images.amazon.com/images/P/B000005DCB.01.LZZZZZZZ.gif");
        cds.put("MCMXC A.D.",
                "http://images.amazon.com/images/P/B000002URV.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg");
        cds.put("Northern Exposure",
                "http://images.amazon.com/images/P/B000003SFN.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg");
        cds.put("Selected Ambient Works, Vol. 2",
                "http://images.amazon.com/images/P/B000002MNZ.01.LZZZZZZZ.jpg");

        URL initialURL = new URL((String) cds
                .get("Selected Ambient Works, Vol. 2"));
        menuBar = new JMenuBar();
        menu = new JMenu("Favorite CDs");
        menuBar.add(menu);
        frame.setJMenuBar(menuBar);

        for (Enumeration<String> e = cds.keys(); e.hasMoreElements();) {
            String name = (String) e.nextElement();
            JMenuItem menuItem = new JMenuItem(name);
            menu.add(menuItem);
            menuItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event) {
                    imageComponent.setIcon(new ImageProxy(getCDUrl(event
                            .getActionCommand())));
                    frame.repaint();
                }
            });
        }

        // set up frame and menus

        Icon icon = new ImageProxy(initialURL);
        imageComponent = new ImageComponent(icon);
        frame.getContentPane().add(imageComponent);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setSize(800, 600);
        frame.setVisible(true);

    }

    URL getCDUrl(String name) {
        try {
            return new URL((String) cds.get(name));
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }
}

11.5小结：