rabbitMQ消息队列

https://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/5132791.html

RabbitMQ是一个在AMQP基础上完整的，可复用的企业消息系统。他遵循Mozilla Public License开源协议。

MQ全称为Message Queue, 消息队列（MQ）是一种应用程序对应用程序的通信方法。应用程序通过读写出入队列的消息（针对应用程序的数据）来通信，而无需专用连接来链接它们。消 息传递指的是程序之间通过在消息中发送数据进行通信，而不是通过直接调用彼此来通信，直接调用通常是用于诸如远程过程调用的技术。排队指的是应用程序通过 队列来通信。队列的使用除去了接收和发送应用程序同时执行的要求。

1.rabbitMQ安装步骤

服务端安装

       　　  1. rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
            2. rpm -ivh https://dl.bintray.com/rabbitmq/all/rabbitmq-server/3.7.7/rabbitmq-server-3.7.7-1.el7.noarch.rpm
            3. yum -y install erlang
            4. yum -y install rabbitmq-server
            5. service rabbitmq-server start

            6. 用户名和密码配置：
               sudo rabbitmqctl add_user wupeiqi 123
            7. 设置用户为administrator角色
               sudo rabbitmqctl set_user_tags wupeiqi administrator
            8. 设置权限
               sudo rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p "/" wupeiqi ".*" ".*" ".*"

客户端安装

pip install pika
or
easy_install pika
or
源码
 
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pika

使用API操作RabbitMQ

1. 基于Queue实现生产者消费者模型

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import Queue
import threading


message = Queue.Queue(10)


def producer(i):
    while True:
        message.put(i)


def consumer(i):
    while True:
        msg = message.get()


for i in range(12):
    t = threading.Thread(target=producer, args=(i,))
    t.start()

for i in range(10):
    t = threading.Thread(target=consumer, args=(i,))
    t.start()

一、RabbitMQ来说，生产和消费不再针对内存里的一个Queue对象，服务器上的RabbitMQ Server实现的消息队列。

生产者

import pika
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("wupeiq","123")

connection =pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host="132.232.55.209"))

#定义一个队列
channel =connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue="hello")

channel.basic_publish(exchange="",routing_key="hello", body="HELLO, WORLD!!!")  #要向指定队列中放入数据.

print("[x] Send ‘hello world’")

connection.close()

消费者

import pika

# credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("wupeiq","123")

connection =pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host="132.232.55.209"))

channel =connection.channel()

#定义一个队列
channel.queue_declare(queue="hello")


def callback(ch,method,properties,body):
    print("[x]Received %r" %body)


#对名字叫做hello的队列进行消费(获取队列中的数据)
channel.basic_consume(callback,queue='hello',no_ack=True)


print("[*]Waiting for Message. to Exit press CTRL + C")

channel.start_consuming()

二、acknowledgment 消息不丢失

no-ack ＝ False，如果消费者遇到情况(its channel is closed, connection is closed, or TCP connection is lost)挂掉了，那么，RabbitMQ会重新将该任务添加到队列中。

生产者

import pika
credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("wupeiq","123")

connection =pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host="132.232.55.209"))

#定义一个队列
channel =connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue="s2")

channel.basic_publish(exchange="",routing_key="s2", body="6666!!")  #要向指定队列中放入数据.

print("[x] Send ‘hello world’")

connection.close()

消费者

import pika

# credentials = pika.PlainCredentials("wupeiq","123")

connection =pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host="132.232.55.209"))

channel =connection.channel()

#定义一个队列
channel.queue_declare(queue="hello")


def callback(ch,method,properties,body):
    print("[x]Received %r" %body)
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag)

#对名字叫做hello的队列进行消费(获取队列中的数据)
channel.basic_consume(callback,queue='s2',no_ack=False)


print("[*]Waiting for Message. to Exit press CTRL + C")

channel.start_consuming()

三、durable   消息不丢失

生产者

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='132.232.55.209'))
channel = connection.channel()

# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='s3', durable=True)

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='s3',
                      body='Hello World!',
                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                          delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent
                      ))
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()

消费者

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='132.232.55.209'))
channel = connection.channel()

# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='s3', durable=True)


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='s3',
                      no_ack=False)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

四、消息获取顺序

 

默认消息队列里的数据是按照顺序被消费者拿走，例如：消费者1 去队列中获取 奇数 序列的任务，消费者1去队列中获取 偶数 序列的任务。

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1) 表示谁来谁取，不再按照奇偶数排列

生产者：

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='132.232.55.209'))
channel = connection.channel()

# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='s4', durable=True)

channel.basic_publish(exchange='',
                      routing_key='s4',
                      body='Hello World!',
                      properties=pika.BasicProperties(
                          delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent
                      ))
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()

消费者1

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='132.232.55.209'))
channel = connection.channel()

# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='s4', durable=True)


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='s4',
                      no_ack=False)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

生产者2

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='132.232.55.209'))
channel = connection.channel()

# make message persistent
channel.queue_declare(queue='s4', durable=True)


def callback(ch, method, properties, body):
    print(" [x] Received %r" % body)
    ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag = method.delivery_tag)

channel.basic_qos(prefetch_count=1)

channel.basic_consume(callback,
                      queue='s4',
                      no_ack=False)

print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C')
channel.start_consuming()

以上例子是官方文档中的前两个例子.即：

https://www.rabbitmq.com/getstarted.html

五、发布订阅

 

发布订阅和简单的消息队列区别在于，发布订阅会将消息发送给所有的订阅者，而消息队列中的数据被消费一次便消失。所以，RabbitMQ实现发布和订阅时，会为每一个订阅者创建一个队列，而发布者发布消息时，会将消息放置在所有相关队列中。

 exchange type = fanout

发布者

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='132.232.55.209'))
channel = connection.channel()


#定义exchange
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='ex1',exchange_type="fanout")
message = "HELLO WORLD"

channel.basic_publish(exchange='ex1',routing_key='',body=message,) #route_key 为队列名为空.
print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
connection.close()

订阅者1：

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='132.232.55.209'))
channel = connection.channel()


#定义exchange
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='ex1', exchange_type="fanout")

#动态生成一个队列
result =channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name =result.method.queue
print(queue_name)

#exchange 和队列进行绑定
channel.queue_bind(exchange="ex1",queue=queue_name)

def callback(ch,method,properties,body):
    print("[x] %r" %body)
channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name,no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

订阅者2：

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='132.232.55.209'))
channel = connection.channel()


#定义exchange
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='ex1',exchange_type="fanout")

#动态生成一个队列
result =channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name =result.method.queue
print(queue_name)

#exchange 和队列进行绑定
channel.queue_bind(exchange="ex1",queue=queue_name)

def callback(ch,method,properties,body):
    print("[x] %r" %body)
channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name,no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

六、关键字发送

 

 exchange type = direct

之前事例，发送消息时明确指定某个队列并向其中发送消息，RabbitMQ还支持根据关键字发送，即：队列绑定关键字，发送者将数据根据关键字发送到消息exchange，exchange根据 关键字 判定应该将数据发送至指定队列。

生产者：

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='132.232.55.209'))
channel = connection.channel()


#定义exchange
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='ex2',exchange_type="direct")

message = "HELLO WORLD"

channel.basic_publish(exchange='ex2',routing_key='error',body=message,) #route_key 为队列名为空.

connection.close()

消费者1：

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='132.232.55.209'))
channel = connection.channel()


#定义exchange
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='ex2', exchange_type="direct")

#动态生成一个队列
result =channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name =result.method.queue
print(queue_name)

#exchange 和队列进行绑定
channel.queue_bind(exchange="ex2",queue=queue_name,routing_key="info")
channel.queue_bind(exchange="ex2",queue=queue_name,routing_key="error")
channel.queue_bind(exchange="ex2",queue=queue_name,routing_key="warning")

def callback(ch,method,properties,body):
    print("[x] %r" %body)
channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name,no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

消费者2：

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='132.232.55.209'))
channel = connection.channel()


#定义exchange
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='ex2', exchange_type="direct")

#动态生成一个队列
result =channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name =result.method.queue
print(queue_name)

#exchange 和队列进行绑定
channel.queue_bind(exchange="ex2",queue=queue_name,routing_key="info")


def callback(ch,method,properties,body):
    print("[x] %r" %body)
channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name,no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

七、模糊匹配

 

 exchange type = topic

在topic类型下，可以让队列绑定几个模糊的关键字，之后发送者将数据发送到exchange，exchange将传入”路由值“和 ”关键字“进行匹配，匹配成功，则将数据发送到指定队列。

• # 表示可以匹配 0 个 或 多个 单词
• *  表示只能匹配 一个 单词

1 2 3

发送者路由值              队列中 old.boy.python          old.*  -- 不匹配 old.boy.python          old.#  -- 匹配

生产者：

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='132.232.55.209'))
channel = connection.channel()


#定义exchange
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='ex3',exchange_type="topic")

message = "HELLO WORLD"

channel.basic_publish(exchange='ex3',routing_key='old.boy.python',body=message,) #route_key 为队列名为空.

connection.close()

消费者1：

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='132.232.55.209'))
channel = connection.channel()


#定义exchange
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='ex3', exchange_type="topic")

#动态生成一个队列
result =channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name =result.method.queue
print(queue_name)

#exchange 和队列进行绑定
channel.queue_bind(exchange="ex3",queue=queue_name,routing_key="old.*") # “*”匹配一个单词

def callback(ch,method,properties,body):
    print("[x] %r" %body)
channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name,no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()

消费者2：

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='132.232.55.209'))
channel = connection.channel()


#定义exchange
channel.exchange_declare(exchange='ex3', exchange_type="topic")

#动态生成一个队列
result =channel.queue_declare(exclusive=True)
queue_name =result.method.queue
print(queue_name)

#exchange 和队列进行绑定
channel.queue_bind(exchange="ex3",queue=queue_name,routing_key="old.#")  # "#" 匹配所有单词

def callback(ch,method,properties,body):
    print("[x] %r" %body)
channel.basic_consume(callback,queue=queue_name,no_ack=True)

channel.start_consuming()