一、我们怎么知道有多少的包被安装？
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | wc -l 217
二、怎样得知安装了那些软件包？
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | sort acl-2.2.49-6.el6.x86_64 aic94xx-firmware-30-2.el6.noarch atmel-firmware-1.3-7.el6.noarch attr-2.4.44-7.el6.x86_64 audit-2.2-2.el6.x86_64 audit-libs-2.2-2.el6.x86_64 authconfig-6.1.12-13.el6.x86_64 b43-openfwwf-5.2-4.el6.noarch basesystem-10.0-4.el6.noarch bash-4.1.2-15.el6_4.x86_64 bfa-firmware-3.2.21.1-2.el6.noarch binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.36.el6.x86_64 bzip2-1.0.5-7.el6_0.x86_64 bzip2-libs-1.0.5-7.el6_0.x86_64 ca-certificates-2013.1.94-65.0.el6.noarch centos-release-6-5.el6.centos.11.1.x86_64 checkpolicy-2.0.22-1.el6.x86_64 chkconfig-1.3.49.3-2.el6_4.1.x86_64 coreutils-8.4-31.el6.x86_64 coreutils-libs-8.4-31.el6.x86_64 cpio-2.10-11.el6_3.x86_64 cracklib-2.8.16-4.el6.x86_64 cracklib-dicts-2.8.16-4.el6.x86_64 cronie-1.4.4-12.el6.x86_64 cronie-anacron-1.4.4-12.el6.x86_64 crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch curl-7.19.7-37.el6_4.x86_64 cyrus-sasl-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.x86_64 cyrus-sasl-lib-2.1.23-13.el6_3.1.x86_64 dash-0.5.5.1-4.el6.x86_64 db4-4.7.25-18.el6_4.x86_64 db4-utils-4.7.25-18.el6_4.x86_64 dbus-glib-0.86-6.el6.x86_64 dbus-libs-1.2.24-7.el6_3.x86_64 device-mapper-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 device-mapper-event-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 device-mapper-event-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 device-mapper-libs-1.02.79-8.el6.x86_64 device-mapper-persistent-data-0.2.8-2.el6.x86_64 dhclient-4.1.1-38.P1.el6.centos.x86_64 dhcp-common-4.1.1-38.P1.el6.centos.x86_64 diffutils-2.8.1-28.el6.x86_64 dracut-004-335.el6.noarch dracut-kernel-004-335.el6.noarch e2fsprogs-1.41.12-18.el6.x86_64 e2fsprogs-libs-1.41.12-18.el6.x86_64 efibootmgr-0.5.4-11.el6.x86_64 elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.x86_64 ethtool-3.5-1.el6.x86_64 expat-2.0.1-11.el6_2.x86_64 file-5.04-15.el6.x86_64 file-libs-5.04-15.el6.x86_64 filesystem-2.4.30-3.el6.x86_64 findutils-4.4.2-6.el6.x86_64 fipscheck-1.2.0-7.el6.x86_64 fipscheck-lib-1.2.0-7.el6.x86_64 gamin-0.1.10-9.el6.x86_64 gawk-3.1.7-10.el6.x86_64 gdbm-1.8.0-36.el6.x86_64 glib2-2.26.1-3.el6.x86_64 glibc-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 glibc-common-2.12-1.132.el6.x86_64 gmp-4.3.1-7.el6_2.2.x86_64 gnupg2-2.0.14-6.el6_4.x86_64 gpgme-1.1.8-3.el6.x86_64 grep-2.6.3-4.el6.x86_64 groff-1.18.1.4-21.el6.x86_64 grub-0.97-83.el6.x86_64 grubby-7.0.15-5.el6.x86_64 gzip-1.3.12-19.el6_4.x86_64 hwdata-0.233-9.1.el6.noarch info-4.13a-8.el6.x86_64 initscripts-9.03.40-2.el6.centos.x86_64 iproute-2.6.32-31.el6.x86_64 iptables-1.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 iptables-ipv6-1.4.7-11.el6.x86_64 iputils-20071127-17.el6_4.2.x86_64 ipw2100-firmware-1.3-11.el6.noarch ipw2200-firmware-3.1-4.el6.noarch ivtv-firmware-20080701-20.2.noarch iwl1000-firmware-39.31.5.1-1.el6.noarch iwl100-firmware-39.31.5.1-1.el6.noarch iwl3945-firmware-15.32.2.9-4.el6.noarch iwl4965-firmware-228.61.2.24-2.1.el6.noarch iwl5000-firmware-8.83.5.1_1-1.el6_1.1.noarch iwl5150-firmware-8.24.2.2-1.el6.noarch iwl6000-firmware-9.221.4.1-1.el6.noarch iwl6000g2a-firmware-17.168.5.3-1.el6.noarch iwl6050-firmware-41.28.5.1-2.el6.noarch kbd-1.15-11.el6.x86_64 kbd-misc-1.15-11.el6.noarch kernel-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 kernel-firmware-2.6.32-431.el6.noarch keyutils-libs-1.4-4.el6.x86_64 krb5-libs-1.10.3-10.el6_4.6.x86_64 less-436-10.el6.x86_64 libacl-2.2.49-6.el6.x86_64 libattr-2.4.44-7.el6.x86_64 libblkid-2.17.2-12.14.el6.x86_64 libcap-2.16-5.5.el6.x86_64 libcap-ng-0.6.4-3.el6_0.1.x86_64 libcom_err-1.41.12-18.el6.x86_64 libcurl-7.19.7-37.el6_4.x86_64 libdrm-2.4.45-2.el6.x86_64 libertas-usb8388-firmware-5.110.22.p23-3.1.el6.noarch libffi-3.0.5-3.2.el6.x86_64 libgcc-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 libgcrypt-1.4.5-11.el6_4.x86_64 libgpg-error-1.7-4.el6.x86_64 libidn-1.18-2.el6.x86_64 libnih-1.0.1-7.el6.x86_64 libpciaccess-0.13.1-2.el6.x86_64 libselinux-2.0.94-5.3.el6_4.1.x86_64 libselinux-utils-2.0.94-5.3.el6_4.1.x86_64 libsemanage-2.0.43-4.2.el6.x86_64 libsepol-2.0.41-4.el6.x86_64 libss-1.41.12-18.el6.x86_64 libssh2-1.4.2-1.el6.x86_64 libstdc++-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 libtasn1-2.3-3.el6_2.1.x86_64 libudev-147-2.51.el6.x86_64 libusb-0.1.12-23.el6.x86_64 libuser-0.56.13-5.el6.x86_64 libutempter-1.1.5-4.1.el6.x86_64 libuuid-2.17.2-12.14.el6.x86_64 libxml2-2.7.6-14.el6.x86_64 logrotate-3.7.8-17.el6.x86_64 lua-5.1.4-4.1.el6.x86_64 lvm2-2.02.100-8.el6.x86_64 lvm2-libs-2.02.100-8.el6.x86_64 m4-1.4.13-5.el6.x86_64 make-3.81-20.el6.x86_64 MAKEDEV-3.24-6.el6.x86_64 mingetty-1.08-5.el6.x86_64 module-init-tools-3.9-21.el6_4.x86_64 mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 ncurses-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64 ncurses-base-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64 ncurses-libs-5.7-3.20090208.el6.x86_64 net-tools-1.60-110.el6_2.x86_64 newt-0.52.11-3.el6.x86_64 newt-python-0.52.11-3.el6.x86_64 nspr-4.10.0-1.el6.x86_64 nss-3.15.1-15.el6.x86_64 nss-softokn-3.14.3-9.el6.x86_64 nss-softokn-freebl-3.14.3-9.el6.x86_64 nss-sysinit-3.15.1-15.el6.x86_64 nss-tools-3.15.1-15.el6.x86_64 nss-util-3.15.1-3.el6.x86_64 openldap-2.4.23-32.el6_4.1.x86_64 openssh-5.3p1-94.el6.x86_64 openssh-server-5.3p1-94.el6.x86_64 openssl-1.0.1e-15.el6.x86_64 p11-kit-0.18.5-2.el6.x86_64 p11-kit-trust-0.18.5-2.el6.x86_64 pam-1.1.1-17.el6.x86_64 passwd-0.77-4.el6_2.2.x86_64 pciutils-libs-3.1.10-2.el6.x86_64 pcre-7.8-6.el6.x86_64 pinentry-0.7.6-6.el6.x86_64 pkgconfig-0.23-9.1.el6.x86_64 plymouth-0.8.3-27.el6.centos.x86_64 plymouth-core-libs-0.8.3-27.el6.centos.x86_64 plymouth-scripts-0.8.3-27.el6.centos.x86_64 policycoreutils-2.0.83-19.39.el6.x86_64 popt-1.13-7.el6.x86_64 postfix-2.6.6-2.2.el6_1.x86_64 procps-3.2.8-25.el6.x86_64 psmisc-22.6-15.el6_0.1.x86_64 pth-2.0.7-9.3.el6.x86_64 pygpgme-0.1-18.20090824bzr68.el6.x86_64 python-2.6.6-51.el6.x86_64 python-iniparse-0.3.1-2.1.el6.noarch python-libs-2.6.6-51.el6.x86_64 python-pycurl-7.19.0-8.el6.x86_64 python-urlgrabber-3.9.1-9.el6.noarch ql2100-firmware-1.19.38-3.1.el6.noarch ql2200-firmware-2.02.08-3.1.el6.noarch ql23xx-firmware-3.03.27-3.1.el6.noarch ql2400-firmware-7.00.01-1.el6.noarch ql2500-firmware-7.00.01-1.el6.noarch readline-6.0-4.el6.x86_64 redhat-logos-60.0.14-12.el6.centos.noarch rootfiles-8.1-6.1.el6.noarch rpm-4.8.0-37.el6.x86_64 rpm-libs-4.8.0-37.el6.x86_64 rpm-python-4.8.0-37.el6.x86_64 rsyslog-5.8.10-8.el6.x86_64 rt61pci-firmware-1.2-7.el6.noarch rt73usb-firmware-1.8-7.el6.noarch sed-4.2.1-10.el6.x86_64 selinux-policy-3.7.19-231.el6.noarch selinux-policy-targeted-3.7.19-231.el6.noarch setup-2.8.14-20.el6_4.1.noarch shadow-utils-4.1.4.2-13.el6.x86_64 shared-mime-info-0.70-4.el6.x86_64 slang-2.2.1-1.el6.x86_64 sqlite-3.6.20-1.el6.x86_64 sudo-1.8.6p3-12.el6.x86_64 system-config-firewall-base-1.2.27-5.el6.noarch sysvinit-tools-2.87-5.dsf.el6.x86_64 tar-1.23-11.el6.x86_64 tcp_wrappers-libs-7.6-57.el6.x86_64 tzdata-2013g-1.el6.noarch udev-147-2.51.el6.x86_64 upstart-0.6.5-12.el6_4.1.x86_64 ustr-1.0.4-9.1.el6.x86_64 util-linux-ng-2.17.2-12.14.el6.x86_64 vim-minimal-7.2.411-1.8.el6.x86_64 which-2.19-6.el6.x86_64 xorg-x11-drv-ati-firmware-7.1.0-3.el6.noarch xz-libs-4.999.9-0.3.beta.20091007git.el6.x86_64 yum-3.2.29-40.el6.centos.noarch yum-metadata-parser-1.1.2-16.el6.x86_64 yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.30-14.el6.noarch zd1211-firmware-1.4-4.el6.noarch zlib-1.2.3-29.el6.x86_64
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