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LINUX专题之操作系统字符集

原创作品，出自 “深蓝的blog” 博客，欢迎转载。转载时请务必注明下面出处，否则追究版权法律责任。

深蓝的blog： http://blog.csdn.net/huangyanlong/article/details/40213133

以实验范例的形式演示LINUX操作系统字符集知识。用实践加深理解。

【实验演示】

例1：字符集相关查看

[root@xckydb sysconfig]# cat /etc/issue
--查看系统版本号
CentOS release 5.6 (Final)
Kernel on an m

[root@xckydb sysconfig]# locale -a
--查看本地的字符集

aa_DJ
aa_DJ.iso88591
aa_DJ.utf8
aa_ER
aa_ER@saaho
aa_ER.utf8
aa_ER.utf8@saaho
aa_ET
aa_ET.utf8
af_ZA
af_ZA.iso88591
af_ZA.utf8
am_ET
am_ET.utf8
an_ES
an_ES.iso885915
an_ES.utf8
ar_AE
ar_AE.iso88596
ar_AE.utf8
ar_BH
ar_BH.iso88596
ar_BH.utf8
ar_DZ
ar_DZ.iso88596
ar_DZ.utf8
ar_EG
ar_EG.iso88596
ar_EG.utf8
ar_IN
ar_IN.utf8
ar_IQ
ar_IQ.iso88596
ar_IQ.utf8
ar_JO
ar_JO.iso88596
ar_JO.utf8
ar_KW
ar_KW.iso88596
ar_KW.utf8
ar_LB
ar_LB.iso88596
ar_LB.utf8
ar_LY
ar_LY.iso88596
ar_LY.utf8
ar_MA
ar_MA.iso88596
ar_MA.utf8
ar_OM
ar_OM.iso88596
ar_OM.utf8
ar_QA
ar_QA.iso88596
ar_QA.utf8
ar_SA
ar_SA.iso88596
ar_SA.utf8
ar_SD
ar_SD.iso88596
ar_SD.utf8
ar_SY
ar_SY.iso88596
ar_SY.utf8
ar_TN
ar_TN.iso88596
ar_TN.utf8
ar_YE
ar_YE.iso88596
ar_YE.utf8
as_IN.utf8
az_AZ.utf8
be_BY
be_BY.cp1251
be_BY@latin
be_BY.utf8
be_BY.utf8@latin
bg_BG
bg_BG.cp1251
bg_BG.utf8
bn_BD
bn_BD.utf8
bn_IN
bn_IN.utf8
bokmal
bokmbr_FR
br_FR@euro
br_FR.iso88591
br_FR.iso885915@euro
br_FR.utf8
bs_BA
bs_BA.iso88592
bs_BA.utf8
byn_ER
byn_ER.utf8
C
ca_AD
ca_AD.iso885915
ca_AD.utf8
ca_ES
ca_ES@euro
ca_ES.iso88591
ca_ES.iso885915@euro
ca_ES.utf8
ca_FR
ca_FR.iso885915
ca_FR.utf8
ca_IT
ca_IT.iso885915
ca_IT.utf8
catalan
croatian
csb_PL
csb_PL.utf8
cs_CZ
cs_CZ.iso88592
cs_CZ.utf8
cy_GB
cy_GB.iso885914
cy_GB.utf8
czech
da_DK
da_DK.iso88591
da_DK.iso885915
da_DK.utf8
danish
dansk
de_AT
de_AT@euro
de_AT.iso88591
de_AT.iso885915@euro
de_AT.utf8
de_BE
de_BE@euro
de_BE.iso88591
de_BE.iso885915@euro
de_BE.utf8
de_CH
de_CH.iso88591
de_CH.utf8
de_DE
de_DE@euro
de_DE.iso88591
de_DE.iso885915@euro
de_DE.utf8
de_LU
de_LU@euro
de_LU.iso88591
de_LU.iso885915@euro
de_LU.utf8
deutsch
dutch
dz_BT
dz_BT.utf8
eesti
el_CY
el_CY.iso88597
el_CY.utf8
el_GR
el_GR.iso88597
el_GR.utf8
en_AU
en_AU.iso88591
en_AU.utf8
en_BW
en_BW.iso88591
en_BW.utf8
en_CA
en_CA.iso88591
en_CA.utf8
en_DK
en_DK.iso88591
en_DK.utf8
en_GB
en_GB.iso88591
en_GB.iso885915
en_GB.utf8
en_HK
en_HK.iso88591
en_HK.utf8
en_IE
en_IE@euro
en_IE.iso88591
en_IE.iso885915@euro
en_IE.utf8
en_IN
en_IN.utf8
en_NZ
en_NZ.iso88591
en_NZ.utf8
en_PH
en_PH.iso88591
en_PH.utf8
en_SG
en_SG.iso88591
en_SG.utf8
en_US
en_US.iso88591
en_US.iso885915
en_US.utf8
en_ZA
en_ZA.iso88591
en_ZA.utf8
en_ZW
en_ZW.iso88591
en_ZW.utf8
es_AR
es_AR.iso88591
es_AR.utf8
es_BO
es_BO.iso88591
es_BO.utf8
es_CL
es_CL.iso88591
es_CL.utf8
es_CO
es_CO.iso88591
es_CO.utf8
es_CR
es_CR.iso88591
es_CR.utf8
es_DO
es_DO.iso88591
es_DO.utf8
es_EC
es_EC.iso88591
es_EC.utf8
es_ES
es_ES@euro
es_ES.iso88591
es_ES.iso885915@euro
es_ES.utf8
es_GT
es_GT.iso88591
es_GT.utf8
es_HN
es_HN.iso88591
es_HN.utf8
es_MX
es_MX.iso88591
es_MX.utf8
es_NI
es_NI.iso88591
es_NI.utf8
es_PA
es_PA.iso88591
es_PA.utf8
es_PE
es_PE.iso88591
es_PE.utf8
es_PR
es_PR.iso88591
es_PR.utf8
es_PY
es_PY.iso88591
es_PY.utf8
es_SV
es_SV.iso88591
es_SV.utf8
estonian
es_US
es_US.iso88591
es_US.utf8
es_UY
es_UY.iso88591
es_UY.utf8
es_VE
es_VE.iso88591
es_VE.utf8
et_EE
et_EE.iso88591
et_EE.iso885915
et_EE.utf8
eu_ES
eu_ES@euro
eu_ES.iso88591
eu_ES.iso885915@euro
eu_ES.utf8
fa_IR
fa_IR.utf8
fi_FI
fi_FI@euro
fi_FI.iso88591
fi_FI.iso885915@euro
fi_FI.utf8
finnish
fo_FO
fo_FO.iso88591
fo_FO.utf8
fran
     fr_BE
fr_BE@euro
fr_BE.iso88591
fr_BE.iso885915@euro
fr_BE.utf8
fr_CA
fr_CA.iso88591
fr_CA.utf8
fr_CH
fr_CH.iso88591
fr_CH.utf8
french
fr_FR
fr_FR@euro
fr_FR.iso88591
fr_FR.iso885915@euro
fr_FR.utf8
fr_LU
fr_LU@euro
fr_LU.iso88591
fr_LU.iso885915@euro
fr_LU.utf8
fy_NL
fy_NL.utf8
ga_IE
ga_IE@euro
ga_IE.iso88591
ga_IE.iso885915@euro
ga_IE.utf8
galego
galician
gd_GB
gd_GB.iso885915
gd_GB.utf8
german
gez_ER
gez_ER@abegede
gez_ER.utf8
gez_ER.utf8@abegede
gez_ET
gez_ET@abegede
gez_ET.utf8
gez_ET.utf8@abegede
gl_ES
gl_ES@euro
gl_ES.iso88591
gl_ES.iso885915@euro
gl_ES.utf8
greek
gu_IN
gu_IN.utf8
gv_GB
gv_GB.iso88591
gv_GB.utf8
hebrew
he_IL
he_IL.iso88598
he_IL.utf8
hi_IN
hi_IN.utf8
hr_HR
hr_HR.iso88592
hr_HR.utf8
hrvatski
hsb_DE
hsb_DE.iso88592
hsb_DE.utf8
hu_HU
hu_HU.iso88592
hu_HU.utf8
hungarian
hy_AM
hy_AM.armscii8
hy_AM.utf8
icelandic
id_ID
id_ID.iso88591
id_ID.utf8
is_IS
is_IS.iso88591
is_IS.utf8
italian
it_CH
it_CH.iso88591
it_CH.utf8
it_IT
it_IT@euro
it_IT.iso88591
it_IT.iso885915@euro
it_IT.utf8
iw_IL
iw_IL.iso88598
iw_IL.utf8
ja_JP
ja_JP.eucjp
ja_JP.ujis
ja_JP.utf8
japanese
japanese.euc
ka_GE
ka_GE.georgianps
ka_GE.utf8
kk_KZ
kk_KZ.pt154
kk_KZ.utf8
kl_GL
kl_GL.iso88591
kl_GL.utf8
km_KH
km_KH.utf8
kn_IN
kn_IN.utf8
ko_KR
ko_KR.euckr
ko_KR.utf8
korean
korean.euc
ku_TR
ku_TR.iso88599
ku_TR.utf8
kw_GB
kw_GB.iso88591
kw_GB.utf8
ky_KG
ky_KG.utf8
lg_UG
lg_UG.iso885910
lg_UG.utf8
lithuanian
lo_LA
lo_LA.utf8
lt_LT
lt_LT.iso885913
lt_LT.utf8
lv_LV
lv_LV.iso885913
lv_LV.utf8
mai_IN
mai_IN.utf8
mg_MG
mg_MG.iso885915
mg_MG.utf8
mi_NZ
mi_NZ.iso885913
mi_NZ.utf8
mk_MK
mk_MK.iso88595
mk_MK.utf8
ml_IN
ml_IN.utf8
mn_MN
mn_MN.utf8
mr_IN
mr_IN.utf8
ms_MY
ms_MY.iso88591
ms_MY.utf8
mt_MT
mt_MT.iso88593
mt_MT.utf8
nb_NO
nb_NO.iso88591
nb_NO.utf8
ne_NP
ne_NP.utf8
nl_BE
nl_BE@euro
nl_BE.iso88591
nl_BE.iso885915@euro
nl_BE.utf8
nl_NL
nl_NL@euro
nl_NL.iso88591
nl_NL.iso885915@euro
nl_NL.utf8
nn_NO
nn_NO.iso88591
nn_NO.utf8
no_NO
no_NO.iso88591
no_NO.utf8
norwegian
nr_ZA
nr_ZA.utf8
nso_ZA
nso_ZA.utf8
nynorsk
oc_FR
oc_FR.iso88591
oc_FR.utf8
om_ET
om_ET.utf8
om_KE
om_KE.iso88591
om_KE.utf8
or_IN
or_IN.utf8
pa_IN
pa_IN.utf8
pa_PK
pa_PK.utf8
pl_PL
pl_PL.iso88592
pl_PL.utf8
polish
portuguese
POSIX
pt_BR
pt_BR.iso88591
pt_BR.utf8
pt_PT
pt_PT@euro
pt_PT.iso88591
pt_PT.iso885915@euro
pt_PT.utf8
romanian
ro_RO
ro_RO.iso88592
ro_RO.utf8
ru_RU
ru_RU.iso88595
ru_RU.koi8r
ru_RU.utf8
russian
ru_UA
ru_UA.koi8u
ru_UA.utf8
rw_RW
rw_RW.utf8
se_NO
se_NO.utf8
sid_ET
sid_ET.utf8
si_LK
si_LK.utf8
sk_SK
sk_SK.iso88592
sk_SK.utf8
slovak
slovene
slovenian
sl_SI
sl_SI.iso88592
sl_SI.utf8
so_DJ
so_DJ.iso88591
so_DJ.utf8
so_ET
so_ET.utf8
so_KE
so_KE.iso88591
so_KE.utf8
so_SO
so_SO.iso88591
so_SO.utf8
spanish
sq_AL
sq_AL.iso88591
sq_AL.utf8
sr_CS
sr_CS.iso88595
sr_CS.utf8
sr_ME
sr_ME.utf8
sr_RS
sr_RS@latin
sr_RS.utf8
sr_RS.utf8@latin
ss_ZA
ss_ZA.utf8
st_ZA
st_ZA.iso88591
st_ZA.utf8
sv_FI
sv_FI@euro
sv_FI.iso88591
sv_FI.iso885915@euro
sv_FI.utf8
sv_SE
sv_SE.iso88591
sv_SE.iso885915
sv_SE.utf8
swedish
ta_IN
ta_IN.utf8
te_IN
te_IN.utf8
tg_TJ
tg_TJ.koi8t
tg_TJ.utf8
thai
th_TH
th_TH.tis620
th_TH.utf8
ti_ER
ti_ER.utf8
ti_ET
ti_ET.utf8
tig_ER
tig_ER.utf8
tl_PH
tl_PH.iso88591
tl_PH.utf8
tn_ZA
tn_ZA.utf8
tr_CY
tr_CY.iso88599
tr_CY.utf8
tr_TR
tr_TR.iso88599
tr_TR.utf8
ts_ZA
ts_ZA.utf8
tt_RU.utf8
turkish
uk_UA
uk_UA.koi8u
uk_UA.utf8
ur_PK
ur_PK.utf8
uz_UZ
uz_UZ@cyrillic
uz_UZ.iso88591
uz_UZ.utf8@cyrillic
ve_ZA
ve_ZA.utf8
vi_VN
vi_VN.tcvn
vi_VN.utf8
wa_BE
wa_BE@euro
wa_BE.iso88591
wa_BE.iso885915@euro
wa_BE.utf8
xh_ZA
xh_ZA.iso88591
xh_ZA.utf8
yi_US
yi_US.cp1255
yi_US.utf8
zh_CN
zh_CN.gb18030
zh_CN.gb2312
zh_CN.gbk
zh_CN.utf8
zh_HK
zh_HK.big5hkscs
zh_HK.utf8
zh_SG
zh_SG.gb2312
zh_SG.gbk
zh_SG.utf8
zh_TW
zh_TW.big5
zh_TW.euctw
zh_TW.utf8
zu_ZA
zu_ZA.iso88591
zu_ZA.utf8

************************************************************************************************
[root@xckydb sysconfig]# locale -m
--查看全部支持的字符集

ANSI_X3.110-1983
ANSI_X3.4-1968
ARMSCII-8
ASMO_449
BIG5
BIG5-HKSCS
BS_4730
BS_VIEWDATA
CP10007
CP1125
CP1250
CP1251
CP1252
CP1253
CP1254
CP1255
CP1256
CP1257
CP1258
CP737
CP775
CP949
CSA_Z243.4-1985-1
CSA_Z243.4-1985-2
CSA_Z243.4-1985-GR
CSN_369103
CWI
DEC-MCS
DIN_66003
DS_2089
EBCDIC-AT-DE
EBCDIC-AT-DE-A
EBCDIC-CA-FR
EBCDIC-DK-NO
EBCDIC-DK-NO-A
EBCDIC-ES
EBCDIC-ES-A
EBCDIC-ES-S
EBCDIC-FI-SE
EBCDIC-FI-SE-A
EBCDIC-FR
EBCDIC-IS-FRISS
EBCDIC-IT
EBCDIC-PT
EBCDIC-UK
EBCDIC-US
ECMA-CYRILLIC
ES
ES2
EUC-JISX0213
EUC-JP
EUC-JP-MS
EUC-KR
EUC-TW
GB18030
GB2312
GBK
GB_1988-80
GEORGIAN-ACADEMY
GEORGIAN-PS
GOST_19768-74
GREEK-CCITT
GREEK7
GREEK7-OLD
HP-ROMAN8
IBM037
IBM038
IBM1004
IBM1026
IBM1047
IBM1124
IBM1129
IBM1132
IBM1133
IBM1160
IBM1161
IBM1162
IBM1163
IBM1164
IBM256
IBM273
IBM274
IBM275
IBM277
IBM278
IBM280
IBM281
IBM284
IBM285
IBM290
IBM297
IBM420
IBM423
IBM424
IBM437
IBM500
IBM850
IBM851
IBM852
IBM855
IBM856
IBM857
IBM860
IBM861
IBM862
IBM863
IBM864
IBM865
IBM866
IBM866NAV
IBM868
IBM869
IBM870
IBM871
IBM874
IBM875
IBM880
IBM891
IBM903
IBM904
IBM905
IBM918
IBM922
IEC_P27-1
INIS
INIS-8
INIS-CYRILLIC
INVARIANT
ISIRI-3342
ISO-8859-1
ISO-8859-10
ISO-8859-11
ISO-8859-13
ISO-8859-14
ISO-8859-15
ISO-8859-16
ISO-8859-2
ISO-8859-3
ISO-8859-4
ISO-8859-5
ISO-8859-6
ISO-8859-7
ISO-8859-8
ISO-8859-9
ISO-IR-197
ISO-IR-209
ISO-IR-90
ISO_10367-BOX
ISO_10646
ISO_11548-1
ISO_2033-1983
ISO_5427
ISO_5427-EXT
ISO_5428
ISO_646.BASIC
ISO_646.IRV
ISO_6937
ISO_6937-2-25
ISO_6937-2-ADD
ISO_8859-1,GL
ISO_8859-SUPP
IT
JIS_C6220-1969-JP
JIS_C6220-1969-RO
JIS_C6229-1984-A
JIS_C6229-1984-B
JIS_C6229-1984-B-ADD
JIS_C6229-1984-HAND
JIS_C6229-1984-HAND-ADD
JIS_C6229-1984-KANA
JIS_X0201
JOHAB
JUS_I.B1.002
JUS_I.B1.003-MAC
JUS_I.B1.003-SERB
KOI-8
KOI8-R
KOI8-T
KOI8-U
KSC5636
LATIN-GREEK
LATIN-GREEK-1
MAC-CYRILLIC
MAC-IS
MAC-SAMI
MAC-UK
MACINTOSH
MIK
MSZ_7795.3
NATS-DANO
NATS-DANO-ADD
NATS-SEFI
NATS-SEFI-ADD
NC_NC00-10
NEXTSTEP
NF_Z_62-010
NF_Z_62-010_(1973)
NF_Z_62-010_1973
NS_4551-1
NS_4551-2
PT
PT154
PT2
RK1048
SAMI
SAMI-WS2
SEN_850200_B
SEN_850200_C
SHIFT_JIS
SHIFT_JISX0213
T.101-G2
T.61-7BIT
T.61-8BIT
TCVN5712-1
TIS-620
TSCII
UTF-8
VIDEOTEX-SUPPL
VISCII
WIN-SAMI-2
WINDOWS-31J

[root@xckydb sysconfig]# echo $LANG
--查看默认设置的字符集
en_US.UTF-8

[root@xckydb /]# cd /etc/sysconfig
--到系统配置文件夹下查找字符集配置文件

[root@xckydb sysconfig]# ls
atd         crond      ip6tables-config lm_sensors       ntpd           selinux                      udev-stw
auditd      desktop    ipmi              mkinitrd         pand           sendmail                     vncservers
authconfig dund       iptables-config   modules          pm-action      smartmontools                wpa_supplicant
autofs      firstboot irda              named            prelink        squid                        xinetd
bluetooth   grub       irqbalance        netconsole       raid-check     syslog
cbq         hidd       kdump             network          rawdevices     sysstat
clock       httpd      kernel            networking       readonly-root sysstat.ioconf
conman      hwconf     keyboard          network-scripts rhn            system-config-securitylevel
console     i18n       krb524            nfs              samba          system-config-users
cpuspeed    init       kudzu             nspluginwrapper saslauthd      tux

[root@xckydb sysconfig]# cat i18n
--查看系统使用语言的文件。内容例如以下
LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"
--说明
--LANG变量是language的简称。即系统的菜单、程序的工具栏语言、输入法默认语言等
--SYSFONT是system font的简称。决定系统默认用哪一种字体。

例2：暂时改动字符集

[root@xckydb sysconfig]# echo $LANG
--查看当前系统字符集
en_US.UTF-8
[root@xckydb sysconfig]# export LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
--暂时性改动系统字符集
[root@xckydb sysconfig]# echo $LANG
--显示改动后系统字符集
zh_CN.UTF-8

例3：改动字符集

[root@xckydb sysconfig]# vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n
LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
SYSFONT="latarcyrheb-sun16"
~
--改动保存后退出，完毕系统字符集的改动
[root@xckydb sysconfig]# echo $LANG
zh_CN.UTF-8

原创作品，出自 “深蓝的blog” 博客。欢迎转载，转载时请务必注明下面出处，否则追究版权法律责任。

深蓝的blog： http://blog.csdn.net/huangyanlong/article/details/40213133

系列链接_20150523：

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蓝的成长记——追逐DBA（5）：不谈技术谈业务，恼人的应用系统

蓝的成长记——追逐DBA（6）：做事与做人：小技术，大为人

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