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  • flask---信号

    一、flask-信号

       Flask框架中的信号基于blinker

    flask-信号的安装

       pip3 install blinker

    10个内置信号

    1. 内置信号
                10个信号:
                    2. request_started = _signals.signal('request-started')                # 请求到来前执行
                    5. request_finished = _signals.signal('request-finished')              # 请求结束后执行
                     
                    3. before_render_template = _signals.signal('before-render-template')  # 模板渲染前执行
                    4. template_rendered = _signals.signal('template-rendered')            # 模板渲染后执行
                     
                    2/3/4/5或不执行 got_request_exception = _signals.signal('got-request-exception')    # 请求执行出现异常时执行
                     
                    6. request_tearing_down = _signals.signal('request-tearing-down')      # 请求执行完毕后自动执行(无论成功与否)
                    7. appcontext_tearing_down = _signals.signal('appcontext-tearing-down')# 请求上下文执行完毕后自动执行(无论成功与否)
                     
                     
                    1. appcontext_pushed = _signals.signal('appcontext-pushed')            # 请求app上下文push时执行
                    
                    8. appcontext_popped = _signals.signal('appcontext-popped')            # 请求上下文pop时执行
                    
                    message_flashed = _signals.signal('message-flashed')                   # 调用flask在其中添加数据时,自动触发

    二、信号源码这整个流程源码

     def wsgi_app(self, environ, start_response):
           
            ctx = self.request_context(environ)    #实例化context这对象
            ctx.push()
            error = None
            try:
                try:
                    #执行:before装饰器函数,视图函数,after装饰器函数
                    response = self.full_dispatch_request()
                except Exception as e:    #(6.请求执行出现异常是执行got_request_exception)
                    error = e
                    response = self.handle_exception(e)
                except:
                    error = sys.exc_info()[1]
                    raise
                #将处理的内容返回给浏览器
                return response(environ, start_response)
            finally:
                if self.should_ignore_error(error):
                    error = None
                #结束
                ctx.auto_pop(error)  #(ctx是requestContext的对象,执行ctx的pop方法)
    def wsgi_app
    def push(self):
          
            app_ctx = _app_ctx_stack.top
            if app_ctx is None or app_ctx.app != self.app:
               #app_ctx=AppContext(self.app)  (实例化做完开始执行 app_ctx.push()中的app_context中的push) 
                app_ctx = self.app.app_context()   #把app放到队列放到Local中
               #触发执行appcontext_push的方法(1.第一个信号已经触发被执行)
                app_ctx.push()
    
                self._implicit_app_ctx_stack.append(app_ctx) #(app_ctx是AppContext创建的对象)
            else:
                self._implicit_app_ctx_stack.append(None)
    
            if hasattr(sys, 'exc_clear'):
                sys.exc_clear()
    
         #将RequestContext对象,添加到Local中
    
            _request_ctx_stack.push(self)
    
            # Open the session at the moment that the request context is
            # available. This allows a custom open_session method to use the
            # request context (e.g. code that access database information
            # stored on `g` instead of the appcontext).
            self.session = self.app.open_session(self.request)
            if self.session is None:
                self.session = self.app.make_null_session()
    def push(
     def full_dispatch_request(self):
           #执行:@before_first_request装饰的所有函数
            self.try_trigger_before_first_request_functions()
            try:
                request_started.send(self)   #(2.视图函数没执行,请求刚进来执行 request_started.send(self))
                rv = self.preprocess_request()
                if rv is None:
                     #执行视图函数
                     #执行session
                    rv = self.dispatch_request()    #(执行视图函数)
                                                    #如果有模板先执行
                                                    #     3. before_render_template = _signals.signal('before-render-template')  # 模板渲染前执行
                                                    #     4. template_rendered = _signals.signal('template-rendered')            # 模板渲染后执行
                                                    #执行完这两个模板后在执行下面的
                    
            except Exception as e:
                rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
            #执行:@after_request装饰所有的函数,保存session
            return self.finalize_request(rv)
    def full_dispatch_request
     def process_response(self, response):
            
                ctx = _request_ctx_stack.top
                bp = ctx.request.blueprint
                funcs = ctx._after_request_functions
                if bp is not None and bp in self.after_request_funcs:
                    funcs = chain(funcs, reversed(self.after_request_funcs[bp]))
                if None in self.after_request_funcs:
                    funcs = chain(funcs, reversed(self.after_request_funcs[None]))
                #执行 @after_request装饰的所有的函数
                for handler in funcs:
                    response = handler(response)
                #最后处理session
                if not self.session_interface.is_null_session(ctx.session):
                    self.save_session(ctx.session, response)
                return response
    def process_response
    def finalize_request(self, rv, from_error_handler=False):
            response = self.make_response(rv)
            try:
                response = self.process_response(response)
                request_finished.send(self, response=response)  #(5.视图函数执行完,请求结束后执行request_finished.send)
            except Exception:
                if not from_error_handler:
                    raise
                self.logger.exception('Request finalizing failed with an '
                                      'error while handling an error')
            return response
    def finalize_request
    def auto_pop(self, exc):
            if self.request.environ.get('flask._preserve_context') or 
               (exc is not None and self.app.preserve_context_on_exception):
                self.preserved = True
                self._preserved_exc = exc
            else:
                self.pop(exc)
    def auto_pop
    def pop(self, exc=_sentinel):
            app_ctx = self._implicit_app_ctx_stack.pop()   (#app_ctx是AppContext(self.app)对象))
    
            try:
                clear_request = False
                if not self._implicit_app_ctx_stack:
                    self.preserved = False
                    self._preserved_exc = None
                    if exc is _sentinel:
                        exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
                    self.app.do_teardown_request(exc)
    
                    # If this interpreter supports clearing the exception information
                    # we do that now.  This will only go into effect on Python 2.x,
                    # on 3.x it disappears automatically at the end of the exception
                    # stack.
                    if hasattr(sys, 'exc_clear'):
                        sys.exc_clear()
    
                    request_close = getattr(self.request, 'close', None)
                    if request_close is not None:
                        request_close()
                    clear_request = True
            finally:
                rv = _request_ctx_stack.pop()
    
                # get rid of circular dependencies at the end of the request
                # so that we don't require the GC to be active.
                if clear_request:
                    rv.request.environ['werkzeug.request'] = None
    
                # Get rid of the app as well if necessary.
                if app_ctx is not None:
                    app_ctx.pop(exc)
    
                assert rv is self, 'Popped wrong request context.  ' 
                    '(%r instead of %r)' % (rv, self)
    def pop
     def do_teardown_request(self, exc=_sentinel):
            if exc is _sentinel:
                exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
            funcs = reversed(self.teardown_request_funcs.get(None, ()))
            bp = _request_ctx_stack.top.request.blueprint
            if bp is not None and bp in self.teardown_request_funcs:
                funcs = chain(funcs, reversed(self.teardown_request_funcs[bp]))
            for func in funcs:
                func(exc)
            request_tearing_down.send(self, exc=exc)     #( 6.request_tearing_down请求执行完毕后自动执行(无论成功与否))
    def do_teardown_request
    def do_teardown_appcontext(self, exc=_sentinel):
           
            if exc is _sentinel:
                exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
            for func in reversed(self.teardown_appcontext_funcs):
                func(exc)
            appcontext_tearing_down.send(self, exc=exc)    (#7.appcontext_tearing_down请求上下文执行完毕后自动执行(无论成功与否))
            
    def do_teardown_appcontext
    def pop(self, exc=_sentinel):
            try:
                self._refcnt -= 1
                if self._refcnt <= 0:
                    if exc is _sentinel:
                        exc = sys.exc_info()[1]
                    self.app.do_teardown_appcontext(exc)
            finally:
                rv = _app_ctx_stack.pop()
            assert rv is self, 'Popped wrong app context.  (%r instead of %r)' 
                % (rv, self)
            appcontext_popped.send(self.app)   (#8. appcontext_popped # 请求上下文pop时执行)
    def pop

    三、自定义信号

    from flask import Flask,flash
    from flask.signals import _signals
    app = Flask(__name__)

    wh = _signals.signal('wh')


    # 定义函数
    def luominwen(*args,**kwargs):
    print('罗姑娘',args,kwargs)

    # 定义函数
    def shaowei(*args,**kwargs):
    print('少姑娘',args,kwargs)

    # 将函数注册到request_started信号中: 添加到这个列表
    wh.connect(luominwen)
    wh.connect(shaowei)

    @app.route('/index')
    def index():
    # 触发这个信号:执行注册到列表中的所有函数
    # 发送短信,邮件,微信
    wh.send(sender='xxx',a1=123,a2=456)
    return "xx"

    if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.__call__
    app.run()

    问题:
    特殊的装饰器和信号有什么区别?
    - 装饰器返回值有意义
    - 信号用于做什么呢?
    - 降低代码之间的耦合

     四、django内置的信号

    Request/response signals
                        request_started             # 请求到来前,自动触发
                        request_finished            # 请求结束后,自动触发
                        got_request_exception       # 请求异常后,自动触发
                    
                    Model signals
                        pre_init                    # django的modal执行其构造方法前,自动触发
                        post_init                   # django的modal执行其构造方法后,自动触发
                        
                        pre_save                    # django的modal对象保存前,自动触发
                        post_save                   # django的modal对象保存后,自动触发
                        
                        pre_delete                  # django的modal对象删除前,自动触发
                        post_delete                 # django的modal对象删除后,自动触发
                        
                        m2m_changed                 # django的modal中使用m2m字段操作第三张表(add,remove,clear)前后,自动触发
                        
                        class_prepared              # 程序启动时,检测已注册的app中modal类,对于每一个类,自动触发
                        
                    Management signals
                        pre_migrate                 # 执行migrate命令前,自动触发
                        post_migrate                # 执行migrate命令后,自动触发
                    
                    Test signals
                        setting_changed             # 使用test测试修改配置文件时,自动触发
                        template_rendered           # 使用test测试渲染模板时,自动触发
                    Database Wrappers
                        connection_created          # 创建数据库连接时,自动触发

    需求:新浪面试,数据库12张表,每张表创建一条数据时,记录一条日志。
                       重写save方法或者用信号,找到信号注册一个函数
                       注意注册一个函数是:把这个注册的函数放在文件刚启动起来的位置,如:__init.py 里面
                       注册的函数为:

    def func(*args,**):
        print(args,kwargs)
    post_save.connect(func)                    
    v1 = [11,22,33,44]
    v2 = [1,4,7,5]
    from itertools import chain
    ff = []
    for i in chain(v1,v2):   #chain会把两个列表连接在一块
        ff.append(i)
    print(ff)     #[11, 22, 33, 44, 1, 4, 7, 5]
    chain的应用

    flask信号本生自己没有,用的是别人的,并且这些信号通过装饰器全部可以代替了的,但是Django里面有些特殊的
    就是那些model操作根本没有装饰器,就是同过内置的信号来完成的

     

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/mengqingjian/p/8259504.html
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