准备
- 当然是可以上网的机器，可以是虚拟机，VPS，服务器，安装CentOS，其他分支没测试过，最好在虚拟机上先试手一下，因为有snapshot，随时可以回滚所有操作。
- 必要时先清空iptables， 关闭SELINUX
- 源文件下载的目录是
/usr/local/src
前期工作
更新系统，安装必要的程序，此步骤需要用到yum命令
安装 先下载各个软件包
cd /usr/local/src wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.0.tar.gz wget http://au.php.net/get/php-5.3.tar.gz/from/us.php.net/mirror wget http://pecl.php.net/get/APC-3.1.tgz wget http://mysql.mirror.kangaroot.net/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.tar.gz wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0 wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0 wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0 wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.30/pcre-8.30.tar.gz?r=http%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Fpcre%2Ffiles%2Fpcre%2%2F&ts=1335184494&use_mirror=aarnet wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/eaccelerator/eaccelerator/eAccelerator%200.9/eaccelerator-0.9.tar.bz2?r=http%3A%2F%2Fsourceforge.net%2Fprojects%2Feaccelerator%2Ffiles%2Feaccelerator%2FeAccelerator%25200.9%2F&ts=1335276559&use_mirror=waix
然后安装各个库，依次是libiconv，libmcrypt，mhash， mcrypt 和pcre
tar zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz cd libiconv-1.14 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local make make install cd ../ tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/ ./configure make make install /sbin/ldconfig cd libltdl/ ./configure --enable-ltdl-install make make install cd ../../ tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz cd mhash-0.9.9.9/ ./configure make make install cd ../ ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2 ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz cd mcrypt-2.6.8/ /sbin/ldconfig ./configure make make install cd ../ tar zxvf pcre-8.30.tar.gz cd pcre-8.30 ./configure make && make install cd ../
一、安装MySQL
首先是添加组
groupadd mysql #创建目录，存放data和pid mkdir -p /home/mysql/mysql-5.1/3306/ chown -R mysql:mysql /home/mysql/ useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M -g mysql mysql
然后是解压，编译和安装，注意，我将LNMP需要的应用都放在了/usr/local/webserver里面
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
#在configure的过程中，可能会遇到很多依赖库不存在而报错的问题。用yum吧，比如openssl不存在,yum install openssl-devel make && make install
修改目录权限，配置文件，因为不是什么大型服务器，所以先复制使用默认的中等配置文件，同时将自带用于启动，重启mysql的文件复制到init.d目录，用于service命令来restart等操作，最后是创建开机启动
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --user=mysql cp -f /usr/local/webserver/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf #将skip-locking 转换成skip-external-locking sed -i 's/skip-locking/skip-external-locking/g ' /etc/my.cnf sed -i 's:#innodb:innodb:g ' /etc/my.cnf cp /usr/local/webserver/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld #添加执行权限 ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/insclude/mysql /usr/include/mysql chkconfig mysqld on #设置开机启动
在my.cnf 的[mysqld]里面增加（或将对应字段修改成）以下：
log-error = /home/mysql/mysql-5.1.62/3306/mysql_error.log pid-file = /home/mysql/mysql-5.1.62/3306/mysql.pid datadir = /home/mysql/mysql-5.1.62/3306/data
重启机器后，mysql会自动启动，接着是设定其root帐号密码，再先将默认帐号密码都去掉
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘root ' cat > /tmp/mysql_sec_script<<EOF use mysql; delete from user where not (user= 'root ') ; delete from user where user= 'root ' and password= ' '; drop database test; DROP USER ''@ '%'; flush privileges; EOF /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root –p 'root ' -h localhost < /tmp/mysql_sec_script rm -f /tmp/mysql_sec_script /etc/init.d/mysqld restart /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
二、安装PHP
cd /usr/local/src tar zvxf php-5.3.tar.gz cd php-5.3 mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/php ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fpm --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --with-mysql-sock=/tmp/mysql.sock
#一大堆的依赖库要安装，yum吧。等一个一个安装以后，成功configure会有成就感的。yum install libpng-devel
#注意查看一下/tmp/mysql_sock是否存在，不存在的话，把mysql启动了。
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS= '-liconv ' make install cp php.ini-production /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm #因为php5.3开始自带fpm，使用自带的管理脚本 chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm chkconfig php-fpm on #设置开机自启动 cp /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
然后修改php-fpm.conf，将pid改成以下，并将user和group改成www
pid = run/php-fpm.pid user = www group = www
然后安装eAccelerator
cd ../ tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.tar.bz2 cd eaccelerator-0.9 /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize #记录下输出 ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../
修改php.ini，查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension\_dir = "./"，修改为extension\_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/"，此路径为刚刚的输出路径。再查找cgi.fix\_pathinfo=0，修改为cgi.fix\_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件类型错误解析漏洞。接着是配置eAccelerator，
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
在结尾加入以下内容
[eaccelerator] zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/eaccelerator.so" eaccelerator.shm_size="64" eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache" eaccelerator.enable="1" eaccelerator.optimizer="1" eaccelerator.check_mtime="1" eaccelerator.debug="0" eaccelerator.filter="" eaccelerator.shm_max="0" eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600" eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600" eaccelerator.shm_only="0" eaccelerator.compress="1" eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
编译安装apc
cd /usr/local/src tar -zxvf APC-3.1.9.tgz cd APC-3.1.9 /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --enable-apc --enable-apc-mmap --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install
然后就是修改/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录下的php.ini，添加apc模块
extension = "apc.so" apc.enabled = 1 apc.cache_by_default = on apc.shm_segments = 1 apc.shm_size = 32M apc.ttl = 3600 apc.user_ttl = 3600 apc.num_files_hint = 0 apc.write_lock = On
三、安装Nginx
首先是建立好用户组
groupadd www useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g www www #www用户不能login mkdir -p /home/wwwroot #此路径是用于存放各域名的root路径 chmod +w /home/wwwroot mkdir -p /home/wwwlogs chmod 755 /home/wwwlogs chown -R www:www /home/wwwroot
安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-1.0.15.tar.gz cd nginx-1.0.15/ ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module make && make install mkdir /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/vhost/ #用于配置各域名
修改Nginx的配置文件
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
输入以下内容
user www www; worker_processes 1; error_log /home/wwwlogs/nginx_error.log crit; pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/nginx.pid; #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; events { use epoll; worker_connections 51200; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_max_body_size 8m; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 60; tcp_nodelay on; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; #limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m; #log format log_format access '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for '; include vhost/*.conf; }
这是基本的nginx配置，接着是设定每个域名的配置信息
cd /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/vhost vi domain.com.conf
输入以下内容，这样nginx就可以支持php了。注意，请根据自身需要设定domain.com
server { listen 80; server_name www.domain.com domain.com; index index.html index.htm index.php default.html default.htm default.php; root /home/wwwroot/domain.com/www; location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$ { fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fastcgi.conf; } location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ { expires 30d; } location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$ { expires 12h; } access_log /home/wwwlogs/domain.com.access.log; }
然后为刚刚的域名创建root目录 mkdir -p /home/wwwroot/domain.com/www/
因为默认是没有nginx管理脚本的，在此先新建一个，运行vi /etc/init.d/nginx，输入
#! /bin/sh # chkconfig: 2345 55 25 # Description: Startup script for nginx webserver on Debian. Place in /etc/init.d and # run 'update-rc.d -f nginx defaults ', or use the appropriate command on your # distro. For CentOS/Redhat run: 'chkconfig --add nginx ' ### BEGIN INIT INFO # Provides: nginx # Required-Start: $all # Required-Stop: $all # Default-Start: 2 3 4 5 # Default-Stop: 0 1 6 # Short-Description: starts the nginx web server # Description: starts nginx using start-stop-daemon ### END INIT INFO PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin DESC="nginx daemon" NAME=nginx DAEMON=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/$NAME CONFIGFILE=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/$NAME.conf PIDFILE=/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/$NAME.pid SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME set -e [ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0 do_start() { $DAEMON -c $CONFIGFILE || echo -n "nginx already running" } do_stop() { kill -INT `cat $PIDFILE` || echo -n "nginx not running" } do_reload() { kill -HUP `cat $PIDFILE` || echo -n "nginx can 't reload" } case "$1" in start) echo -n "Starting $DESC: $NAME" do_start echo "." ;; stop) echo -n "Stopping $DESC: $NAME" do_stop echo "." ;; reload|graceful) echo -n "Reloading $DESC configuration..." do_reload echo "." ;; restart) echo -n "Restarting $DESC: $NAME" do_stop do_start echo "." ;; *) echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|reload|restart}" >&2 exit 3 ;; esac exit 0
为该文件增加执行权限，并设置为自启动
chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx chkconfig nginx on
环境说明
直接输入以下命令，会得到相应的结果
service nginx restart 重启nginx service mysqld restart 重启mysql service php-fpm restart 重启php-fpm service php-fpm stop 停止php-fpm service php-fpm start 启动php-fpm
各站点的根目录是/home/wwwroot/
应用的目录是 /usr/local/webserver/
各配置文件的存放位置是：
php: /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/
mysql: /etc/
nginx: /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/
FAQ：
- 启动nginx的时候遇到 error while loading shared libraries: libpcre.so.1:
答：增加以下软连接，注意，如果是64位系统，对应目录是/lib64
#cd /lib64 cd /lib ln -s libpcre.so libpcre.so