电子邮件发送的原理以及简易实现

    在代码開始之前，我们先手工模拟一遍发送电子邮件的过程。那么接下来的代码你就easy懂多了！

    以下以163邮箱为例！

    

     先键入telnet命令。然后连接到网易的smtpserver,使用25号port.

     

     接着看下图:

<<<<<<

              从如今開始。我们能够模拟发送信件的过程了!

     发送命令：EHLO hello  (hello能够随意替换)

     

     然后我们请求登陆！

     发送命令: AUTH LOGIN

     

     然后发送自己账户的username的base64编码(不要@XXX.com)过去!我用的一个測试邮箱it_is_just_a_test@163.com,it_is_just_a_test的base64编码是aXRfaXNfanVzdF9hX3Rlc3Q=

     

      然后将自己的password的base64编码发过去！我的password的base64编码是MTk5MzA3MTRseWg=

     

     server告诉你认证成功了！我们如今就能够发送邮件了!

     先发送邮件说明:MAIL FROM: <it_is_just_a_test@163.com>

     然后发送目的邮箱说明:RCPT TO: <it_is_just_a_test@126.com>

     然后请求发送邮件:DATA     

        然后发送邮件头和邮件体，发送数据：

     From: it_is_just_a_test@163.com

     To: it_is_just_a_test@126.com

     Subject: 測试一下

     MIME-Version: 1.0

     这是一封測试邮件!!! .

     (在正文输入结束时回车输入一个 . （英文输入法下的句号）然后再回车。表示正文部分的结束。这时将显示邮件成功发送的信息。)<CR><LF>表示的是回车

               

                当信件发送完毕了之后。我们能够利用quit命令关闭与server的连接！

                基本原理就是这样了：然后我们来看代码吧！(利用程序发送的时候无非就是把回车换成" "!)

     

#include <iostream>
#include <WinSock2.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;
#pragma  comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")	/*链接ws2_32.lib动态链接库*/
const int MAXSIZE = 1024;

int srvPort = 25;
char srvDomain[256] = "smtp.163.com";
char userName[256] = "it_is_just_a_test@163.com"; //自己的邮箱名称
char password[256] = "19930714lyh"; //自己邮箱的密码
char targetEmail[256] = "it_is_just_a_test@126.com"; //要发送的邮件地址
char emailTitle[256] = "你好！我是李树花开！
"; //邮件主题
char content[256] = "这是一封測试邮件！
非常高兴我的第一个邮件client制作成功了！
";//邮件正文

SOCKET CreateConn(char* pWebsite,int port)
{
	//为建立socket对象做准备。初始化环境
	SOCKET sockClient = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);     //建立socket对象
	SOCKADDR_IN addrSrv;   
	HOSTENT* pHostent;
    pHostent = gethostbyname(pWebsite);  //得到有关于域名的信息
    
	addrSrv.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = *((DWORD *)pHostent->h_addr_list[0]);	//得到smtpserver的网络字节序的ip地址   
	addrSrv.sin_family=AF_INET;   
	addrSrv.sin_port=htons(port);   
	int tf = connect(sockClient,(SOCKADDR*)&addrSrv,sizeof(SOCKADDR));   //向server发送请求  
	if(tf!=0)
	{
		return 0;
		//printf("链接失败
");
	}
	return sockClient;
}

//int DoWhat是否接受数据
void SendAndRecvMsg(
					SOCKET sockClient,		//client的套接字
					char* pMessage,			//要发送的消息
					int Messagelen,			//消息的长度
					int DoWhat,				//造作的类型
					char* recvBuf,			//接收的缓冲区
					int recvBufLen			//缓冲区长度
					)
{
	char lpMessage[256] = {0};
	memcpy(lpMessage, pMessage, Messagelen);
	printf("

%s 
", lpMessage);
	if (DoWhat == 0)
	{
		send(sockClient, lpMessage, Messagelen, 0);
		memset(recvBuf , 0, recvBufLen);
		DWORD num = recv(sockClient, recvBuf, recvBufLen, 0);     //接收数据
		printf("%s 
", recvBuf); 
		int i = 0;
		while(i != num)
		{
			printf("%02X ", recvBuf[i++]); 
			if((i)%16 == 0)
			{
				printf("
"); 
			}
		}
		printf("
");
		
	}
	else if (DoWhat == 1)
	{
		send(sockClient, lpMessage, Messagelen, 0);
		
	}
	else if (DoWhat == 2) //不过接收数据
	{
		memset(recvBuf, 0, recvBufLen);
		DWORD num=recv(sockClient,recvBuf,recvBufLen,0);     //接收数据
		cout << recvBuf << endl;
		int i = 0;
		while(i < num)
		{
			printf("%02X ", (byte)recvBuf[i++]); 
			if((i)%16 == 0)
			{
				printf("
"); 
			}
		}
		printf("
");
	}
	
}

int GetStrLen(char* pString) //得到字符串的长度
{
	int i = 0;
	while(pString[i++] != 0);
	return i-1;
}


void StringToBase64(const char *src,char *dst)
{/*将字符串变为base64编码*/
    int i = 0;
    char *p = dst;
    int d= strlen(src) - 3;
	static const char Base64[] =
    "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
    //for(i=0;i<strlen(src)-3;i+=3) ;if (strlen(src)-3)<0 there is a buf
	
    for(i=0;i<=d;i+=3)
    {
        *p++ = Base64[((*(src + i)) >> 2) & 0x3f];
        *p++ = Base64[(((*(src + i)) & 0x3) << 4) + ((*(src + i + 1)) >> 4)];
        *p++ = Base64[((*(src + i + 1) & 0xf) << 2) + ((*(src + i + 2)) >> 6)];
        *p++ = Base64[(*(src + i + 2)) & 0x3f];
    }
    if((strlen(src) - i) == 1)
    {
        *p++ = Base64[((*(src + i)) >> 2) & 0x3f];
        *p++ = Base64[((*(src + i)) & 0x3) << 4];
        *p++ = '=';
        *p++ = '=';
    }
    if((strlen(src) - i) == 2)
    {
        *p++ = Base64[((*(src + i)) >> 2) & 0x3f];
        *p++ = Base64[(((*(src + i)) & 0x3) << 4) + ((*(src + i + 1)) >> 4)];
        *p++ = Base64[((*(src + i + 1) & 0xf) << 2)];
        *p++ = '=';
    }
    *p = '';
}


bool FormatEmail(char* pFrom, char* pTo, char* pSubject, char* pMessage, char* Email)
{/*格式化要发送的内容*/
	lstrcat(Email, "From: ");
	lstrcat(Email, pFrom);
	lstrcat(Email, "
");
	
	lstrcat(Email, "To: ");
	lstrcat(Email, pTo);
	lstrcat(Email, "
");
	
	lstrcat(Email, "Subject: ");
	lstrcat(Email, pSubject);
	lstrcat(Email, "
");
	
	lstrcat(Email, "MIME-Version: 1.0");
	lstrcat(Email, "
");
	lstrcat(Email, "
");
	
	lstrcat(Email, pMessage);
	
	lstrcat(Email, "
.
");
	return TRUE;
}

void main()
{
	
	WORD wVersionRequested;
	WSADATA wsaData;
	int err;
	
	wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(2, 1);
	err = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData);
	SOCKET sockClient = CreateConn(srvDomain, srvPort); //网易smtp邮箱。25号端口

	char buff[MAXSIZE];
    memset(buff, 0, sizeof(char) * MAXSIZE);  //清零

	SendAndRecvMsg(sockClient, 0, 0, 2, buff, MAXSIZE);  //接收数据
	
	char UserNameToSendEmail[256] = {0};
	sprintf(UserNameToSendEmail, "EHLO %s", "it_is_just_a_test@163.com");
	lstrcat(UserNameToSendEmail, "
");
	SendAndRecvMsg(sockClient, UserNameToSendEmail, GetStrLen(UserNameToSendEmail), 0, buff, MAXSIZE); //既接收也发送

    SendAndRecvMsg(sockClient, "AUTH LOGIN
", strlen("AUTH LOGIN
"), 0, buff, MAXSIZE); //请求登陆
    char pUerName[256] = {0};
	//strstr函数搜索一个字符串在还有一个字符串中的第一次出现，并返回第一次出现位置的指针

	DWORD p = strstr(userName,"@") - userName; 
	memcpy(pUerName, userName, p); //得到username,如从"13203200199@163.com"得到"13203200199"
    char base[256];
    StringToBase64(pUerName, base); //得到username的base64编码

	char str[MAXSIZE];
	memset(str, 0, MAXSIZE);
	sprintf(str, "%s
", base/*"MTMyMDMyMDAxOTk="*/);
	SendAndRecvMsg(sockClient, str, lstrlen(str), 0, buff, MAXSIZE); //发送username，并接收server的返回

	StringToBase64(password, base);
	memset(str, 0, 1024);
	sprintf(str, "%s
", base);
	SendAndRecvMsg(sockClient, str, lstrlen(str),0, buff, MAXSIZE); //发送用户密码。并接收server的返回

	char MailFrom[256] = {0};
	sprintf(MailFrom, "MAIL FROM: <%s>
", userName);
	
	SendAndRecvMsg(sockClient, MailFrom, lstrlen(MailFrom), 0, buff, MAXSIZE);
	
	char RcptTo[256] = {0};
	sprintf(RcptTo, "RCPT TO: <%s>
", targetEmail);
	SendAndRecvMsg(sockClient, RcptTo, lstrlen(RcptTo), 0, buff, MAXSIZE);

	SendAndRecvMsg(sockClient, "DATA
", lstrlen("DATA
"), 0, buff, MAXSIZE);

	char Email[1024] = {0};
	FormatEmail(userName, targetEmail, emailTitle, content, Email);
	
	SendAndRecvMsg(sockClient,Email,lstrlen(Email), 0, buff, MAXSIZE);
	
	SendAndRecvMsg(sockClient,"QUIT
", lstrlen("QUIT
"), 0, buff, MAXSIZE);

    closesocket(sockClient);   
	WSACleanup();
}