Android 系统广播机制

一、Android应用程序注冊广播接收器（registerReceiver）的过程分析

       參考Android应用程序注冊广播接收器（registerReceiver）的过程分析http://blog.csdn.net/luoshengyang/article/details/6737352和《Android系统源码情景分析》，作者罗升阳。

        0、总图：

        1、MainActivity和CounterService所在应用程序主线程向ActivityManagerService进程发送REGISTER_RECEIVER_TRANSACTION

 

       如图：第一步

       ~/Android/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app

       ----ActivityManagerNative.java

class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager
{
	......

	public Intent registerReceiver(IApplicationThread caller,
			IIntentReceiver receiver,
			IntentFilter filter, String perm) throws RemoteException
	{
		Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
		Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
		data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
		data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null);
		data.writeStrongBinder(receiver != null ? receiver.asBinder() : null);
		filter.writeToParcel(data, 0);
		data.writeString(perm);
		mRemote.transact(REGISTER_RECEIVER_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
		reply.readException();
		Intent intent = null;
		int haveIntent = reply.readInt();
		if (haveIntent != 0) {
			intent = Intent.CREATOR.createFromParcel(reply);
		}
		reply.recycle();
		data.recycle();
		return intent;
	}

	......

}

          当中receiver为InnerReceiver对象，例如以下图。还要filter，主要关注这两个參数。

       如图：第二步，省略binder_transaction传输过程，由于上面已经分析过了。

       如图：第三步

       ~/Android/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app

       ----ActivityManagerNative.java

public abstract class ActivityManagerNative extends Binder implements IActivityManager
{
    ......
    public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags)
            throws RemoteException {
        switch (code) {
        case REGISTER_RECEIVER_TRANSACTION:
        {
            data.enforceInterface(IActivityManager.descriptor);
            IBinder b = data.readStrongBinder();
            IApplicationThread app =
                b != null ?
 ApplicationThreadNative.asInterface(b) : null;
            b = data.readStrongBinder();
            IIntentReceiver rec
                = b != null ? IIntentReceiver.Stub.asInterface(b) : null;
            IntentFilter filter = IntentFilter.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
            String perm = data.readString();
            Intent intent = registerReceiver(app, rec, filter, perm);
            reply.writeNoException();
            if (intent != null) {
                reply.writeInt(1);
                intent.writeToParcel(reply, 0);
            } else {
                reply.writeInt(0);
            }
            return true;
        }
    .......
}

        rec为IIntentReceiver.Stub.Proxy对象，如上图所看到的。还要filter，主要关注这两个參数。

       如图：第四步 

       ~/Android/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am

       ----ActivityManagerService.java

public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
		implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
	......

	public Intent registerReceiver(IApplicationThread caller,
			IIntentReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter, String permission) {
		synchronized(this) {
			ProcessRecord callerApp = null;
			if (caller != null) {
				callerApp = getRecordForAppLocked(caller);
				if (callerApp == null) {
					......
				}
			}

			.......
			ReceiverList rl
				= (ReceiverList)mRegisteredReceivers.get(receiver.asBinder());
			if (rl == null) {
				rl = new ReceiverList(this, callerApp,
					Binder.getCallingPid(),
					Binder.getCallingUid(), receiver);

				if (rl.app != null) {
					rl.app.receivers.add(rl);
				} else {
					......
				}
				mRegisteredReceivers.put(receiver.asBinder(), rl);
			}

			BroadcastFilter bf = new BroadcastFilter(filter, rl, permission);
			rl.add(bf);
			......
			mReceiverResolver.addFilter(bf);

			// Enqueue broadcasts for all existing stickies that match
			// this filter.
			if (allSticky != null) {
				......
			}

			return sticky;
		}
	}

	......

}

  
        主要做了下面几件事：

      （1）依据receiver创建ReceiverList。

      （2）依据filter和rl创建BroadcastFilter。

      （3）mReceiver.addFilter(bf)。

二、Android应用程序发送广播（sendBroadcast）的过程分析

      0、总图

      1、MainActivity和CounterService所在应用程序主线程向ActivityManagerService进程发送BROADCAST_INTENT_TRANSACTION

      

       如图：第一步

       ~/Android/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app

       ----ActivityManagerNative.java

class ActivityManagerProxy implements IActivityManager
{
	......

	public int broadcastIntent(IApplicationThread caller,
		Intent intent, String resolvedType,  IIntentReceiver resultTo,
		int resultCode, String resultData, Bundle map,
		String requiredPermission, boolean serialized,
		boolean sticky) throws RemoteException
	{
		Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
		Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
		data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
		data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null);
		intent.writeToParcel(data, 0);
		data.writeString(resolvedType);
		data.writeStrongBinder(resultTo != null ? resultTo.asBinder() : null);
		data.writeInt(resultCode);
		data.writeString(resultData);
		data.writeBundle(map);
		data.writeString(requiredPermission);
		data.writeInt(serialized ? 1 : 0);
		data.writeInt(sticky ? 1 : 0);
		mRemote.transact(BROADCAST_INTENT_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
		reply.readException();
		int res = reply.readInt();
		reply.recycle();
		data.recycle();
		return res;
	}

	......

}

        当中主要关注intent參数。

       如图：第二步，省略binder_transaction传输过程。由于上面已经分析过了。

       如图：第三步

       ~/Android/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app

       ----ActivityManagerNative.java

public abstract class ActivityManagerNative extends Binder implements IActivityManager
{
    ......
    public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags)
            throws RemoteException {
        switch (code) {
        case BROADCAST_INTENT_TRANSACTION:
        {
            data.enforceInterface(IActivityManager.descriptor);
            IBinder b = data.readStrongBinder();
            IApplicationThread app =
                b != null ?
 ApplicationThreadNative.asInterface(b) : null;
            Intent intent = Intent.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
            String resolvedType = data.readString();
            b = data.readStrongBinder();
            IIntentReceiver resultTo =
                b != null ?
 IIntentReceiver.Stub.asInterface(b) : null;
            int resultCode = data.readInt();
            String resultData = data.readString();
            Bundle resultExtras = data.readBundle();
            String perm = data.readString();
            boolean serialized = data.readInt() != 0;
            boolean sticky = data.readInt() != 0;
            int res = broadcastIntent(app, intent, resolvedType, resultTo,
                    resultCode, resultData, resultExtras, perm,
                    serialized, sticky);
            reply.writeNoException();
            reply.writeInt(res);
            return true;
        }
    .......
}

       如图：第四步 

       ~/Android/frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/am

       ----ActivityManagerService.java

public final class ActivityManagerService extends ActivityManagerNative
		implements Watchdog.Monitor, BatteryStatsImpl.BatteryCallback {
	......

	public final int broadcastIntent(IApplicationThread caller,
			Intent intent, String resolvedType, IIntentReceiver resultTo,
			int resultCode, String resultData, Bundle map,
			String requiredPermission, boolean serialized, boolean sticky) {
		synchronized(this) {
			intent = verifyBroadcastLocked(intent);

			final ProcessRecord callerApp = getRecordForAppLocked(caller);
			final int callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
			final int callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
			final long origId = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
			int res = broadcastIntentLocked(callerApp,
				callerApp != null ? callerApp.info.packageName : null,
				intent, resolvedType, resultTo,
				resultCode, resultData, map, requiredPermission, serialized,
				sticky, callingPid, callingUid);
			Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(origId);
			return res;
		}
	}

	......
}

          
        主要做了下面几件事：

      （1）依据intent找出对应的广播接收器：

List<BroadcastFilter> registeredReceivers = null; 
registeredReceivers = mReceiverResolver.queryIntent(intent, resolvedType, false);

      （2）依据intent(里面还包括数据)。registeredReceivers创建BroadcastRecord对象，并增加mParallelBroadcasts中：

BroadcastRecord r = new BroadcastRecord(intent, callerApp,
		callerPackage, callingPid, callingUid, requiredPermission,
		registeredReceivers, resultTo, resultCode, resultData, map,
		ordered, sticky, false);
mParallelBroadcasts.add(r);

      （3）依据r和从r中得到的BroadcastFilter(即上面注冊时的BroadcastFilter)，调用deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked：

deliverToRegisteredReceiverLocked(r, (BroadcastFilter)target, false);

      （4）调用filter.receiverList.receiver和new Intent(r.intent)调用performReceiveLocked：

performReceiveLocked(filter.receiverList.app, filter.receiverList.receiver,
					new Intent(r.intent), r.resultCode,
					r.resultData, r.resultExtras, r.ordered, r.initialSticky);

     （5）ActivityManagerService进程向MainActivity和CounterService所在应用程序子线程发送SCHEDULE_REGISTERED_RECEIVER_TRANSACTION

app.thread.scheduleRegisteredReceiver(receiver, intent, resultCode,
					data, extras, ordered, sticky);

       当中receiver为IIntentReceiver.Stub.Proxy对象。intent为要传递的数据。    

 

        2、ActivityManagerService进程向MainActivity和CounterService所在应用程序子线程发送SCHEDULE_REGISTERED_RECEIVER_TRANSACTION

         如图：第一步

         ~/Android/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app

         ----ApplicationThreadNative.java，ApplicationThreadProxy类

class ApplicationThreadProxy implements IApplicationThread {
	......

	public void scheduleRegisteredReceiver(IIntentReceiver receiver, Intent intent,
			int resultCode, String dataStr, Bundle extras, boolean ordered, boolean sticky)
			throws RemoteException {
		Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
		data.writeInterfaceToken(IApplicationThread.descriptor);
		data.writeStrongBinder(receiver.asBinder());
		intent.writeToParcel(data, 0);
		data.writeInt(resultCode);
		data.writeString(dataStr);
		data.writeBundle(extras);
		data.writeInt(ordered ?
 1 : 0);
		data.writeInt(sticky ?
 1 : 0);
		mRemote.transact(SCHEDULE_REGISTERED_RECEIVER_TRANSACTION, data, null,
			IBinder.FLAG_ONEWAY);
		data.recycle();
	}

	......
}

       当中receiver为IIntentReceiver.Stub.Proxy对象，intent为要传递的数据。

       如图：第二步，省略binder_transaction传输过程，由于上面已经分析过了。

       如图：第三步

       ~/Android/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app

       ----ApplicationThreadNative.java

public abstract class ApplicationThreadNative extends Binder
        implements IApplicationThread {
    ........
    public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags)
            throws RemoteException {
        switch (code) {
         case SCHEDULE_REGISTERED_RECEIVER_TRANSACTION: {
            data.enforceInterface(IApplicationThread.descriptor);
            IIntentReceiver receiver = IIntentReceiver.Stub.asInterface(
                    data.readStrongBinder());
            Intent intent = Intent.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
            int resultCode = data.readInt();
            String dataStr = data.readString();
            Bundle extras = data.readBundle();
            boolean ordered = data.readInt() != 0;
            boolean sticky = data.readInt() != 0;
            scheduleRegisteredReceiver(receiver, intent,
                    resultCode, dataStr, extras, ordered, sticky);
            return true;
        }
   .......
}

        当中receiver为InnerReceiver。

intent为要传递的数据。

        大家已经对，IIntentReceiver.Stub.asInterface( data.readStrongBinder())非常费解，data.readStrongBinder得到是InnerReceiver对象，那为什么要生成IIntentReceiver.Stub.Proxy的代理对象呢？事实上不然。绕了一圈，最后还是生成了InnerReceiver对象。

public static android.content.IIntentReceiver asInterface(
				android.os.IBinder obj) {
			if ((obj == null)) {
				return null;
			}
			android.os.IInterface iin = (android.os.IInterface) obj
					.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);//假设是BinderProxy对象调用这种方法。返回的NULL。可是如今是InnerReceiver，详细调用例如以下，返回的是IInterface
			if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof android.content.IIntentReceiver))) {
				return ((android.content.IIntentReceiver) iin);
			}
			return new android.content.IIntentReceiver.Stub.Proxy(obj);
		}

 public IInterface queryLocalInterface(String descriptor) {
        if (mDescriptor.equals(descriptor)) {
            return mOwner;
        }
        return null;
    }

        如今是InnerReceiver，详细调用例如以下。返回的是IInterface。这个是在IIntentReceiver.Stub初始化时设置的。

public interface IIntentReceiver extends android.os.IInterface {
	/** Local-side IPC implementation stub class. */
	public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements
			android.content.IIntentReceiver {
		private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "android.content.IIntentReceiver";

		/** Construct the stub at attach it to the interface. */
		public Stub() {
			this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);
		}

        如图：第四步

        ~/Android/frameworks/base/core/java/android/app

        ----ActivityThread.java

public final class ActivityThread {
	......

	private final class ApplicationThread extends ApplicationThreadNative {
		......

		// This function exists to make sure all receiver dispatching is
		// correctly ordered, since these are one-way calls and the binder driver
		// applies transaction ordering per object for such calls.
		public void scheduleRegisteredReceiver(IIntentReceiver receiver, Intent intent,
				int resultCode, String dataStr, Bundle extras, boolean ordered,
				boolean sticky) throws RemoteException {
			receiver.performReceive(intent, resultCode, dataStr, extras, ordered, sticky);
		}

		......
	}

	......

}

       经过一系列折腾，最后在MainActivity和CounterService所在应用程序主线程运行：

 receiver.onReceive(mContext, intent);  

       运行onRecevice函数：  

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {    
	......  

	private BroadcastReceiver counterActionReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver(){  
		public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {  
			int counter = intent.getIntExtra(CounterService.COUNTER_VALUE, 0);  
			String text = String.valueOf(counter);  
			counterText.setText(text);  

			Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Receive counter event");  
		}    
	}

	......  

}