1 固定集合
固定集合值得是事先创建并且大小固定的集合
2 固定集合的特征:固定集合非常像环形队列。假设空间不足,最早文档就会被删除,为新的文档腾出空间。一般来说。固定集合适用于不论什么想要自己主动淘汰过期属性的场景,没有太多的操作限制。
3 创建固定集合使用命令:
db.createCollection(“collectionName”,{capped:true,size:100000,max:100});
size:指定集合大小,单位为KB,max指定文档的数量
当指定文档数量上限时,必须同一时候指定大小。
淘汰机制仅仅有在容量还没有满时才会根据文档数量来工作。要是容量满了,淘汰机制根据容量来工作。
4 创建一个集合:
>db.createCollection("cap1",{capped:true,size:1000,max:100});
{ "ok" : 1 }
>
5 插入数据
> for(var i=1;i<=100;i++){
...db.cap1.insert({name:"dongxue",age:i});
... }
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.cap1.find().count();
53 (大小之所以是53是由于大小超过了1000)
6 固定集合的应用场景:聊天记录。日志信息
淘汰机制:当满足size指定集合大小。不能再继续往固定集合中加数据。
固定集合的容量优先
当文档达到100条时,再加入的时候会替换先前的
7 备份与导入导出。
MongoDB提供了备份和回复的功能,各自是MongoDB下载文件夹下的mongodump.exe和mongorestore.exe文件。
备份数据使用以下的命令:
mongodump –h dbhost –d dbname –o dbdirectory
-h:MonDB所在server地址,比如:127.0.0.1,当然也能够指定port号:127.0.0.1:27017,当然该文件夹须要提前创建。在备份完毕后,系统自己主动在dump文件夹下建立一个test文件夹,这个文件夹里面存放该数据库实例的备份数据。
mongodump -h localhost:27017 -d toto -of:/beifeng
-h:用来指定要输出的数据库所在的ip地址和port号
-d: 指定要备份的数据库
-o: 表示要备份到的文件文件夹
运行后的效果图:
7 另外启动一个mongodb的client,目的是将数据库中toto数据库删掉
C:Users o-to>mongo MongoDB shell version: 2.6.4 connecting to: test > use toto; switched to db toto > db.help(); DB methods: db.adminCommand(nameOrDocument) - switches to 'admin' db, and runs command [ just calls db.r unCommand(...) ] db.auth(username, password) db.cloneDatabase(fromhost) db.commandHelp(name) returns the help for the command db.copyDatabase(fromdb, todb, fromhost) db.createCollection(name, { size : ..., capped : ..., max : ... } ) db.createUser(userDocument) db.currentOp() displays currently executing operations in the db db.dropDatabase() db.eval(func, args) run code server-side db.fsyncLock() flush data to disk and lock server for backups db.fsyncUnlock() unlocks server following a db.fsyncLock() db.getCollection(cname) same as db['cname'] or db.cname db.getCollectionNames() db.getLastError() - just returns the err msg string db.getLastErrorObj() - return full status object db.getMongo() get the server connection object db.getMongo().setSlaveOk() allow queries on a replication slave server db.getName() db.getPrevError() db.getProfilingLevel() - deprecated db.getProfilingStatus() - returns if profiling is on and slow threshold db.getReplicationInfo() db.getSiblingDB(name) get the db at the same server as this one db.getWriteConcern() - returns the write concern used for any operations on this db, inherit ed from server object if set db.hostInfo() get details about the server's host db.isMaster() check replica primary status db.killOp(opid) kills the current operation in the db db.listCommands() lists all the db commands db.loadServerScripts() loads all the scripts in db.system.js db.logout() db.printCollectionStats() db.printReplicationInfo() db.printShardingStatus() db.printSlaveReplicationInfo() db.dropUser(username) db.repairDatabase() db.resetError() db.runCommand(cmdObj) run a database command. if cmdObj is a string, turns it into { cmdObj : 1 } db.serverStatus() db.setProfilingLevel(level,<slowms>) 0=off 1=slow 2=all db.setWriteConcern( <write concern doc> ) - sets the write concern for writes to the db db.unsetWriteConcern( <write concern doc> ) - unsets the write concern for writes to the db db.setVerboseShell(flag) display extra information in shell output db.shutdownServer() db.stats() db.version() current version of the server > db.dropDatabase(); { "dropped" : "toto", "ok" : 1 } >
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8 数据还原
mongorestore -h localhost:27017 -d toto -directoryperdb F:/beifeng/toto -h:MongoDB所在server地址,比如:127.0.0.1,当然也能够指定port号:127.0.0.1:27017 -d:须要备份的数据库实例,比如test -o:备份的数据存放位置,当然该文件夹须要提前建立,在备份完毕后,系统自己主动在dump文件夹下建立一个test文件夹,这个文件夹里面存放数据库实例的备份数据。 |
C:Users o-to> mongorestore -h localhost:27017 -d toto -directoryperdb F:/beifeng/toto connected to: localhost:27017 2014-10-15T23:19:11.071+0800 F:/beifeng/totoc3.bson 2014-10-15T23:19:11.071+0800 going into namespace [toto.c3] 2014-10-15T23:19:14.009+0800 Progress: 5740200/54000000 10% (bytes) 2014-10-15T23:19:17.010+0800 Progress: 10125000/54000000 18% (bytes) 2014-10-15T23:19:20.010+0800 Progress: 15660000/54000000 29% (bytes) 2014-10-15T23:19:23.011+0800 Progress: 22528800/54000000 41% (bytes) 2014-10-15T23:19:26.013+0800 Progress: 29586600/54000000 54% (bytes) 2014-10-15T23:19:29.013+0800 Progress: 36752400/54000000 68% (bytes) 2014-10-15T23:19:32.000+0800 Progress: 43372800/54000000 80% (bytes) 2014-10-15T23:19:35.001+0800 Progress: 50284800/54000000 93% (bytes) 1000000 objects found 2014-10-15T23:19:36.579+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "toto.c3" } 2014-10-15T23:19:36.641+0800 Creating index: { unique: true, key: { age: 1 }, name: "age_1", ns: "toto.c3" } 2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800 F:/beifeng/totocap1.bson 2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800 going into namespace [toto.cap1] 2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800 Created collection toto.cap1 with options: { "create" : "cap1", "cap ped" : true, "size" : 4096, "max" : 100 } 53 objects found 2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "toto.cap1" } 2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800 F:/beifeng/totocap2.bson 2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800 going into namespace [toto.cap2] 2014-10-15T23:19:41.440+0800 Created collection toto.cap2 with options: { "create" : "cap2", "cap ped" : true, "size" : 4096, "max" : 100 } file F:/beifeng/totocap2.bson empty, skipping 2014-10-15T23:19:41.456+0800 Creating index: { key: { _id: 1 }, name: "_id_", ns: "toto.cap2" }
C:Users o-to>
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9 导入导出:
用到的应用mongoexport,mongoimport
mongoexport –h dhost –d dbname –c collectionName –o output 參数说明: -h 数据库地址 -d 指明使用的库 -c 指明要导出的集合 -o 指明要导出的文件名称 dname:表示要导出的数据库 collectionName:表示导出哪个集合 output:表示导出到的位置。 |
C:Users o-to>mongoexport -h localhost:27017 -d toto -c c3 -o f:/beifen/c3.txt connected to: localhost:27017 exported 1000000 records
C:Users o-to>
相同能够数据导出到doc中 |
数据导入: mongoimport -h localhost:27017 -d toto -c ccc f:/beifen/c3.txt
C:Users o-to>mongo MongoDB shell version: 2.6.4 connecting to: test > use toto switched to db toto > show tables; c3 cap1 cap2 ccc system.indexes > db.ccc.find(); { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e75"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 1 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e76"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 2 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e77"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 3 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e78"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 4 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e79"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 5 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7a"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 6 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7b"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 7 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7c"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 8 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7d"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 9 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7e"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 10 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e7f"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 11 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e80"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 12 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e81"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 13 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e82"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 14 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e83"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 15 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e84"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 16 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e85"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 17 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e86"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 18 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e87"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 19 } { "_id" : ObjectId("543e7473256769913d467e88"), "name" : "zhangsan", "age" : 20 } Type "it" for more >
上面自己主动隐式创建了一个ccc集合。 |
9 mongodb安全认证
每一个mongodb实例中的数据库都能够有很多用户,假设开启了安全性检查,仅仅有数据库认证用户才干运行读或者写操作。在认证的上下文中。MongoDB会将普通的数据作为admin
数据库处理。Admin数据库中的用户被视为超级用户(即:管理员)
在认证之后,管理员能够读写全部数据库,运行特定的管理员命令。运行listDatabase和shutdown.
在开启安全检查之前。一定要至少一个管理员账号。
-
最少得保证有一个管理员账号(admin 数据库其中的用户都是管理员)
use admin
db.addUser(“username”,”password”);
2.有了管理员账号。就能够为其他的数据库分配用户。
2.1 首先要跳转到被分配的数据库
3.须要又一次启动mongodb服务,开启安全检查
4.接下来的client连接mongodb,须要登录才干运行对应的操作。
C:Users o-to>mongo localhost:27017/admin MongoDB shell version: 2.6.4 connecting to: localhost:27017/admin > db admin |
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