1. docs 文档
drf 的 api
文档优点:
- 自动生成
- 支持交互
- 支持多语言片段(
js、Python、shell
)
1、MxShop/urls.py
:
# drf 文档,title:文档标题
path('docs', include_docs_urls(title='hubery')),
2、文档注释:
class UserAddressViewSet(viewsets.GenericViewSet, mixins.CreateModelMixin, mixins.ListModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin):
"""
文档注释:
用户收件地址:新增地址(CreateModelMixin)、删除地址(DestroyModelMixin)
、所有地址(ListModelMixin)、更新地址(UpdateModelMixin)
"""
访问地址:http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs
(最后不要加 /
)
踩坑:
docs
文档访问出现:AttributeError: 'AutoSchema' object has no attribute 'get_link'
配置 settings
:
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
# docs 文档相关
"DEFAULT_SCHEMA_CLASS": "rest_framework.schemas.AutoSchema"
}
2. 用户信息
接口地址:
# 获取用户详情:get
http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/
# 提交:post
http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/
# 修改:update(patch)
http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/
需求:
- 获取单个用户信息(只能获取当前登录用户的信息,所以必须登录)
- 修改用户信息
1、users/serializers.py
:
class UserDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""用户详情:用于用户个人中心"""
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ("name", "birthday", "gender", "email", "mobile")
2、users/views.py
:
class UserCreateViewSet(CreateModelMixin, RetrieveModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, viewsets.GenericViewSet):
"""
创建用户、注册用户、修改用户信息、获取用户详情
"""
serializer_class = UserSerializer
queryset = User.objects.all()
authentication_classes = (JSONWebTokenAuthentication, authentication.SessionAuthentication)
def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)
user = self.perform_create(serializer)
re_dict = serializer.data
payload = jwt_payload_handler(user)
re_dict["token"] = jwt_encode_handler(payload)
re_dict["name"] = user.name if user.name else user.username
headers = self.get_success_headers(serializer.data)
return Response(re_dict, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, headers=headers)
def get_permissions(self):
"""
设置动态权限:用户注册时没有权限限制,获取用户详情必须登录才可以
:return:
"""
if self.action == "retrieve":
return [permissions.IsAuthenticated()]
elif self.action == "create":
return []
return []
def get_serializer_class(self):
"""
动态选择使用哪个序列化方式
UserSerializer:用于用户注册,UserDetailSerializer:用于返回用户详情
:return:
"""
if self.action == 'retrieve':
return UserDetailSerializer
elif self.action == 'create':
return UserSerializer
return UserDetailSerializer
def get_object(self):
"""
获取登录用户
用于返回用户对象,判断当前是哪个用户,配合 UserDetailSerializer 获取用户详情
:return:
"""
return self.request.user # 即当前登录用户
def perform_create(self, serializer):
return serializer.save()
与注册使用的同一视图函数 UserCreateViewSet
,只是在原有基础上多继承了 RetrieveModelMixin
,用于获取用户详情。
另外需要注意的是视图函数要动态设置权限认证、序列化方法:
- 用户注册:不需要
jwt
验证,序列化类UserSerializer
- 用户详情:需要
jwt
验证,序列化类UserDetailSerializer
因此需要重写 get_permissions()、get_serializers_class()
方法,根据动作动态选择。
3. 用户收藏
接口地址:
# 获取所有收藏:get,ListModelMixin
http://127.0.0.1:8000/userfavs/
# 取消收藏:delete,需要指定商品 id ,DestroyModelMixin
http://127.0.0.1:8000/userfavs/1/
1、user_operation/serializers.py
:
class UserFavDetailSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""
收藏详情
"""
# 通过商品 id 获取收藏的商品,需要嵌套商品的序列化
goods = GoodsSerializer()
class Meta:
model = UserFav
fields = ('goods', 'id')
2、user_operation/views.py
:
class UserFavViewSet(viewsets.GenericViewSet, mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin):
"""
用户商品收藏
ListModelMixin:收藏列表
CreateModelMixin:收藏
DestroyModelMixin:取消(删除)收藏,相应地要删除数据库中数据
"""
serializer_class = UserFavSerializer
queryset = UserFav.objects.all()
# IsAuthenticated:必须登录用户;IsOwnerOrReadOnly:必须是当前登录的用户
permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated, IsOwnerOrReadOnly)
# 用户认证
authentication_classes = (JSONWebTokenAuthentication, SessionAuthentication)
# 搜索的字段
lookup_field = 'goods_id'
def get_serializer_class(self):
"""
动态设置 serializer,get 时获取用户收藏详情
:return:
"""
if self.action == 'list':
# 收藏列表
return UserFavDetailSerializer
elif self.action == 'create':
return UserFavSerializer
return UserFavSerializer
def get_queryset(self):
# 只能查看当前登录用户的收藏,禁止获取其他用户的收藏
return UserFav.objects.filter(user=self.request.user)
4. 用户留言
接口地址:
# 获取所有留言:get
http://127.0.0.1:8000/messages/
# 添加留言:post 参数
http://127.0.0.1:8000/messages/
# 删除留言:delete
http://127.0.0.1:8000/messages/messageId
需求:
- 获取当前登录用户所有留言:
ListModelMixin
- 新建留言:
CreateModelMixin
- 删除留言:
DestroyModelMixin
1、user_operation/serializers.py
:
class UserLeavingMessageSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""用户留言"""
# 获取当前登录用户
user = serializers.HiddenField(
default=serializers.CurrentUserDefault()
)
# read_only:只返回,post时候可以不用提交,format:格式化输出
add_time = serializers.DateTimeField(read_only=True, format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
class Meta:
model = UserLeavingMessage
fields = ('user', 'message_type', 'subject', 'message', 'file', 'id', 'add_time')
2、user_operation/views.py
:
class UserLeavingMessageViewSet(viewsets.GenericViewSet, mixins.CreateModelMixin, mixins.ListModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin):
"""
用户留言:添加留言、删除留言、留言列表
"""
serializer_class = UserLeavingMessageSerializer
permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated, IsOwnerOrReadOnly)
authentication_classes = (JSONWebTokenAuthentication, SessionAuthentication)
def get_queryset(self):
"""用户只能看自己的留言"""
return UserLeavingMessage.objects.filter(user=self.request.user)
3、MxShop/urls.py
:
router.register(r'messages', UserLeavingMessageViewSet, basename='message') # 用户留言
注意:这里没有处理文件相关,所以必须上传文件
5. 用户收藏地址
接口地址:
# 获取所有地址:get
http://127.0.0.1:8000/address/
# 添加地址:post 参数
http://127.0.0.1:8000/address/
# 删除地址:delete
http://127.0.0.1:8000/address/addressID
# 修改地址:update
http://127.0.0.1:8000/address/addressID
需求:
- 获取当前登录用户所有收件地址:
ListModelMixin
- 新建地址:
CreateModelMixin
- 删除地址:
DestroyModelMixin
- 更新地址:
updateModelMixin
1、user_operation/serializers.py
:
class UserAddressSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
"""用户地址"""
# 获取当前用户
user = serializers.HiddenField(
default=serializers.CurrentUserDefault()
)
add_time = serializers.DateTimeField(read_only=True, format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
class Meta:
model = UserAddress
fields = ('user', 'province', 'city', 'district', 'address', 'signer_name', 'signer_mobile', 'add_time', 'id')
2、user_operation/views.py
:
class UserAddressViewSet(viewsets.GenericViewSet, mixins.CreateModelMixin, mixins.ListModelMixin,
mixins.DestroyModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin):
"""
用户收件地址:新增地址(CreateModelMixin)、删除地址(DestroyModelMixin)
、所有地址(ListModelMixin)、更新地址(UpdateModelMixin)
"""
serializer_class = UserAddressSerializer
authentication_classes = (JSONWebTokenAuthentication, SessionAuthentication)
permission_classes = (IsAuthenticated, IsOwnerOrReadOnly)
def get_queryset(self):
"""用户只能查看自己的收藏地址"""
return UserAddress.objects.filter(user=self.request.user)
3、MxShop/urls.py
:
router.register(r'address', UserAddressViewSet, basename='address') # 收藏地址