软件版本：vitis2020.2(vivado2020.2)
操作系统：WIN10 64bit
硬件平台：适用XILINX A7/K7/Z7/ZU/KU系列FPGA(本文使用米联客(milianke)MZU07A-EG开发板)
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3.1概述
使用XILINX 的软件工具VIVADO以及XILINX的7代以上的FPGA或者SOC掌握AXI-4总线结束，并且可以灵活使用AXI-4总线技术完成数据的交换，可以让我们在构建强大的FPGA内部总线数据互联通信方面取得高效、高速、标准化的优势。
关于AXI4总线协议的部分介绍请阅读“01AXI4总线axi-lite-slave”。
本文实验目的：
1:掌握基于VIVADO工具产生AXI协议模板
2:掌握通过VIVADO工具产生AXI-full-slave代码
3:理解AXI-full-slave中自定义寄存器的地址分配
4:掌握通过VIVADO封装AXI-full-slave图形化IP
5:通过仿真验证AXI-full-slave IP的工作是否正常。
3.2创建axi4-full-slave总线接口IP
新建fpga工程，过程省略
新建完成工程后，单击菜单栏Tools->Create and Package New IP,开始创建一个AXI4-Full接口总线IP
选择使用vivado自带的AXI总线模板创建一个AXI4-FULL接口IP
设置IP的名字为saxi_full
模板支持3中协议，分别是AXI4-Full AXI4-Lite AXI4-Stream, 这里选择ful;
总线包括Master和Slave两种模式，这里选择Slave模式
这里选择Verify Peripheral IP using AXI4 VIP 可以对AXI4-FULL快速验证
单击Finish 后展开VIVADO自动产生的demo，单击Block Design的工程，可以看到如下2个IP。其中saxi_full_0就是我们自定义的IP，另外一个master_0是用来读写我们自定义的saxi_full_0，以此验证我们的IP正确性。
采用默认地址分配即可
继续站看代码看看里面有什么东西
3.3程序分析
1:axi-full-slave的axi_awready
当满足条件(~axi_awready && S_AXI_AWVALID && ~axi_awv_awr_flag && ~axi_arv_arr_flag)=1的时候表示可以进行一次AXI-FULL的burst写操作了，这个时候AXI-FULL-SLAVE设置axi_awready <= 1'b1和axi_awv_awr_flag <= 1'b1
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// axi_awready is asserted for one S_AXI_ACLK clock cycle when both // S_AXI_AWVALID and S_AXI_WVALID are asserted. axi_awready is // de-asserted when reset is low. always @( posedge S_AXI_ACLK ) begin if ( S_AXI_ARESETN == 1'b0 ) begin axi_awready <= 1'b0; axi_awv_awr_flag <= 1'b0; end else begin if (~axi_awready && S_AXI_AWVALID && ~axi_awv_awr_flag && ~axi_arv_arr_flag) begin // slave is ready to accept an address and // associated control signals axi_awready <= 1'b1; axi_awv_awr_flag <= 1'b1; // used for generation of bresp() and bvalid end else if (S_AXI_WLAST && axi_wready) // preparing to accept next address after current write burst tx completion begin axi_awv_awr_flag <= 1'b0; end else begin axi_awready <= 1'b0; end end end |
2:axi-full-slave的axi_awaddr
AXI的burst模式包括3种：
1:fixed burst这种模式下地址都是相同的
2: incremental burst这种模式下地址递增
3: Wrapping burst 这只模式下地址达到设置的最大地址边界后返回原来的地址。
本文demo种以下三种模式的具体代码如下：
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// This process is used to latch the address when both // S_AXI_AWVALID and S_AXI_WVALID are valid. always @( posedge S_AXI_ACLK ) begin if ( S_AXI_ARESETN == 1'b0 ) begin axi_awaddr <= 0; axi_awlen_cntr <= 0; axi_awburst <= 0; axi_awlen <= 0; end else begin if (~axi_awready && S_AXI_AWVALID && ~axi_awv_awr_flag) begin // address latching axi_awaddr <= S_AXI_AWADDR[C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH - 1:0]; axi_awburst <= S_AXI_AWBURST; axi_awlen <= S_AXI_AWLEN; // start address of transfer axi_awlen_cntr <= 0; end else if((axi_awlen_cntr <= axi_awlen) && axi_wready && S_AXI_WVALID) begin axi_awlen_cntr <= axi_awlen_cntr + 1; case (axi_awburst) 2'b00: // fixed burst // The write address for all the beats in the transaction are fixed begin axi_awaddr <= axi_awaddr; //for awsize = 4 bytes (010) end 2'b01: //incremental burst // The write address for all the beats in the transaction are increments by awsize begin axi_awaddr[C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH - 1:ADDR_LSB] <= axi_awaddr[C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH - 1:ADDR_LSB] + 1; //awaddr aligned to 4 byte boundary axi_awaddr[ADDR_LSB-1:0] <= {ADDR_LSB{1'b0}}; //for awsize = 4 bytes (010) end 2'b10: //Wrapping burst // The write address wraps when the address reaches wrap boundary if (aw_wrap_en) begin axi_awaddr <= (axi_awaddr - aw_wrap_size); end else begin axi_awaddr[C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH - 1:ADDR_LSB] <= axi_awaddr[C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH - 1:ADDR_LSB] + 1; axi_awaddr[ADDR_LSB-1:0] <= {ADDR_LSB{1'b0}}; end default: //reserved (incremental burst for example) begin axi_awaddr <= axi_awaddr[C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH - 1:ADDR_LSB] + 1; //for awsize = 4 bytes (010) end endcase end end end |
3:axi-full-slave的axi_wready
当满足条件( ~axi_wready && S_AXI_WVALID && axi_awv_awr_flag)==1 设置axi_wready为1.这里可以看出，S_AXI_WVALID必须在一次burst种持续有效，直到满足条件(S_AXI_WLAST && axi_wready)，否则AXI-FULL-SLAVE会出错，这一点有别于AXI-LITE-SLAVE每次只读写一个数据。
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// axi_wready is asserted for one S_AXI_ACLK clock cycle when both // S_AXI_AWVALID and S_AXI_WVALID are asserted. axi_wready is // de-asserted when reset is low. always @( posedge S_AXI_ACLK ) begin if ( S_AXI_ARESETN == 1'b0 ) begin axi_wready <= 1'b0; end else begin if ( ~axi_wready && S_AXI_WVALID && axi_awv_awr_flag) begin // slave can accept the write data axi_wready <= 1'b1; end //else if (~axi_awv_awr_flag) else if (S_AXI_WLAST && axi_wready) begin axi_wready <= 1'b0; end end end |
4:axi-full-slave的axi_bvalid信号
axi_bvalid用于告知axi master axi-slave端已经完成数据接收了
给出ACK，写操作LAST信号的下一个时钟，AXI-SLAVE给出ACK信号
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always @( posedge S_AXI_ACLK ) begin if ( S_AXI_ARESETN == 1'b0 ) begin axi_bvalid <= 0; axi_bresp <= 2'b0; axi_buser <= 0; end else begin if (axi_awv_awr_flag && axi_wready && S_AXI_WVALID && ~axi_bvalid && S_AXI_WLAST ) begin axi_bvalid <= 1'b1; axi_bresp <= 2'b0; // 'OKAY' response end else begin if (S_AXI_BREADY && axi_bvalid) //check if bready is asserted while bvalid is high) //(there is a possibility that bready is always asserted high) begin axi_bvalid <= 1'b0; end end end end |
5:axi-full-slave的axi_arready信号
当满足条件(~axi_arready && S_AXI_ARVALID && ~axi_awv_awr_flag && ~axi_arv_arr_flag)=1的时候表示可以进行一次AXI-FULL的burst读操作了，这个时候AXI -FULL-SLAVE设置axi_arready <= 1'b1和axi_arv_arr_flag <= 1'b1
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// axi_arready is asserted for one S_AXI_ACLK clock cycle when // S_AXI_ARVALID is asserted. axi_awready is // de-asserted when reset (active low) is asserted. // The read address is also latched when S_AXI_ARVALID is // asserted. axi_araddr is reset to zero on reset assertion. always @( posedge S_AXI_ACLK ) begin if ( S_AXI_ARESETN == 1'b0 ) begin axi_arready <= 1'b0; axi_arv_arr_flag <= 1'b0; end else begin if (~axi_arready && S_AXI_ARVALID && ~axi_awv_awr_flag && ~axi_arv_arr_flag) begin axi_arready <= 1'b1; axi_arv_arr_flag <= 1'b1; end else if (axi_rvalid && S_AXI_RREADY && axi_arlen_cntr == axi_arlen) // preparing to accept next address after current read completion begin axi_arv_arr_flag <= 1'b0; end else begin axi_arready <= 1'b0; end end end |
6:axi-full-slave的axi_araddr信号
AXI-的读写操作几乎是相对的代码，AXI的burst模式包括3种：
1:fixed burst这种模式下地址都是相同的
2: incremental burst这种模式下地址递增
3: Wrapping burst 这只模式下地址达到设置的最大地址边界后返回原来的地址。
本文demo种以下三种模式的具体代码如下：
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//This process is used to latch the address when both //S_AXI_ARVALID and S_AXI_RVALID are valid. always @( posedge S_AXI_ACLK ) begin if ( S_AXI_ARESETN == 1'b0 ) begin axi_araddr <= 0; axi_arlen_cntr <= 0; axi_arburst <= 0; axi_arlen <= 0; axi_rlast <= 1'b0; axi_ruser <= 0; end else begin if (~axi_arready && S_AXI_ARVALID && ~axi_arv_arr_flag) begin // address latching axi_araddr <= S_AXI_ARADDR[C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH - 1:0]; axi_arburst <= S_AXI_ARBURST; axi_arlen <= S_AXI_ARLEN; // start address of transfer axi_arlen_cntr <= 0; axi_rlast <= 1'b0; end else if((axi_arlen_cntr <= axi_arlen) && axi_rvalid && S_AXI_RREADY) begin
axi_arlen_cntr <= axi_arlen_cntr + 1; axi_rlast <= 1'b0;
case (axi_arburst) 2'b00: // fixed burst // The read address for all the beats in the transaction are fixed begin axi_araddr <= axi_araddr; //for arsize = 4 bytes (010) end 2'b01: //incremental burst // The read address for all the beats in the transaction are increments by awsize begin axi_araddr[C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH - 1:ADDR_LSB] <= axi_araddr[C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH - 1:ADDR_LSB] + 1; //araddr aligned to 4 byte boundary axi_araddr[ADDR_LSB-1:0] <= {ADDR_LSB{1'b0}}; //for awsize = 4 bytes (010) end 2'b10: //Wrapping burst // The read address wraps when the address reaches wrap boundary if (ar_wrap_en) begin axi_araddr <= (axi_araddr - ar_wrap_size); end else begin axi_araddr[C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH - 1:ADDR_LSB] <= axi_araddr[C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH - 1:ADDR_LSB] + 1; //araddr aligned to 4 byte boundary axi_araddr[ADDR_LSB-1:0] <= {ADDR_LSB{1'b0}}; end default: //reserved (incremental burst for example) begin axi_araddr <= axi_araddr[C_S_AXI_ADDR_WIDTH - 1:ADDR_LSB]+1; //for arsize = 4 bytes (010) end endcase end else if((axi_arlen_cntr == axi_arlen) && ~axi_rlast && axi_arv_arr_flag ) begin axi_rlast <= 1'b1; end else if (S_AXI_RREADY) begin axi_rlast <= 1'b0; end end end |
7:axi-full-slave的axi_rvalid信号
在用VIVADO模板产生的demo种，读操作数据不是连续读的，通过axi_rvalid设置AXI-SLAVE FULL 读数据有效。
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always @( posedge S_AXI_ACLK ) begin if ( S_AXI_ARESETN == 1'b0 ) begin axi_rvalid <= 0; axi_rresp <= 0; end else begin if (axi_arv_arr_flag && ~axi_rvalid) begin axi_rvalid <= 1'b1; axi_rresp <= 2'b0; // 'OKAY' response end else if (axi_rvalid && S_AXI_RREADY) begin axi_rvalid <= 1'b0; end end end |
8:数据保存到bock ram
以下是利用block ram完成数据的保存和回读
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// implement Block RAM(s) generate for(i=0; i<= USER_NUM_MEM-1; i=i+1) begin:BRAM_GEN wire mem_rden; wire mem_wren;
assign mem_wren = axi_wready && S_AXI_WVALID ;
assign mem_rden = axi_arv_arr_flag ; //& ~axi_rvalid
for(mem_byte_index=0; mem_byte_index<= (C_S_AXI_DATA_WIDTH/8-1); mem_byte_index=mem_byte_index+1) begin:BYTE_BRAM_GEN wire [8-1:0] data_in ; wire [8-1:0] data_out; reg [8-1:0] byte_ram [0 : 15]; integer j;
//assigning 8 bit data assign data_in = S_AXI_WDATA[(mem_byte_index*8+7) -: 8]; assign data_out = byte_ram[mem_address];
always @( posedge S_AXI_ACLK ) begin if (mem_wren && S_AXI_WSTRB[mem_byte_index]) begin byte_ram[mem_address] <= data_in; end end
always @( posedge S_AXI_ACLK ) begin if (mem_rden) begin mem_data_out[i][(mem_byte_index*8+7) -: 8] <= data_out; end end
end end endgenerate |
3.4实验结果
仿真结果：
