Android Zygote进程是如何fork一个APP进程的

进程创建流程

• 不管从桌面启动应用还是应用内启动其它应用，如果这个应用所在进程不存在的话，都需要发起进程通过Binder机制告诉system server进程的AMS
• system server进程的AMS调用Process.start()方法，通过socket向zygote进程发送创建新进程的请求
• 在zygote进程的ZygoteInit.main方法中，有一个runSelectLoop循环体，通过acceptCommandPeer方法获取链接过来的客户端，再通过runOnce方法去创建进程
• 新的进程执行handleChildProc方法，最后通过反射调用ActivityThread.main()方法，这样一个新的APP进程就创建完成了

APP启动第三方应用

startActivity

当你在桌面启动一个应用或者在一个APP内启动一个应用，本质都是一样的，因为Android手机桌面其实就是一个APP（这点可参考Android之Activity启动流程源码深入解析），两种方式经过层层调用之后都会走到ActivityStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivityLocked方法，判断如果对方进程不存在，就需要去创建一个进程

startService

调用startService启动一个服务，该方法经过层层调用最终会走到ActiveServices.bringUpServiceLocked方法，如果判断对方进程不存在也会去创建一个新进程

sendBroadcast

调用sendBroadcast方法去发送一个广播，经过层层调用后走到BroadcastQueue.processNextBroadcast方法，也会判断BroadcastReceiver所在进程不存在就需要去创建进程

query

在ContentProvider的处理过程中，ContentResolver.query方法经过层层调用会走到ActivityManagerService.getContentProviderImpl方法，判断ContentProvider所在的进程不存在就会创建新进程

System Server请求创建进程

以下叙述中ActivityManagerService同意简称为AMS

以下源码基于API 24

上述四种途径最终都会走到如下方法

AMS.startProcessLocked

先来看ActivityManagerService的startProcessLocked方法，这是最开始入口

private final void startProcessLocked(ProcessRecord app, String hostingType,
        String hostingNameStr, String abiOverride, String entryPoint, String[] entryPointArgs) {
        //......省略代码
        Process.ProcessStartResult startResult = Process.start(entryPoint,
                app.processName, uid, uid, gids, debugFlags, mountExternal,
                app.info.targetSdkVersion, app.info.seinfo, requiredAbi, instructionSet,
                app.info.dataDir, entryPointArgs);
       //......省略代码
}

代码是在太长，我们只看关键的地方，Process.start这个方法开始进行fork，ok那来看看它的内容,代码很长，可以直接看下面关于本段代码总结

public static final ProcessStartResult start(final String processClass,
                              final String niceName,
                              int uid, int gid, int[] gids,
                              int debugFlags, int mountExternal,
                              int targetSdkVersion,
                              String seInfo,
                              String abi,
                              String instructionSet,
                              String appDataDir,
                              String[] zygoteArgs) {
    try {
        return startViaZygote(processClass, niceName, uid, gid, gids,
                debugFlags, mountExternal, targetSdkVersion, seInfo,
                abi, instructionSet, appDataDir, zygoteArgs);
    } catch (ZygoteStartFailedEx ex) {
        Log.e(LOG_TAG,
                "Starting VM process through Zygote failed");
        throw new RuntimeException(
                "Starting VM process through Zygote failed", ex);
    }
}

private static ProcessStartResult startViaZygote(final String processClass,
                              final String niceName,
                              final int uid, final int gid,
                              final int[] gids,
                              int debugFlags, int mountExternal,
                              int targetSdkVersion,
                              String seInfo,
                              String abi,
                              String instructionSet,
                              String appDataDir,
                              String[] extraArgs)
                              throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
    synchronized(Process.class) {
        ArrayList<String> argsForZygote = new ArrayList<String>();

        // --runtime-init, --setuid=, --setgid=,
        // and --setgroups= must go first
        argsForZygote.add("--runtime-init");
        argsForZygote.add("--setuid=" + uid);
        argsForZygote.add("--setgid=" + gid);
        if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_JNI_LOGGING) != 0) {
            argsForZygote.add("--enable-jni-logging");
        }
        if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_SAFEMODE) != 0) {
            argsForZygote.add("--enable-safemode");
        }
        if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_DEBUGGER) != 0) {
            argsForZygote.add("--enable-debugger");
        }
        if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_CHECKJNI) != 0) {
            argsForZygote.add("--enable-checkjni");
        }
        if ((debugFlags & Zygote.DEBUG_ENABLE_ASSERT) != 0) {
            argsForZygote.add("--enable-assert");
        }
        if (mountExternal == Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_MULTIUSER) {
            argsForZygote.add("--mount-external-multiuser");
        } else if (mountExternal == Zygote.MOUNT_EXTERNAL_MULTIUSER_ALL) {
            argsForZygote.add("--mount-external-multiuser-all");
        }
        argsForZygote.add("--target-sdk-version=" + targetSdkVersion);

        //TODO optionally enable debuger
        //argsForZygote.add("--enable-debugger");

        // --setgroups is a comma-separated list
        if (gids != null && gids.length > 0) {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            sb.append("--setgroups=");

            int sz = gids.length;
            for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
                if (i != 0) {
                    sb.append(',');
                }
                sb.append(gids[i]);
            }

            argsForZygote.add(sb.toString());
        }

        if (niceName != null) {
            argsForZygote.add("--nice-name=" + niceName);
        }

        if (seInfo != null) {
            argsForZygote.add("--seinfo=" + seInfo);
        }

        if (instructionSet != null) {
            argsForZygote.add("--instruction-set=" + instructionSet);
        }

        if (appDataDir != null) {
            argsForZygote.add("--app-data-dir=" + appDataDir);
        }

        argsForZygote.add(processClass);

        if (extraArgs != null) {
            for (String arg : extraArgs) {
                argsForZygote.add(arg);
            }
        }

        return zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(abi), argsForZygote);
    }
}

上面的startViaZygote方法，所做的事情是：把参数最终放到一个列表中，接着调用zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult方法，该方法中的第一个参数是调用了openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(abi)方法，那我们先来看下这方法的内容

rivate static ZygoteState openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(String abi) throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
    if (primaryZygoteState == null || primaryZygoteState.isClosed()) {
        try {
            primaryZygoteState = ZygoteState.connect(ZYGOTE_SOCKET);
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("Error connecting to primary zygote", ioe);
        }
    }

    //......省略代码
}

ZygoteState.connect(ZYGOTE_SOCKET)接着看下这方法

    /*与ZygoteInit的server socket建立链接通信*/
    public static ZygoteState connect(String socketAddress) throws IOException {
        DataInputStream zygoteInputStream = null;
        BufferedWriter zygoteWriter = null;
        final LocalSocket zygoteSocket = new LocalSocket();

        try {
            zygoteSocket.connect(new LocalSocketAddress(socketAddress,
                    LocalSocketAddress.Namespace.RESERVED));

            zygoteInputStream = new DataInputStream(zygoteSocket.getInputStream());

            zygoteWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(
                    zygoteSocket.getOutputStream()), 256);
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            try {
                zygoteSocket.close();
            } catch (IOException ignore) {
            }

            throw ex;
        }

        String abiListString = getAbiList(zygoteWriter, zygoteInputStream);
        Log.i("Zygote", "Process: zygote socket opened, supported ABIS: " + abiListString);

        return new ZygoteState(zygoteSocket, zygoteInputStream, zygoteWriter,
                Arrays.asList(abiListString.split(",")));
    }

上面的代码其实就是与ZygoteInit类中的ServerSocket建立连接，socket连接起来了，那就可以进行通信了。现在我们在返回到zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult方法

 private static ProcessStartResult zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(
        ZygoteState zygoteState, ArrayList<String> args)
        throws ZygoteStartFailedEx {
    try {
        /**
         * See com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.readArgumentList()
         * Presently the wire format to the zygote process is:
         * a) a count of arguments (argc, in essence)
         * b) a number of newline-separated argument strings equal to count
         *
         * After the zygote process reads these it will write the pid of
         * the child or -1 on failure, followed by boolean to
         * indicate whether a wrapper process was used.
         */
        final BufferedWriter writer = zygoteState.writer;
        final DataInputStream inputStream = zygoteState.inputStream;

        writer.write(Integer.toString(args.size()));
        writer.newLine();

        int sz = args.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
            String arg = args.get(i);
            if (arg.indexOf('
') >= 0) {
                throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx(
                        "embedded newlines not allowed");
            }
            writer.write(arg);
            writer.newLine();
        }

        writer.flush();

        // Should there be a timeout on this?
        ProcessStartResult result = new ProcessStartResult();
        result.pid = inputStream.readInt();
        /*pid小于0代表有问题，＝＝0代表是子进程，》0代表是父进程*/
        if (result.pid < 0) {
            throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx("fork() failed");
        }
        result.usingWrapper = inputStream.readBoolean();
        return result;
    } catch (IOException ex) {
        zygoteState.close();
        throw new ZygoteStartFailedEx(ex);
    }
}

代码也很简单，上面提到过client与server已经建立了socket连接，那这个方法，会把所有的参数通过socket发送到ZygoteInit的ServerSocket，发送完毕后，就等待ServerSocket把结果返回

Zygote进程处理fork请求

上一节提到过，client发送的建立socket连接最终会在ZygoteInit中创建一个ZygoteConnection对象，收到client发送的fork请求，会调用ZygoteConnection对象的runOnce方法，因此来看这方法

 boolean runOnce() throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {

        //.......省略代码

        pid = Zygote.forkAndSpecialize(parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid, parsedArgs.gids,
                parsedArgs.debugFlags, rlimits, parsedArgs.mountExternal, parsedArgs.seInfo,
                parsedArgs.niceName, fdsToClose, parsedArgs.instructionSet,
                parsedArgs.appDataDir);

        //......省略代码

    try {
        /*子进程执行pid＝＝0情况，父进程执行else情况*/
        if (pid == 0) {
            /*子进程*/
            // in child
            IoUtils.closeQuietly(serverPipeFd);
            serverPipeFd = null;
            handleChildProc(parsedArgs, descriptors, childPipeFd, newStderr);

            // should never get here, the child is expected to either
            // throw ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller or exec().
            return true;
        } else {
            // in parent...pid of < 0 means failure
            IoUtils.closeQuietly(childPipeFd);
            childPipeFd = null;
            /*Process中的io流监听的pid等信息都是通过下面的代码发出去的*/
            return handleParentProc(pid, descriptors, serverPipeFd, parsedArgs);
        }
    } finally {
        IoUtils.closeQuietly(childPipeFd);
        IoUtils.closeQuietly(serverPipeFd);
    }
}

Zygote.forkAndSpecialize这个方法会调用native方法来fork app进程，fork成功后，子进程就复制了基本上父进程所有的数据等，这在本节开始的时候科普过这个知识，子进程fork出的pid＝＝0，因此if(pid == 0){}else{}这段代码就特别有意思了，pid＝＝0是子进程执行，else是父进程执行，父进程执行的代码我就不贴了，它主要是把fork成功的pid返回给client端，这时候ActivityManagerService的startProcessLocked就可以继续执行。
我们还是来看下子进程执行的代码，最终会执行handleChildProc方法

 private void handleChildProc(Arguments parsedArgs,
        FileDescriptor[] descriptors, FileDescriptor pipeFd, PrintStream newStderr)
        throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
    
     //......省略代码

     if (parsedArgs.runtimeInit) {
        if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) {
            WrapperInit.execApplication(parsedArgs.invokeWith,
                    parsedArgs.niceName, parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion,
                    pipeFd, parsedArgs.remainingArgs);
        } else {
            RuntimeInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion,
                    parsedArgs.remainingArgs, null /* classLoader */);
        }
    } else {
      // ......省略代码
    }
}

从传递过来的参数可以定位最终调用了RuntimeInit.zygoteInit方法，那就来看下

public static final void zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
        throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
    if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "RuntimeInit: Starting application from zygote");

    redirectLogStreams();

    commonInit();
    nativeZygoteInit();

    applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader);
}

该方法我们只关注applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader)这个方法

    private static void applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
        throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
    // If the application calls System.exit(), terminate the process
    // immediately without running any shutdown hooks.  It is not possible to
    // shutdown an Android application gracefully.  Among other things, the
    // Android runtime shutdown hooks close the Binder driver, which can cause
    // leftover running threads to crash before the process actually exits.
    nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup(true);

    // We want to be fairly aggressive about heap utilization, to avoid
    // holding on to a lot of memory that isn't needed.
    VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.75f);
    VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetSdkVersion(targetSdkVersion);

    final Arguments args;
    try {
        args = new Arguments(argv);
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
        Slog.e(TAG, ex.getMessage());
        // let the process exit
        return;
    }

    // Remaining arguments are passed to the start class's static main
    invokeStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);
}

private static void invokeStaticMain(String className, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
        throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
    Class<?> cl;

    try {
        cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);
    } catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
        throw new RuntimeException(
                "Missing class when invoking static main " + className,
                ex);
    }

    Method m;
    try {
        m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });
    } catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
        throw new RuntimeException(
                "Missing static main on " + className, ex);
    } catch (SecurityException ex) {
        throw new RuntimeException(
                "Problem getting static main on " + className, ex);
    }

    int modifiers = m.getModifiers();
    if (! (Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) && Modifier.isPublic(modifiers))) {
        throw new RuntimeException(
                "Main method is not public and static on " + className);
    }

    /*
     * This throw gets caught in ZygoteInit.main(), which responds
     * by invoking the exception's run() method. This arrangement
     * clears up all the stack frames that were required in setting
     * up the process.
     */
    throw new ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);
}

最终我们关注invokeStaticMain这个方法，该方法最终会抛出一个ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv)异常，这个异常会把ActivityThread的main方法反射出来。
还记得上一节ZygoteInit的main方法吗

  public static void main(String argv[]){
    try{
          //.....省略代码
    } catch (MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
        caller.run();
    } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
        Log.e(TAG, "Zygote died with exception", ex);
        closeServerSocket();
        throw ex;
    }
  }

main方法最终会把MethodAndArgsCaller异常给捕获到，捕获到后其实最终就是调用ActivityThread的main方法

通过抛异常的方式来进行调用，主要目的是把当前线程的堆栈信息给置空