http://androidxref.com/6.0.1_r10/xref/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/WindowManagerService.java
http://androidxref.com/6.0.1_r10/xref/frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/WindowManagerImpl.java
http://androidxref.com/6.0.1_r10/xref/frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/WindowManagerGlobal.java
http://androidxref.com/6.0.1_r10/xref/frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/ViewRootImpl.java
http://androidxref.com/6.0.1_r10/xref/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/WindowManagerService.java
http://androidxref.com/6.0.1_r10/xref/frameworks/base/services/core/java/com/android/server/wm/Session.java
http://androidxref.com/6.0.1_r10/xref/frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/IWindow.aidl
WindowManagerService只负责窗口管理,并不负责View的绘制跟图层混合,本文就来分析WMS到底是怎么管理窗口的。初接触Android时感觉:Activity似乎就是Google封装好的窗口,APP只要合理的启动新的Activity就打开了新窗口,这样理解没什么不对,Activity确实可以看做一种窗口及View的封装,不过从源码来看,Activity跟Window还是存在不同。本文主要从窗口的添加流程来将APP端、WMS端、SurfaceFlinger端三块串联起来,主要说一下几个方面
- 窗口的分类:Activity、Dialog、PopupWindow、Toast等对应窗口的区别
- Window、IWindow 、WindowState、WindowToken、AppToken等之间的关系
- 窗口的添加及Surface申请与Binder传递
窗口的分类简述
在Android系统中,PopupWindow、Dialog、Activity、Toast等都有窗口的概念,但又各有不同,Android将窗口大致分为三类:应用窗口、子窗口、系统窗口。其中,Activity与Dialog属于应用窗口、PopupWindow属于子窗口,必须依附到其他非子窗口才能存在,而Toast属于系统窗口,Dialog可能比较特殊,从表现上来说偏向于子窗口,必须依附Activity才能存在,但是从性质上来说,仍然是应用窗口,有自己的WindowToken,不同窗口之间的关系后面会更加详细的分析,这里有一个概念即可。
窗口的添加
Activity并不是View展示的唯一方式,分析窗口添加流程的话,Activity也并不是最好的例子,因为Activity还会牵扯到AMS的知识,这里我们不用Activity,而是用一个悬浮View的展示来分析窗口的添加,代码入下:
private void addTextViewWindow(Context context){ TextView mview=new TextView(context); ...//设置颜色 样式 //关键点1 WindowManager mWindowManager = (WindowManager) context.getApplicationContext().getSystemService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE); WindowManager.LayoutParams wmParams = new WindowManager.LayoutParams(); //关键点2 wmParams.type = WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_TOAST; wmParams.format = PixelFormat.RGBA_8888; wmParams.width = 800; wmParams.height = 800; //关键点3 mWindowManager.addView(mview, wmParams); }
@Override public Object getSystemService(String name) { return SystemServiceRegistry.getSystemService(this, name); }
SystemServiceRegistry类用静态字段及方法中封装了一些服务的代理,其中就包括WindowManagerService
public static Object getSystemService(ContextImpl ctx, String name) { ServiceFetcher<?> fetcher = SYSTEM_SERVICE_FETCHERS.get(name); return fetcher != null ? fetcher.getService(ctx) : null; } static { ... registerService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE, WindowManager.class, new CachedServiceFetcher<WindowManager>() { @Override public WindowManager createService(ContextImpl ctx) { return new WindowManagerImpl(ctx.getDisplay()); }}); ... }
因此context.getApplicationContext().getSystemService()最终可以简化为new WindowManagerImpl(ctx.getDisplay()),下面看下WindowManagerImpl的构造方法,它有两个实现方法,对于Activity跟Application其实是有区别的,这点后面分析:
http://androidxref.com/6.0.1_r10/xref/frameworks/base/core/java/android/view/WindowManagerImpl.java
public WindowManagerImpl(Display display) { this(display, null); } private WindowManagerImpl(Display display, Window parentWindow) { mDisplay = display; mParentWindow = parentWindow; }
@Override public void addView(@NonNull View view, @NonNull ViewGroup.LayoutParams params) { applyDefaultToken(params); mGlobal.addView(view, params, mDisplay, mParentWindow); }
不过很明显WindowManagerImpl最后是委托mGlobal来进行这项操作,WindowManagerGlobal是一个单利,一个进程只有一个:
接着看WindowManagerGlobal的addView,对于添加系统窗口,这里将将代码精简一下,不关系子窗口等之类的逻辑public void addView(View view, ViewGroup.LayoutParams params, //... final WindowManager.LayoutParams wparams = (WindowManager.LayoutParams) params; if (parentWindow != null) { parentWindow.adjustLayoutParamsForSubWindow(wparams); } else { // If there's no parent, then hardware acceleration for this view is // set from the application's hardware acceleration setting. final Context context = view.getContext(); if (context != null && (context.getApplicationInfo().flags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED) != 0) { wparams.flags |= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_HARDWARE_ACCELERATED; } } ViewRootImpl root; View panelParentView = null; synchronized (mLock) { //... root = new ViewRootImpl(view.getContext(), display); view.setLayoutParams(wparams); mViews.add(view); mRoots.add(root); mParams.add(wparams); } // do this last because it fires off messages to start doing things try { root.setView(view, wparams, panelParentView); } catch (RuntimeException e) { //... } }
public void setView(View view, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, View panelParentView) { synchronized (this) { if (mView == null) { mView = view; ... //关键点1 // Schedule the first layout -before- adding to the window // manager, to make sure we do the relayout before receiving // any other events from the system. requestLayout(); if ((mWindowAttributes.inputFeatures & WindowManager.LayoutParams.INPUT_FEATURE_NO_INPUT_CHANNEL) == 0) { mInputChannel = new InputChannel(); } try { //关键点2 res = mWindowSession.addToDisplay(mWindow, mSeq, mWindowAttributes, getHostVisibility(), mDisplay.getDisplayId(), mAttachInfo.mContentInsets, mAttachInfo.mStableInsets, mAttachInfo.mOutsets, mInputChannel); } catch (RemoteException e) { ... } }
public ViewRootImpl(Context context, Display display) { mContext = context; mWindowSession = WindowManagerGlobal.getWindowSession(); mWindow = new W(this); }
static class W extends IWindow.Stub { private final WeakReference<ViewRootImpl> mViewAncestor; private final IWindowSession mWindowSession; W(ViewRootImpl viewAncestor) { mViewAncestor = new WeakReference<ViewRootImpl>(viewAncestor); mWindowSession = viewAncestor.mWindowSession; } @Override public void resized(Rect frame, Rect overscanInsets, Rect contentInsets, Rect visibleInsets, Rect stableInsets, Rect outsets, boolean reportDraw, Configuration newConfig) { final ViewRootImpl viewAncestor = mViewAncestor.get(); if (viewAncestor != null) { viewAncestor.dispatchResized(frame, overscanInsets, contentInsets, visibleInsets, stableInsets, outsets, reportDraw, newConfig); } } @Override public void moved(int newX, int newY) { final ViewRootImpl viewAncestor = mViewAncestor.get(); if (viewAncestor != null) { viewAncestor.dispatchMoved(newX, newY); } } @Override public void dispatchAppVisibility(boolean visible) { final ViewRootImpl viewAncestor = mViewAncestor.get(); if (viewAncestor != null) { viewAncestor.dispatchAppVisibility(visible); } } @Override public void dispatchGetNewSurface() { final ViewRootImpl viewAncestor = mViewAncestor.get(); if (viewAncestor != null) { viewAncestor.dispatchGetNewSurface(); } } @Override public void windowFocusChanged(boolean hasFocus, boolean inTouchMode) { final ViewRootImpl viewAncestor = mViewAncestor.get(); if (viewAncestor != null) { viewAncestor.windowFocusChanged(hasFocus, inTouchMode); } } private static int checkCallingPermission(String permission) { try { return ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().checkPermission( permission, Binder.getCallingPid(), Binder.getCallingUid()); } catch (RemoteException e) { return PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED; } } @Override public void executeCommand(String command, String parameters, ParcelFileDescriptor out) { final ViewRootImpl viewAncestor = mViewAncestor.get(); if (viewAncestor != null) { final View view = viewAncestor.mView; if (view != null) { if (checkCallingPermission(Manifest.permission.DUMP) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { throw new SecurityException("Insufficient permissions to invoke" + " executeCommand() from pid=" + Binder.getCallingPid() + ", uid=" + Binder.getCallingUid()); } OutputStream clientStream = null; try { clientStream = new ParcelFileDescriptor.AutoCloseOutputStream(out); ViewDebug.dispatchCommand(view, command, parameters, clientStream); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (clientStream != null) { try { clientStream.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } } } @Override public void closeSystemDialogs(String reason) { final ViewRootImpl viewAncestor = mViewAncestor.get(); if (viewAncestor != null) { viewAncestor.dispatchCloseSystemDialogs(reason); } } @Override public void dispatchWallpaperOffsets(float x, float y, float xStep, float yStep, boolean sync) { if (sync) { try { mWindowSession.wallpaperOffsetsComplete(asBinder()); } catch (RemoteException e) { } } } @Override public void dispatchWallpaperCommand(String action, int x, int y, int z, Bundle extras, boolean sync) { if (sync) { try { mWindowSession.wallpaperCommandComplete(asBinder(), null); } catch (RemoteException e) { } } } /* Drag/drop */ @Override public void dispatchDragEvent(DragEvent event) { final ViewRootImpl viewAncestor = mViewAncestor.get(); if (viewAncestor != null) { viewAncestor.dispatchDragEvent(event); } } @Override public void dispatchSystemUiVisibilityChanged(int seq, int globalVisibility, int localValue, int localChanges) { final ViewRootImpl viewAncestor = mViewAncestor.get(); if (viewAncestor != null) { viewAncestor.dispatchSystemUiVisibilityChanged(seq, globalVisibility, localValue, localChanges); } } @Override public void onAnimationStarted(int remainingFrameCount) { final ViewRootImpl viewAncestor = mViewAncestor.get(); if (viewAncestor != null) { viewAncestor.dispatchWindowAnimationStarted(remainingFrameCount); } } @Override public void onAnimationStopped() { final ViewRootImpl viewAncestor = mViewAncestor.get(); if (viewAncestor != null) { viewAncestor.dispatchWindowAnimationStopped(); } } @Override public void dispatchWindowShown() { final ViewRootImpl viewAncestor = mViewAncestor.get(); if (viewAncestor != null) { viewAncestor.dispatchWindowShown(); } } }
public static IWindowSession getWindowSession() { synchronized (WindowManagerGlobal.class) { if (sWindowSession == null) { try { InputMethodManager imm = InputMethodManager.getInstance(); //关键点1 IWindowManager windowManager = getWindowManagerService(); //关键点2 sWindowSession = windowManager.openSession( new IWindowSessionCallback.Stub() { @Override public void onAnimatorScaleChanged(float scale) { ValueAnimator.setDurationScale(scale); } }, imm.getClient(), imm.getInputContext()); } catch (RemoteException e) { Log.e(TAG, "Failed to open window session", e); } } return sWindowSession; } }
public static IWindowManager getWindowManagerService() { synchronized (WindowManagerGlobal.class) { if (sWindowManagerService == null) { sWindowManagerService = IWindowManager.Stub.asInterface( ServiceManager.getService("window")); try { sWindowManagerService = getWindowManagerService(); ValueAnimator.setDurationScale(sWindowManagerService.getCurrentAnimatorScale()); } catch (RemoteException e) { Log.e(TAG, "Failed to get WindowManagerService, cannot set animator scale", e); } } return sWindowManagerService; } }
@Override public IWindowSession openSession(IWindowSessionCallback callback, IInputMethodClient client, IInputContext inputContext) { if (client == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("null client"); if (inputContext == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("null inputContext"); Session session = new Session(this, callback, client, inputContext); return session; }
到这里看到如何获取Session,下面就是利用Session来add一个窗口:其实是调用Session.java的addToDisplayWithoutInputChannel函数
final class Session extends IWindowSession.Stub implements IBinder.DeathRecipient { //... @Override public int addToDisplay(IWindow window, int seq, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, int viewVisibility, int displayId, Rect outContentInsets, Rect outStableInsets, Rect outOutsets, InputChannel outInputChannel) { return mService.addWindow(this, window, seq, attrs, viewVisibility, displayId, outContentInsets, outStableInsets, outOutsets, outInputChannel); } }
在WindowManager的LayoutParams中,与type同等重要的还有token。
上面说到:在源码中token一般代表的是Binder对象,作用于IPC进程间数据通讯。并且它也包含着此次通讯所需要的信息,在ViewRootImpl里,token用来表示mWindow(W类,即IWindow),并且在WmS中只有符合要求的token才能让Window正常显示。
如此一来,Window的添加请求就交给WmS去处理了,在WmS内部会为每一个应用保留一个单独的Session。在WmS 端会创建一个WindowState对象用来表示当前添加的窗口。 WmS负责管理这里些 WindowState 对象。至此,Window的添加过程就结束了。
至于Window的删除和更新过程,举一反三,也是使用WindowManagerGlobal对ViewRootImpl的操作,最终也是通过Session的IPC跨进程通信通知到WmS。整个过程的本质都是同出一辙的。
在WMS中addWindow又做了什么呢,就像名字写的,负责添加一个窗口,代码精简后如下:
public int addWindow(Session session, IWindow client, int seq, WindowManager.LayoutParams attrs, int viewVisibility, int displayId, Rect outContentInsets, Rect outStableInsets, Rect outOutsets, InputChannel outInputChannel) { ... synchronized(mWindowMap) { ... //关键点1 不能重复添加 if (mWindowMap.containsKey(client.asBinder())) { return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_DUPLICATE_ADD; } //关键点2 对于子窗口类型的处理 1、必须有父窗口 2,父窗口不能是子窗口类型 if (type >= FIRST_SUB_WINDOW && type <= LAST_SUB_WINDOW) { parentWindow = windowForClientLocked(null, attrs.token, false); if (parentWindow == null) { return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_SUBWINDOW_TOKEN; } if (parentWindow.mAttrs.type >= FIRST_SUB_WINDOW && parentWindow.mAttrs.type <= LAST_SUB_WINDOW) { return WindowManagerGlobal.ADD_BAD_SUBWINDOW_TOKEN; }} ... boolean addToken = false; //关键点3 根据IWindow 获取WindowToken WindowToken是窗口分组的基础,每个窗口必定有一个分组- WindowToken token = mTokenMap.get(attrs.token); //关键点4对于Toast类系统窗口,其attrs.token可以看做是null, 如果目前没有其他的类似系统窗口展示,token仍然获取不到,仍然要走新建流程 if (token == null) { ... token = new WindowToken(this, attrs.token, -1, false); addToken = true; } ... //关键点5 新建WindowState,WindowState与窗口是一对一的关系,可以看做是WMS中与窗口的抽象实体 WindowState win = new WindowState(this, session, client, token, attachedWindow, appOp[0], seq, attrs, viewVisibility, displayContent); ... if (addToken) { mTokenMap.put(attrs.token, token); } win.attach(); mWindowMap.put(client.asBinder(), win); ... //关键点6 addWindowToListInOrderLocked(win, true); return res; }
这里有几个概念需要先了解下:
- IWindow:APP端窗口暴露给WMS的抽象实例,在ViewRootImpl中实例化,与ViewRootImpl一一对应,同时也是WMS向APP端发送消息的Binder通道。
- WindowState:WMS端窗口的令牌,与IWindow,或者说与窗口一一对应,是WMS管理窗口的重要依据。
- WindowToken:窗口的令牌,其实也可以看做窗口分组的依据,在WMS端,与分组对应的数据结构是WindowToken(窗口令牌),而与组内每个窗口对应的是WindowState对象,每块令牌(AppWindowToken、WindowToken)都对应一组窗口(WindowState),Activity与Dialog对应的是AppWindowToken,PopupWindow对应的是普通的WindowToken。
- AppToken:其实是ActivityRecord里面的IApplicationToken.Stub appToken 代理,也是ActivityClientRecord里面的token,可以看做Activity在其他服务(非AMS)的抽象
那么接着
关键点1:一个窗口不能被添加两次,IWindow是一个Binder代理,在WMS端,一个窗口只会有一个IWindow代理,这是由Binder通信机制保证的,这个对象不能被添加两次,否则会报错。
关键点2,如果是子窗口的话,父窗口必须已被添加,由于我们分析的是系统Toast窗口,可以先不用关心;
关键点3,WindowManager.LayoutParams中有一个token字段,该字段标志着窗口的分组属性,比如Activity及其中的Dialog是复用用一个AppToken,Activity里的PopupWindow复用一个IWindow类型Token,其实就是Activity的ViewRootImpl里面创建的IWindow,而对于我们现在添加的Toast类系统窗口,并未设置其attrs.token,那即是null,其实所有的Toast类系统窗口的attrs.token都可以看做null,就算不是null,也会在WMS被强制设置为null。所以Toast类系统窗口必定复用一个WindowToken,也可以说所有的Toast类系统窗口都是位于同一分组,这也是因为该类型系统窗口太常用,而且为所有进程服务,直接用一个WindowToken管理更加快捷,毕竟快速新建与释放WindowToken也算是一种开销。假设到我们添加系统窗口的时候,没有任何系统窗口展示,是获取不到key=null的WindowToken的,要新建WindowToken,并且添加到全局的TokenMap中,
而关键点5,其实就是新建窗口在WMS端的抽象实例:WindowState,它同窗口一一对应,详细记录了窗口的参数、Z顺序、状态等各种信息,新建只有会被放入全局的Map中,同时也会被附加到相应的WindowToken分组中去,到这里APP端向WMS注册窗口的流程就算走完了,不过只算完成了前半部分,WMS还需要向SurfaceFlinger申请Surface,才算完成真正的分配了窗口。在向SurfaceFlinger申请Surface之前,WMS端需要获得SF的代理,在WindowState对象创建后会利用 win.attach()函数为当前APP申请建立SurfaceFlinger的链接:
void attach() { if (WindowManagerService.localLOGV) Slog.v( mSession.windowAddedLocked(); } void windowAddedLocked() { if (mSurfaceSession == null) { // SurfaceSession新建 mSurfaceSession = new SurfaceSession(); mService.mSessions.add(this); ... } mNumWindow++; }
可以看到SurfaceSession对于Session来说是单利的,也就是与APP的Seesion一一对应,SurfaceSession所握着的SurfaceFlinger的代理其实就是SurfaceComposerClient,其实现如下:
public SurfaceSession() { mNativeClient = nativeCreate(); } static jlong nativeCreate(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz) { SurfaceComposerClient* client = new SurfaceComposerClient(); client->incStrong((void*)nativeCreate); return reinterpret_cast<jlong>(client); }
SurfaceComposerClient::SurfaceComposerClient() : mStatus(NO_INIT), mComposer(Composer::getInstance()) { } // 单利的,所以只有第一次的时候采用 void SurfaceComposerClient::onFirstRef() { sp<ISurfaceComposer> sm(ComposerService::getComposerService()); if (sm != 0) { sp<ISurfaceComposerClient> conn = sm->createConnection(); if (conn != 0) { mClient = conn; mStatus = NO_ERROR; } } } sp<ISurfaceComposerClient> SurfaceFlinger::createConnection() { sp<ISurfaceComposerClient> bclient; sp<Client> client(new Client(this)); status_t err = client->initCheck(); if (err == NO_ERROR) { bclient = client; } return bclient; }
void scheduleTraversals() { if (!mTraversalScheduled) { mTraversalScheduled = true; //关键点1 添加塞子 mTraversalBarrier = mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().postSyncBarrier(); //关键点2 添加异步消息任务 mChoreographer.postCallback( Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null); ...
private void performTraversals() { final View host = mView; ... if (mFirst || windowShouldResize || insetsChanged || viewVisibilityChanged || params != null) { //关键点1 申请Surface或者重新设置参数 relayoutResult = relayoutWindow(params, viewVisibility, insetsPending); //关键点2 测量 performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec); } //关键点3 布局 performLayout(lp, desiredWindowWidth, desiredWindowHeight); //关键点4 更新window try { mWindowSession.setInsets(mWindow, insets.mTouchableInsets, contentInsets, visibleInsets, touchableRegion); ... //关键点5 绘制 performDraw(); ... }
private int relayoutWindow(WindowManager.LayoutParams params, int viewVisibility, boolean insetsPending) throws RemoteException { ... int relayoutResult = mWindowSession.relayout( mWindow, mSeq, params, ... mSurface); ... return relayoutResult; }
public int relayoutWindow(Session session, IWindow client, int seq,... Surface outSurface) { WindowState win = windowForClientLocked(session, client, false); WindowStateAnimator winAnimator = win.mWinAnimator; //关键点1 SurfaceControl surfaceControl = winAnimator.createSurfaceLocked(); if (surfaceControl != null) { //关键点2 outSurface.copyFrom(surfaceControl); } else { outSurface.release(); }
static jlong nativeCreate(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jobject sessionObj, jstring nameStr, jint w, jint h, jint format, jint flags) { ScopedUtfChars name(env, nameStr); //关键点1 sp<SurfaceComposerClient> client(android_view_SurfaceSession_getClient(env, sessionObj)); //关键点2 sp<SurfaceControl> surface = client->createSurface( String8(name.c_str()), w, h, format, flags); surface->incStrong((void *)nativeCreate); return reinterpret_cast<jlong>(surface.get()); }
关键点1是取到SurfaceSession对象中SurfaceComposerClient对象,之后调用SurfaceComposerClient的createSurface方法进一步创建SurfaceControl,
sp<SurfaceControl> SurfaceComposerClient::createSurface( const String8& name, uint32_t w, uint32_t h, PixelFormat format, uint32_t flags) { sp<SurfaceControl> sur; if (mStatus == NO_ERROR) { sp<IBinder> handle; sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> gbp; //关键点1 获取图层的关键信息handle, gbp status_t err = mClient->createSurface(name, w, h, format, flags, &handle, &gbp); //关键点2 根据返回的图层关键信息 创建SurfaceControl对象 if (err == NO_ERROR) { sur = new SurfaceControl(this, handle, gbp); } } return sur; }
status_t Client::createSurface( const String8& name, uint32_t w, uint32_t h, PixelFormat format, uint32_t flags, sp<IBinder>* handle, sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>* gbp){ ... //关键点2 这里并未直接创建 ,而是通过发送了一个MessageCreateLayer消息 sp<MessageBase> msg = new MessageCreateLayer(mFlinger.get(), name, this, w, h, format, flags, handle, gbp); mFlinger->postMessageSync(msg); return static_cast<MessageCreateLayer*>( msg.get() )->getResult(); }
Client 并不会直接新建图层,而是向SurfaceFlinger发送一个MessageCreateLayer消息,通知SurfaceFlinger服务去执行,其handler代码如下:
class MessageCreateLayer : public MessageBase { SurfaceFlinger* flinger; Client* client; virtual bool handler() { result = flinger->createLayer(name, client, w, h, format, flags, handle, gbp); return true; } };
其实就是调用SurfaceFlinger的createLayer,创建一个图层,到这里才是真正的创建图层:
status_t SurfaceFlinger::createLayer( const String8& name, const sp<Client>& client, uint32_t w, uint32_t h, PixelFormat format, uint32_t flags, sp<IBinder>* handle, sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>* gbp) { if (int32_t(w|h) < 0) { return BAD_VALUE; } status_t result = NO_ERROR; sp<Layer> layer; //关键点1 新建不同图层 switch (flags & ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceMask) { case ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceNormal: result = createNormalLayer(client, name, w, h, flags, format, handle, gbp, &layer); break; case ISurfaceComposerClient::eFXSurfaceDim: result = createDimLayer(client, name, w, h, flags, handle, gbp, &layer); break; default: result = BAD_VALUE; break; } if (result != NO_ERROR) { return result; } ... }
SurfaceFlinger会根据不同的窗口参数,创建不同类型的图层,这里只看一下createNormalLayer普通样式的图层,
status_t SurfaceFlinger::createNormalLayer(const sp<Client>& client, const String8& name, uint32_t w, uint32_t h, uint32_t flags, PixelFormat& format, sp<IBinder>* handle, sp<IGraphicBufferProducer>* gbp, sp<Layer>* outLayer) { // initialize the surfaces switch (format) { case PIXEL_FORMAT_TRANSPARENT: case PIXEL_FORMAT_TRANSLUCENT: format = PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBA_8888; break; case PIXEL_FORMAT_OPAQUE: format = PIXEL_FORMAT_RGBX_8888; break; } //关键点 1 *outLayer = new Layer(this, client, name, w, h, flags); status_t err = (*outLayer)->setBuffers(w, h, format, flags); //关键点 2 if (err == NO_ERROR) { *handle = (*outLayer)->getHandle(); *gbp = (*outLayer)->getProducer(); } return err; }
可以看到 图层最终对应的是Layer,这里会新建一个Layer对象,Layer中包含着与这个图层对应的Handle及Producer对象,Handle可以看做是Surface的唯一性标识,不过好像没太大的作用,最多是一个标识,将来清理的时候有用。相比之下gbp = (*outLayer)->getProducer()比较重要,它实际是一个BufferQueueProducer对象,关系到共享内存的分配问题,后面会专门分析,这里到此打住,我们终于得到了一个图层对象,到这里之后,我们梳理一下,图层如何建立的:
- 首先APP端新建一个Surface图层的容器壳子,
- APP通过Binder通信将这个Surface的壳子传递给WMS,
- WMS为了填充Surface去向SurfaceFlinger申请真正的图层,
- SurfaceFlinger收到WMS请求为APP端的Surface分配真正图层
- 将图层相关的关键信息Handle及Producer传递给WMS
Layer建立之后,SurfaceFlinger会将图层标识信息Handle及Producer传递给WMS,WMS利用这两者创建一个SurfaceControl对象,之后再利用该对象创建Surface,具体代码如下:
void getSurface(Surface outSurface) { outSurface.copyFrom(mSurfaceControl); } public void copyFrom(SurfaceControl other) { long surfaceControlPtr = other.mNativeObject; long newNativeObject = nativeCreateFromSurfaceControl(surfaceControlPtr); synchronized (mLock) { setNativeObjectLocked(newNativeObject); } }
可以看到Surface的拷贝函数其实就是直接修改Surface native对象指针值,native的Surface对象中包含mGraphicBufferProducer对象,很重要,会被传递给APP端。
static jlong nativeCreateFromSurfaceControl(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jlong surfaceControlNativeObj) { sp<SurfaceControl> ctrl(reinterpret_cast<SurfaceControl *>(surfaceControlNativeObj)); sp<Surface> surface(ctrl->getSurface()); if (surface != NULL) { surface->incStrong(&sRefBaseOwner); } return reinterpret_cast<jlong>(surface.get()); } sp<Surface> SurfaceControl::getSurface() const { Mutex::Autolock _l(mLock); if (mSurfaceData == 0) { mSurfaceData = new Surface(mGraphicBufferProducer, false); } return mSurfaceData; }
到这里WMS端Surface创建及填充完毕,并且Surface其实与WMS的SurfaceControl一一对应,当APP端需要在图层级别进行操控的时候,其实还是要依靠SurfaceControl的,WMS的Surface创建完毕后,需要传递给APP端,之后APP端就获得直接同SurfaceFlinger通信的能力,比如绘图与UI更新,怎传递的呢?我们知道Surface实现了Parcel接口,因此可以传递序列化的数据,其实看一下Surface nativeReadFromParcel就知道到底是怎么传递的了,利用readStrongBinder获取IGraphicBufferProducer对象的句柄,之后转化为IGraphicBufferProducer代理其实就是BpGraphicBufferProducer,之后利用BpGraphicBufferProducer构建Surface,这样APP端Surface就被填充完毕,可以同SurfaceFlinger通信了:
static jlong nativeReadFromParcel(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jlong nativeObject, jobject parcelObj) { Parcel* parcel = parcelForJavaObject(env, parcelObj); if (parcel == NULL) { doThrowNPE(env); return 0; } sp<Surface> self(reinterpret_cast<Surface *>(nativeObject)); sp<IBinder> binder(parcel->readStrongBinder()); if (self != NULL && (IInterface::asBinder(self->getIGraphicBufferProducer()) == binder)) { return jlong(self.get()); } sp<Surface> sur; sp<IGraphicBufferProducer> gbp(interface_cast<IGraphicBufferProducer>(binder)); if (gbp != NULL) { sur = new Surface(gbp, true); sur->incStrong(&sRefBaseOwner); } if (self != NULL) { self->decStrong(&sRefBaseOwner); } return jlong(sur.get()); }
到这里为止,APP<->WMS <->WMS 通信申请Surface的流程算走完了
总结
窗口的添加流程简化如下,这里暂且忽略窗口的分组管理。
- APP首先去WMS登记窗口
- WMS端登记窗口
- APP新建Surface壳子,请求WMS填充Surface
- WMS请求SurfaceFlinger分配窗口图层
- SurfaceFlinger分配Layer,将结果回传给WMS
- WMS将窗口信息填充到Surface传输到APP
- APP端获得填充信息,获取与SurfaceFlinger通信的能力