VBA比较两个Excel数据的异同

代码背景：

• 由于Excel本身无法简单的比较两个Excel数据的异同，所以用VBA编写代码的方式来实现。
• 这里的比较条件是：数据行为单位，假设对应Sheet中没有重复数据，对应数据行的所有列的数据都相等，即为此行数据相同。
• 这里的两个Sheet的数据行量级别大约为：50000 * 50000，数据列大约：50，对应Cell中的字符串大约100以内，中英文混合。
• 如何在Excel中调出VBA的编写工具，请参考如下链接： https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/63f236281f17650208ab3d97.html

整体来说，需求非常明确，若是不考虑效率的话，代码逻辑比较简单，循环比较即可。

相关代码：

Sub CompareData()

    Dim i As Long
    Dim j As Long
    
    Dim fullSheetName As String
    fullSheetName = "Sheet1"
    Set fullSheet = Sheets(fullSheetName)
    Dim fullDataRange As Variant
    fullDataRange = fullSheet.Range("A1", "AT80000").CurrentRegion.Value
    Dim fullSheetRowMax As Long
    fullSheetRowMax = fullSheet.Range("A1", "AT80000").CurrentRegion.Rows.Count
    
    Dim partialSheetName As String
    partialSheetName = "Sheet2"
    Set partialSheet = Sheets(partialSheetName)
    Dim partialDataRange As Variant
    partialDataRange = partialSheet.Range("A1", "AT80000").CurrentRegion.Value
    Dim partialSheetRowMax As Long
    partialSheetRowMax = partialSheet.Range("A1", "AT80000").CurrentRegion.Rows.Count

    Dim columnMax As Integer
    columnMax = 46
    
    Dim columnMark As Integer
    columnMark = 48
    
    Dim sameRow As Boolean
    
    For i = 1 To fullSheetRowMax
        For j = 1 To partialSheetRowMax
            sameRow = True
            For columnIndex = 1 To columnMax
                If fullDataRange(i, columnIndex) <> partialDataRange(j, columnIndex) Then
                    sameRow = False
                    Exit For
                End If
            Next columnIndex
            
            If sameRow Then
                fullSheet.Cells(i, columnMark) = 1
                Exit For
            End If
        Next j
    Next i
    
    MsgBox "Successfully!"
End Sub

上述代码实际运行大约用30分钟完成此数量级的比较，大约1000亿次的比较。

当然了我们需要更快的比较方式，那么就需要对大数据进行结构优化，即：将partial的sheet中的数据进行分组，比如每1000个row放到一个组里，然后用一个标志位标记这个组里1000个row是否都有相同的数据，如有都有的话，那么下次再比较的时候就可以跳过这个组，进行下一组的1000个row的循环遍历。相同数量级，大约2分钟比较完成。

注：实际数据是按照时间进行抽取出来的，所以partial的sheet数据 大致都在full的sheet的前半部分相同，如果数据无规律，非常混乱，那么还要对每一个row的数据进行结构优化，即：用另外一个标记为进行标记此row是否有相同的数据，判断的时候先判断这个标记位】

相关代码如下：

【注：函数中的一些变量都是HardCode的，要根据具体数据进行修改】

Public Type PartialBasedModule
    IsAllSame As Boolean
    SheetDataRange As Variant
    SameCount As Long
End Type


Sub CompareData()

    Dim i As Long
    Dim j As Long
    Dim k As Long
    
    Dim fullSheetName As String
    fullSheetName = "Sheet1"
    Set fullSheet = Sheets(fullSheetName)
    Dim fullDataRange As Variant
    fullDataRange = fullSheet.Range("A1", "AT80000").CurrentRegion.Value
    Dim fullSheetRowMax As Long
    fullSheetRowMax = fullSheet.Range("A1", "AT80000").CurrentRegion.Rows.Count
    
    Dim partialSheetName As String
    partialSheetName = "Sheet2"
    Set partialSheet = Sheets(partialSheetName)
    Dim PartialDataRange As Variant
    PartialDataRange = partialSheet.Range("A1", "AT80000").CurrentRegion.Value
    Dim partialSheetRowMax As Long
    partialSheetRowMax = partialSheet.Range("A1", "AT80000").CurrentRegion.Rows.Count
    
    Dim partialSheetPages() As PartialBasedModule
    partialSheetPages = SeparatePartialSheet(PartialDataRange, partialSheetRowMax)

    Dim columnMax As Integer
    columnMax = 46
    
    Dim columnMark As Integer
    columnMark = 48
    
    Dim sameRow As Boolean
    
    For i = 1 To fullSheetRowMax
        For j = 1 To UBound(partialSheetPages)
            If partialSheetPages(j).SameCount < 1000 Then
                For k = 1 To UBound(partialSheetPages(j).SheetDataRange)
                    sameRow = True
                    For ColumnIndex = 1 To columnMax
                        If fullDataRange(i, ColumnIndex) <> partialSheetPages(j).SheetDataRange(k, ColumnIndex) Then
                            sameRow = False
                            Exit For
                        End If
                    Next ColumnIndex
                    
                    If sameRow Then
                        fullSheet.Cells(i, columnMark) = 1
                        partialSheetPages(j).SameCount = partialSheetPages(j).SameCount + 1
                        Exit For
                    End If
                Next k
            Else
                sameRow = False
            End If
            
            If sameRow Then
                Exit For
            End If
        Next j
    Next i
    
    MsgBox "Successfully!"
End Sub

Public Function SeparatePartialSheet(ByRef PartialDataRange As Variant, ByVal rowCount As Long) As PartialBasedModule()
    Dim eachPageCount As Long
    eachPageCount = 1000
    Dim pageCount As Integer
    pageCount = Int(rowCount / eachPageCount) + 1
    Dim pageIndex As Long
    
    Dim pageArr() As PartialBasedModule
    Dim startIndex As Long
    Dim endIndex As Long
    
    For pageIndex = 1 To pageCount
        Dim seperatedDataRange(1 To 1000, 1 To 46) As Variant
        Dim seperatedIndex As Long
        seperatedIndex = 1
        Dim colIndex As Integer
        
        If pageIndex < pageCount Then
            endIndex = pageIndex * eachPageCount
        Else
            endIndex = rowCount
        End If
        
        
        For startIndex = (pageIndex - 1) * eachPageCount + 1 To endIndex
            For colIndex = 1 To 46
                seperatedDataRange(seperatedIndex, colIndex) = PartialDataRange(startIndex, colIndex)
            Next colIndex
            seperatedIndex = seperatedIndex + 1
        Next startIndex
        
        Dim pageData As PartialBasedModule
        pageData.SheetDataRange = seperatedDataRange
        pageData.SameCount = 0
        pageData.IsAllSame = False
        
        ReDim Preserve pageArr(pageIndex)
        pageArr(pageIndex) = pageData
    Next pageIndex
    
    
    SeparatePartialSheet = pageArr
End Function

给每个Row都加上标记的代码如下所示：【相同界别的数据，大约1分钟完成比较】

Public Type RowModule
    IsSame As Boolean
    RowData As Variant
End Type

Public Type PartialBasedModule
    IsAllSame As Boolean
    SheetDataRange() As RowModule
    SameCount As Long
End Type


Sub CompareData()

    Dim i As Long
    Dim j As Long
    Dim k As Long
    
    Dim fullSheetName As String
    fullSheetName = "Sheet1"
    Set fullSheet = Sheets(fullSheetName)
    Dim fullDataRange As Variant
    fullDataRange = fullSheet.Range("A1", "AT80000").CurrentRegion.Value
    Dim fullSheetRowMax As Long
    fullSheetRowMax = fullSheet.Range("A1", "AT80000").CurrentRegion.Rows.Count
    
    Dim partialSheetName As String
    partialSheetName = "Sheet2"
    Set partialSheet = Sheets(partialSheetName)
    Dim PartialDataRange As Variant
    PartialDataRange = partialSheet.Range("A1", "AT80000").CurrentRegion.Value
    Dim partialSheetRowMax As Long
    partialSheetRowMax = partialSheet.Range("A1", "AT80000").CurrentRegion.Rows.Count
    
    Dim partialSheetPages() As PartialBasedModule
    partialSheetPages = SeparatePartialSheet(PartialDataRange, partialSheetRowMax)

    Dim columnMax As Integer
    columnMax = 46
    
    Dim columnMark As Integer
    columnMark = 48
    
    Dim sameRow As Boolean
    
    For i = 1 To fullSheetRowMax
        For j = 1 To UBound(partialSheetPages)
            If partialSheetPages(j).SameCount < 1000 Then
                For k = 1 To UBound(partialSheetPages(j).SheetDataRange)
                    sameRow = True
                    
                    If partialSheetPages(j).SheetDataRange(k).IsSame Then
                        sameRow = False
                    Else
                        For ColumnIndex = 1 To columnMax
                            If fullDataRange(i, ColumnIndex) <> partialSheetPages(j).SheetDataRange(k).RowData(ColumnIndex) Then
                                sameRow = False
                                Exit For
                            End If
                        Next ColumnIndex
                        
                        If sameRow Then
                            fullSheet.Cells(i, columnMark) = 1
                            partialSheetPages(j).SheetDataRange(k).IsSame = True
                            partialSheetPages(j).SameCount = partialSheetPages(j).SameCount + 1
                            Exit For
                        End If
                    End If
                Next k
            Else
                sameRow = False
            End If
            
            If sameRow Then
                Exit For
            End If
        Next j
    Next i
    
    MsgBox "Successfully!"
End Sub

Public Function SeparatePartialSheet(ByRef PartialDataRange As Variant, ByVal rowCount As Long) As PartialBasedModule()
    Dim eachPageCount As Long
    eachPageCount = 1000
    Dim pageCount As Integer
    pageCount = Int(rowCount / eachPageCount) + 1
    Dim pageIndex As Long
    
    Dim pageArr() As PartialBasedModule
    Dim startIndex As Long
    Dim endIndex As Long
    
    For pageIndex = 1 To pageCount
        Dim seperatedDataRange(1 To 1000) As RowModule
        Dim dataRows(1 To 1000) As Variant
        Dim seperatedIndex As Long
        seperatedIndex = 1
        Dim colIndex As Integer
        
        If pageIndex < pageCount Then
            endIndex = pageIndex * eachPageCount
        Else
            endIndex = rowCount
        End If
        
        
        For startIndex = (pageIndex - 1) * eachPageCount + 1 To endIndex
            Dim dataRow(1 To 46) As Variant
            For colIndex = 1 To 46
                dataRow(colIndex) = PartialDataRange(startIndex, colIndex)
            Next colIndex
            
            Dim currentRowModule As RowModule
            currentRowModule.RowData = dataRow
            currentRowModule.IsSame = False
            
            seperatedDataRange(seperatedIndex) = currentRowModule
            seperatedIndex = seperatedIndex + 1
        Next startIndex
        
        Dim pageData As PartialBasedModule
        pageData.SheetDataRange = seperatedDataRange
        pageData.SameCount = 0
        pageData.IsAllSame = False
        
        ReDim Preserve pageArr(pageIndex)
        pageArr(pageIndex) = pageData
    Next pageIndex
    
    
    SeparatePartialSheet = pageArr
End Function

最终的一个简单的数据结构如下图所示：