在实际开发中，由于业务需要，常常需要进行Excel导入导出操作。以前做一些简单的导入时，先准备一个模板，再进行导入，单有十几、
二十几个导入模板时，往往要做十几、二十几个模板。而且，当在模板中需要有下拉框，而且下拉数据要实时查询时，这样的方法就不太好了；
现在，做成了动态生成导入模板，只要参数传对了，就可以生成任何我们想要的导入模板，而且随意设置下拉框的数目、位置。
具体步骤如下：
1、需要用到的jar包：
poi-3.10-FINAL.jar
poi-ooxml-3.10-FINAL.jar
poi-ooxml-schemas-3.10-FINAL.jar
gradle引入：
compile group: 'org.apache.poi', name: 'poi', version: '3.10'
compile group: 'org.apache.poi', name: 'poi-ooxml', version: '3.10-FINAL'
2、生成Excel导入模板 :
/** * @Title: createExcelTemplate * @Description: 生成Excel导入模板 * @param @param filePath Excel文件路径 * @param @param handers Excel列标题(数组) * @param @param downData 下拉框数据(数组) * @param @param downRows 下拉列的序号(数组,序号从0开始) * @return void * @throws */ private static void createExcelTemplate(String filePath, String[] handers, List<String[]> downData, String[] downRows){ HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();//创建工作薄 //表头样式 HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle(); style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER); // 创建一个居中格式 //字体样式 HSSFFont fontStyle = wb.createFont(); fontStyle.setFontName("微软雅黑"); fontStyle.setFontHeightInPoints((short)12); fontStyle.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD); style.setFont(fontStyle); //新建sheet HSSFSheet sheet1 = wb.createSheet("Sheet1"); HSSFSheet sheet2 = wb.createSheet("Sheet2"); HSSFSheet sheet3 = wb.createSheet("Sheet3"); //生成sheet1内容 HSSFRow rowFirst = sheet1.createRow(0);//第一个sheet的第一行为标题 //写标题 for(int i=0;i<handers.length;i++){ HSSFCell cell = rowFirst.createCell(i); //获取第一行的每个单元格 sheet1.setColumnWidth(i, 4000); //设置每列的列宽 cell.setCellStyle(style); //加样式 cell.setCellValue(handers[i]); //往单元格里写数据 } //设置下拉框数据 String[] arr = {"A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z"}; int index = 0; HSSFRow row = null; for(int r=0;r<downRows.length;r++){ String[] dlData = downData.get(r);//获取下拉对象 int rownum = Integer.parseInt(downRows[r]); if(dlData.length<5){ //255以内的下拉 //255以内的下拉,参数分别是：作用的sheet、下拉内容数组、起始行、终止行、起始列、终止列 sheet1.addValidationData(setDataValidation(sheet1, dlData, 1, 50000, rownum ,rownum)); //超过255个报错 } else { //255以上的下拉，即下拉列表元素很多的情况 //1、设置有效性 //String strFormula = "Sheet2!$A$1:$A$5000" ; //Sheet2第A1到A5000作为下拉列表来源数据 String strFormula = "Sheet2!$"+arr[index]+"$1:$"+arr[index]+"$5000"; //Sheet2第A1到A5000作为下拉列表来源数据 sheet2.setColumnWidth(r, 4000); //设置每列的列宽 //设置数据有效性加载在哪个单元格上,参数分别是：从sheet2获取A1到A5000作为一个下拉的数据、起始行、终止行、起始列、终止列 sheet1.addValidationData(SetDataValidation(strFormula, 1, 50000, rownum, rownum)); //下拉列表元素很多的情况 //2、生成sheet2内容 for(int j=0;j<dlData.length;j++){ if(index==0){ //第1个下拉选项，直接创建行、列 row = sheet2.createRow(j); //创建数据行 sheet2.setColumnWidth(j, 4000); //设置每列的列宽 row.createCell(0).setCellValue(dlData[j]); //设置对应单元格的值 } else { //非第1个下拉选项 int rowCount = sheet2.getLastRowNum(); //System.out.println("========== LastRowNum =========" + rowCount); if(j<=rowCount){ //前面创建过的行，直接获取行，创建列 //获取行，创建列 sheet2.getRow(j).createCell(index).setCellValue(dlData[j]); //设置对应单元格的值 } else { //未创建过的行，直接创建行、创建列 sheet2.setColumnWidth(j, 4000); //设置每列的列宽 //创建行、创建列 sheet2.createRow(j).createCell(index).setCellValue(dlData[j]); //设置对应单元格的值 } } } index++; } } try { File f = new File(filePath); //写文件 //不存在则新增 if(!f.getParentFile().exists()){ f.getParentFile().mkdirs(); } if(!f.exists()){ f.createNewFile(); } FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(f); out.flush(); wb.write(out); out.close(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }
3、设置有效性：
/** * * @Title: SetDataValidation * @Description: 下拉列表元素很多的情况 (255以上的下拉) * @param @param strFormula * @param @param firstRow 起始行 * @param @param endRow 终止行 * @param @param firstCol 起始列 * @param @param endCol 终止列 * @param @return * @return HSSFDataValidation * @throws */ private static HSSFDataValidation SetDataValidation(String strFormula, int firstRow, int endRow, int firstCol, int endCol) { // 设置数据有效性加载在哪个单元格上。四个参数分别是：起始行、终止行、起始列、终止列 CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList(firstRow, endRow, firstCol, endCol); DVConstraint constraint = DVConstraint.createFormulaListConstraint(strFormula); HSSFDataValidation dataValidation = new HSSFDataValidation(regions,constraint); dataValidation.createErrorBox("Error", "Error"); dataValidation.createPromptBox("", null); return dataValidation; } /** * * @Title: setDataValidation * @Description: 下拉列表元素不多的情况(255以内的下拉) * @param @param sheet * @param @param textList * @param @param firstRow * @param @param endRow * @param @param firstCol * @param @param endCol * @param @return * @return DataValidation * @throws */ private static DataValidation setDataValidation(Sheet sheet, String[] textList, int firstRow, int endRow, int firstCol, int endCol) { DataValidationHelper helper = sheet.getDataValidationHelper(); //加载下拉列表内容 DataValidationConstraint constraint = helper.createExplicitListConstraint(textList); //DVConstraint constraint = new DVConstraint(); constraint.setExplicitListValues(textList); //设置数据有效性加载在哪个单元格上。四个参数分别是：起始行、终止行、起始列、终止列 CellRangeAddressList regions = new CellRangeAddressList((short) firstRow, (short) endRow, (short) firstCol, (short) endCol); //数据有效性对象 DataValidation data_validation = helper.createValidation(constraint, regions); //DataValidation data_validation = new DataValidation(regions, constraint); return data_validation; }
4、下载指定路径的Excel文件：
/** * @Title: getExcel * @Description: 下载指定路径的Excel文件 * @param @param url 文件路径 * @param @param fileName 文件名 * @param @param response * @return void * @throws */ public static void getExcel(String url, String fileName, HttpServletResponse response,HttpServletRequest request){ try { //1.设置文件ContentType类型，这样设置，会自动判断下载文件类型 response.setContentType("multipart/form-data"); //2.设置文件头：最后一个参数是设置下载文件名 response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment; filename="" + encodeChineseDownloadFileName(request, fileName+".xls") +"""); // response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" // + new String(fileName.getBytes("UTF-8"), "ISO-8859-1") + ".xls"); //中文文件名 //通过文件路径获得File对象 File file = new File(url); FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(file); //3.通过response获取OutputStream对象(out) OutputStream out = new BufferedOutputStream(response.getOutputStream()); int b = 0; byte[] buffer = new byte[2048]; while ((b=in.read(buffer)) != -1){ out.write(buffer,0,b); //4.写到输出流(out)中 } in.close(); out.flush(); out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { log.error("下载Excel模板异常", e); } } /** * * @Title: encodeChineseDownloadFileName * @Description: TODO(这里用一句话描述这个方法的作用) * @param @param request * @param @param pFileName * @param @return * @param @throws UnsupportedEncodingException * @return String * @throws */ private static String encodeChineseDownloadFileName(HttpServletRequest request, String pFileName) throws UnsupportedEncodingException { String filename = null; String agent = request.getHeader("USER-AGENT"); //System.out.println("agent==========》"+agent); if (null != agent) { if (-1 != agent.indexOf("Firefox")) {//Firefox filename = "=?UTF-8?B?" + (new String(org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64.encodeBase64(pFileName.getBytes("UTF-8")))) + "?="; } else if (-1 != agent.indexOf("Chrome")) {//Chrome filename = new String(pFileName.getBytes(), "ISO8859-1"); } else {//IE7+ filename = java.net.URLEncoder.encode(pFileName, "UTF-8"); filename = StringUtils.replace(filename, "+", "%20");//替换空格 } } else { filename = pFileName; } return filename; }
5、删除生成的临时文件：
/** * @Title: delFile * @Description: 删除文件 * @param @param filePath 文件路径 * @return void * @throws */ public static void delFile(String filePath) { java.io.File delFile = new java.io.File(filePath); delFile.delete(); }
6、示例：
/** * @Title: getExcelTemplate * @Description: 生成Excel模板并导出 * @param @param uuid * @param @param request * @param @param response * @param @return * @return Data * @throws */ @RequestMapping("/getExcelTemplate") public void getExcelTemplate(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){ String fileName = "员工信息表"; //模板名称 String[] handers = {"姓名","性别","证件类型","证件号码","服务结束时间","参保地","民族"}; //列标题 //下拉框数据 List<String[]> downData = new ArrayList(); String[] str1 = {"男","女","未知"}; String[] str2 = {"北京","上海","广州","深圳","武汉","长沙","湘潭"}; String[] str3 = {"01-汉族","02-蒙古族","03-回族","04-藏族","05-维吾尔族","06-苗族","07-彝族","08-壮族","09-布依族",
"10-朝鲜族","11-满族","12-侗族","13-瑶族","14-白族","15-土家族","16-哈尼族","17-哈萨克族","18-傣族","19-黎族","20-傈僳族",
"21-佤族","22-畲族","23-高山族","24-拉祜族","25-水族","26-东乡族","27-纳西族","28-景颇族","29-柯尔克孜族","30-土族",
"31-达斡尔族","32-仫佬族","33-羌族","34-布朗族","35-撒拉族","36-毛难族","37-仡佬族","38-锡伯族","39-阿昌族","40-普米族",
"41-塔吉克族","42-怒族","43-乌孜别克族","44-俄罗斯族","45-鄂温克族","46-德昂族","47-保安族","48-裕固族","49-京族","50-塔塔尔族",
"51-独龙族","52-鄂伦春族","53-赫哲族","54-门巴族","55-珞巴族","56-基诺族","98-外国血统","99-其他"}; downData.add(str1); downData.add(str2); downData.add(str3); String [] downRows = {"1","5","6"}; //下拉的列序号数组(序号从0开始) try { ExcelUtil.getExcelTemplate(fileName, handers, downData, downRows, request, response); } catch (Exception e) { log.error("批量导入信息异常：" + e.getMessage()); } }
7、结果如图：
