贪婪算法-货物装载问题
最优解问题
限制条件--------满足条件=可行解
优化函数--------满足限制=最优解
贪心准则： 选择的依据或者标准
货物装载
拓扑排序
有向图得遍历
最小生成树
1 // change the length of an array
2
3 //changeLength1D.h
4
5 #ifndef changeLength1D_
6 #define changeLength1D_
7
8 #include "myExceptions.h"
9
10 using namespace std;
11
12 template<class T>
13 void changeLength1D(T*& a, int oldLength, int newLength)
14 {
15 if (newLength < 0)
16 throw illegalParameterValue("new length must be >= 0");
17
18 T* temp = new T[newLength]; // new array
19 int number =oldLength>newLength?newLength:oldLength; // number to copy
20 copy(a, a + number, temp);
21 delete [] a; // deallocate old memory
22 a = temp;
23 }
24
25 #endif
1 // container struct used greedyLoading
2
3 //container.h
4 #ifndef container_
5 #define container_
6
7 struct container
8 {
9 int id, weight;
10 operator int () const {return weight;}
11 };
12
13 #endif
1 // heap sort a[1:n]
2
3 //heapSort.h
4 #ifndef heapSort_
5 #define heapSort_
6
7 #include "maxHeap.h"
8
9 using namespace std;
10
11 template <class T>
12 void heapSort(T a[], int n)
13 {// Sort a[1:n] using the heap sort method.
14 // create a max heap of the elements
15 maxHeap<T> heap(1);
16 heap.initialize(a, n);
17
18 // extract one by one from the max heap
19 for (int i = n - 1; i >= 1; i--)
20 {
21 T x = heap.top();
22 heap.pop();
23 a[i+1] = x;
24 }
25
26 // save array a from heap destructor
27 heap.deactivateArray();
28 }
29
30 #endif
1 // heap implementation of a max priority queue
2 // derives from the ADT maxPriorityQueue
3
4 //maxHeap.h
5 #ifndef maxHeap_
6 #define maxHeap_
7
8 #include "maxPriorityQueue.h"
9 #include "myExceptions.h"
10 #include "changeLength1D.h"
11 #include <sstream>
12 #include <algorithm>
13
14 using namespace std;
15
16 template<class T>
17 class maxHeap : public maxPriorityQueue<T>
18 {
19 public:
20 maxHeap(int initialCapacity = 10);
21 ~maxHeap() {delete [] heap;}
22 bool empty() const {return heapSize == 0;}
23 int size() const
24 {return heapSize;}
25 const T& top()
26 {// return max element
27 if (heapSize == 0)
28 throw queueEmpty();
29 return heap[1];
30 }
31 void pop();
32 void push(const T&);
33 void initialize(T *, int);
34 void deactivateArray()
35 {heap = NULL; arrayLength = heapSize = 0;}
36 void output(ostream& out) const;
37 private:
38 int heapSize; // number of elements in queue
39 int arrayLength; // queue capacity + 1
40 T *heap; // element array
41 };
42
43 template<class T>
44 maxHeap<T>::maxHeap(int initialCapacity)
45 {// Constructor.
46 if (initialCapacity < 1)
47 {ostringstream s;
48 s << "Initial capacity = " << initialCapacity << " Must be > 0";
49 throw illegalParameterValue(s.str());
50 }
51 arrayLength = initialCapacity + 1;
52 heap = new T[arrayLength];
53 heapSize = 0;
54 }
55
56 template<class T>
57 void maxHeap<T>::push(const T& theElement)
58 {// Add theElement to heap.
59
60 // increase array length if necessary
61 if (heapSize == arrayLength - 1)
62 {// double array length
63 changeLength1D(heap, arrayLength, 2 * arrayLength);
64 arrayLength *= 2;
65 }
66
67 // find place for theElement
68 // currentNode starts at new leaf and moves up tree
69 int currentNode = ++heapSize;
70 while (currentNode != 1 && heap[currentNode / 2] < theElement)
71 {
72 // cannot put theElement in heap[currentNode]
73 heap[currentNode] = heap[currentNode / 2]; // move element down
74 currentNode /= 2; // move to parent
75 }
76
77 heap[currentNode] = theElement;
78 }
79
80 template<class T>
81 void maxHeap<T>::pop()
82 {// Remove max element.
83 // if heap is empty return null
84 if (heapSize == 0) // heap empty
85 throw queueEmpty();
86
87 // Delete max element
88 heap[1].~T();
89
90 // Remove last element and reheapify
91 T lastElement = heap[heapSize--];
92
93 // find place for lastElement starting at root
94 int currentNode = 1,
95 child = 2; // child of currentNode
96 while (child <= heapSize)
97 {
98 // heap[child] should be larger child of currentNode
99 if (child < heapSize && heap[child] < heap[child + 1])
100 child++;
101
102 // can we put lastElement in heap[currentNode]?
103 if (lastElement >= heap[child])
104 break; // yes
105
106 // no
107 heap[currentNode] = heap[child]; // move child up
108 currentNode = child; // move down a level
109 child *= 2;
110 }
111 heap[currentNode] = lastElement;
112 }
113
114 template<class T>
115 void maxHeap<T>::initialize(T *theHeap, int theSize)
116 {// Initialize max heap to element array theHeap[1:theSize].
117 delete [] heap;
118 heap = theHeap;
119 heapSize = theSize;
120
121 // heapify
122 for (int root = heapSize / 2; root >= 1; root--)
123 {
124 T rootElement = heap[root];
125
126 // find place to put rootElement
127 int child = 2 * root; // parent of child is target
128 // location for rootElement
129 while (child <= heapSize)
130 {
131 // heap[child] should be larger sibling
132 if (child < heapSize && heap[child] < heap[child + 1])
133 child++;
134
135 // can we put rootElement in heap[child/2]?
136 if (rootElement >= heap[child])
137 break; // yes
138
139 // no
140 heap[child / 2] = heap[child]; // move child up
141 child *= 2; // move down a level
142 }
143 heap[child / 2] = rootElement;
144 }
145 }
146
147 template<class T>
148 void maxHeap<T>::output(ostream& out) const
149 {// Put the list into the stream out.
150 copy(heap + 1, heap + heapSize + 1, ostream_iterator<T>(cout, " "));
151 }
152
153 // overload <<
154 template <class T>
155 ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const maxHeap<T>& x)
156 {x.output(out); return out;}
157
158 #endif
1 // abstract class max priority queue
2 // all methods are pure virtual functions
3
4 //maxPriorityQueue.h
5 #ifndef maxPriorityQueue_
6 #define maxPriorityQueue_
7
8 using namespace std;
9
10 template<class T>
11 class maxPriorityQueue
12 {
13 public:
14 virtual ~maxPriorityQueue() {}
15 virtual bool empty() const = 0;
16 // return true iff queue is empty
17 virtual int size() const = 0;
18 // return number of elements in queue
19 virtual const T& top() = 0;
20 // return reference to the max element
21 virtual void pop() = 0;
22 // remove the top element
23 virtual void push(const T& theElement) = 0;
24 // add theElement to the queue
25 };
26 #endif
1 // exception classes for various error types
2
3 //myexceptions.h
4 #ifndef myExceptions_
5 #define myExceptions_
6 #include <string>
7 #include <iostream>
8 using namespace std;
9
10 // illegal parameter value
11 class illegalParameterValue
12 {
13 public:
14 illegalParameterValue(string theMessage = "Illegal parameter value")
15 {message = theMessage;}
16 void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
17 private:
18 string message;
19 };
20
21 // illegal input data
22 class illegalInputData
23 {
24 public:
25 illegalInputData(string theMessage = "Illegal data input")
26 {message = theMessage;}
27 void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
28 private:
29 string message;
30 };
31
32 // illegal index
33 class illegalIndex
34 {
35 public:
36 illegalIndex(string theMessage = "Illegal index")
37 {message = theMessage;}
38 void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
39 private:
40 string message;
41 };
42
43 // matrix index out of bounds
44 class matrixIndexOutOfBounds
45 {
46 public:
47 matrixIndexOutOfBounds
48 (string theMessage = "Matrix index out of bounds")
49 {message = theMessage;}
50 void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
51 private:
52 string message;
53 };
54
55 // matrix size mismatch
56 class matrixSizeMismatch
57 {
58 public:
59 matrixSizeMismatch(string theMessage =
60 "The size of the two matrics doesn't match")
61 {message = theMessage;}
62 void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
63 private:
64 string message;
65 };
66
67 // stack is empty
68 class stackEmpty
69 {
70 public:
71 stackEmpty(string theMessage =
72 "Invalid operation on empty stack")
73 {message = theMessage;}
74 void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
75 private:
76 string message;
77 };
78
79 // queue is empty
80 class queueEmpty
81 {
82 public:
83 queueEmpty(string theMessage =
84 "Invalid operation on empty queue")
85 {message = theMessage;}
86 void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
87 private:
88 string message;
89 };
90
91 // hash table is full
92 class hashTableFull
93 {
94 public:
95 hashTableFull(string theMessage =
96 "The hash table is full")
97 {message = theMessage;}
98 void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
99 private:
100 string message;
101 };
102
103 // edge weight undefined
104 class undefinedEdgeWeight
105 {
106 public:
107 undefinedEdgeWeight(string theMessage =
108 "No edge weights defined")
109 {message = theMessage;}
110 void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
111 private:
112 string message;
113 };
114
115 // method undefined
116 class undefinedMethod
117 {
118 public:
119 undefinedMethod(string theMessage =
120 "This method is undefined")
121 {message = theMessage;}
122 void outputMessage() {cout << message << endl;}
123 private:
124 string message;
125 };
126 #endif
1 //贪婪算法-货物装载问题
2 //container.cpp
3
4 #include "container.h"
5 #include "heapSort.h"
6 #include <iostream>
7 using namespace std;
8 void containerLoading(container* c, int capacity, int numberOfContainers, int *x)
9 {
10 //令 x[i]=1,当i被装载 i(i>=1)
11 //按重量递增排列
12 heapSort(c, numberOfContainers);
13 int n = numberOfContainers;
14 //初始化x
15 for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
16 x[i] = 0;
17 //按重量顺序选择货物
18 for (int i = 1; i <= n&&c[i].weight <= capacity; i++)
19 {
20 //对c[i].id有足够的容量
21 x[c[i].id] = 1;
22 cout << " 装载货物编号为：" << c[i].id;
23 capacity -= c[i].weight; //剩余容量
24 cout << " 剩余容量:" << capacity << endl;
25 }
26 }
27 int main()
28 {
29 container MyContainer[9] = { {},{ 1, 100 }, { 2, 200 }, { 3, 50 }, { 4, 90 }, { 5, 150 }, { 6, 50 }, { 7, 20 }, { 8, 80 } };
30 int Array[8] = { 0 };
31 containerLoading(MyContainer, 400, 8, Array);
32
33 /*
34 装载货物编号为：7 剩余容量:380
35 装载货物编号为：3 剩余容量:330
36 装载货物编号为：6 剩余容量:280
37 装载货物编号为：8 剩余容量:200
38 装载货物编号为：4 剩余容量:110
39 装载货物编号为：1 剩余容量:10
40 */
41 system("pause");
42 return 0;
43 }