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1、启动oracle的步骤
Linux下启动oracle分为以下两步：
- 1.1、启动lsnrctl监听。
- 1.2、启动数据库实例。
2、启动oracle监听
首先登陆服务器，切换到oracle用户。
[admin@dataserver ~]$ su - oracle
密码：
[oracle@dataserver ~]$- 1
- 2
- 3
接下来，检查oracle监听器运行状态，通过lsnrctl status命令查看。
[oracle@dataserver ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-4月 -2016 14:39:39
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00511: No listener
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=30.85.227.24)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12543: TNS:destination host unreachable
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00513: Destination host unreachable
Linux Error: 113: No route to host
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=30.85.227.23)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00511: No listener
Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
[oracle@dataserver ~]$ exit
上述反馈的结果即为oracle监听没有启动，下面执行启动监听，通过命令lsnrctl start，结果如下：
[oracle@dataserver ~]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-4月 -2016 14:51:06
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dataserver/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=30.85.227.24)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00515: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
Linux Error: 99: Cannot assign requested address
Listener failed to start. See the error message(s) above...
[oracle@dataserver ~]$ 
上述反馈为监听启动失败，是因为其监听的IP30.85.227.24，并非服务器的IP，所以需要调整这个IP为服务器当前的IP。
在oracle用户下，进入目录/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin，修改listener.ora文件。注意这个目录因具体服务器而异。
listener.ora文件打开，内容如下，调整其中的HOST IP即可。
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 30.85.227.28)(PORT = 1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 30.85.227.23)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
调整完监听IP后，重启监听器，执行lsnrctl start，
[oracle@dataserver admin]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-4月 -2016 15:09:15
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dataserver/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=30.85.227.28)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=30.85.227.23)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 15-4月 -2016 15:09:15
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 5 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dataserver/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=30.85.227.28)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=30.85.227.23)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@dataserver admin]$
至此，oracle监听器启动成功！
3、启动oracle实例
以system用户身份登陆oracle
[oracle@dataserver admin]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 4月 15 15:23:04 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn as sysdba
Enter user-name: system
Enter password:
Connected to an idle instance.
然后启动实例，通过startup命令：
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 4.0620E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2216024 bytes
Variable Size 2.3354E+10 bytes
Database Buffers 1.7180E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 84054016 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
4、关闭oracle实例
通过shutdown命令关闭oracle实例。
SQL> shutdown
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>