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Centos 7下Nagios的安装及配置

简介

Nagios 是一款自动化运维工具，可以协助运维人员监控服务器的运行状况，并且拥有报警功能。本文章将介绍其安装方法和详细的配置方法。

nagios 监控服务应用指南
本地资源：负载，CPU，磁盘，内存。IO，RAID，温度，passwd文件变化，本地所有文件指纹识别
网络服务：端口，URL，丢包，进程，网络流量
其他设备：交换机，打印机，windows等。
业务数据：用户登录失败次数，用户登录网站次数，输入验证码失败的次数，某个API接口流量并发，电商网站订单，支付交易的数量

nagios成员：主程序nagios，插件nagios-plugins，和一些可选的客户端nrpe，NSClient++,NSCA和NDOUtils

NRPE--半被动模式
存放位置：安装在客户端
NRPE作用：在客户端执行相关的脚本插件来获取数据，实现对客户端主机资源的监控。
存在形式：守护进程(agent)模式，开启的端口5666

NSClient++：半被动模式，相当于linux系统的nrpe

NDOUtils（不推荐用）
存在位置：服务端
作用：用于将nagios的配置信息和各event产生的数据存入数据库中，以实现对这些数据的检索和处理。

NSCA：纯被动模式--->用在分布式监控环境中
位置：NSCA需要同时安装在nagios的服务器端和客户端

软件版本

nagios版本：4.3.1
nagios-plugins版本：2.2.1
nrpe版本：3.1.0

实现环境

nagios运行在LAMP环境下（如果还没有安装LAMP环境，可以参考下我的安装LNMP文章，因为我已经编译安装了php和Mysql，本文直接采取yum 方式安装apache，当然也可以采取编译方式安装apache。看个人喜好和公司需求）

Centos版本：CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core) 64位
Apache版本：Apache/2.4.6
Nginx版本: nginx 1.12.0
Mysql版本：mysql 5.7.18
PHP版本：php 7.1.4

下载nagios软件及插件包

下载慢的话可以去我的网盘下载

[root@nagios ~]# cd /software/
[root@nagios software]# wget https://assets.nagios.com/downloads/nagioscore/releases/nagios-4.3.1.tar.gz
[root@nagios software]# wget https://nagios-plugins.org/download/nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz
[root@nagios software]# wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/nagios/files/nrpe-3.x/nrpe-3.1.0.tar.gz
[root@nagios software]# ll
-rw-r--r--   1 root  root  11095797 4月  21 15:57 nagios-4.3.1.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--   1 root  root   2728818 4月  20 00:04 nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--   1 root  root    501028 4月  17 22:36 nrpe-3.1.0.tar.gz

安装nagios-server服务端

安装依赖包

[root@nagios software]# yum -y install httpd httpd-devel gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel perl-devel perl-CPAN fcgi perl-FCGI perl-FCGI-ProcManager

解压nagios源码包

[root@nagios software]# tar zxvf nagios-4.3.1.tar.gz

进入解压后的目录

[root@nagios software]# cd nagios-4.3.1/

创建ngaios用户和组（把nginx启动用户www加入到nagios相关组）

[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# useradd nagios -s /sbin/nologin 
[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# id www
[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# groupadd nagcmd
[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# usermod -a -G nagcmd nagios 
[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# usermod -a -G nagcmd www
[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# id -n -G nagios
[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# id -n -G www

配置nagios

[root@client1 nagios-4.3.1]# ./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd

编译和安装

[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# make all
[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# make install-init
[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# make install-commandmode
[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# make install-config
[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# make install    
[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# cp -R contrib/eventhandlers/ /usr/local/nagios/libexec/
[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# chown -R nagios:nagios /usr/local/nagios/libexec/eventhandlers
[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg

生成apache配置文件

[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# make install-webconf
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 sample-config/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/nagios.conf
if [ 0 -eq 1 ]; then 
    ln -s /etc/httpd/conf.d/nagios.conf /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/nagios.conf; 
fi


*** Nagios/Apache conf file installed ***

生成nagios web界面的验证信息

[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagios
New password:   ==> 输入密码，这里我输入的密码是nagios，记住这个密码
Re-type new password:  ==> 确认密码
Adding password for user nagios

修改apache配置文件
vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Listen 80    ===>    修改为    Listen 8080
User apache    ===>    修改为    User www
Group apache    ===>    修改为    Group www
DirectoryIndex index.html    ===>    修改为    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz    ===>    下面添加一行内容  AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .php
# LoadModule foo_module modules/mod_foo.so    ===>    下面添加一行内容   
 LoadModule php7_module        modules/libphp7.so

apache配置文件参考

[root@nagios httpd]# grep -v '^$' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf|grep -v '#'
ServerRoot "/etc/httpd"
Listen 8080
LoadModule php7_module        modules/libphp7.so
Include conf.modules.d/*.conf
User www
Group www
ServerAdmin root@localhost
<Directory />
    AllowOverride none
    Require all denied
</Directory>
DocumentRoot "/var/www/html"
<Directory "/var/www">
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>
<Directory "/var/www/html">
    Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
    AllowOverride None
    Require all granted
</Directory>
<IfModule dir_module>
    DirectoryIndex index.php index.html
</IfModule>
<Files ".ht*">
    Require all denied
</Files>
ErrorLog "logs/error_log"
LogLevel warn
<IfModule log_config_module>
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b "%{Referer}i" "%{User-Agent}i"" combined
    LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b" common
    <IfModule logio_module>
      LogFormat "%h %l %u %t "%r" %>s %b "%{Referer}i" "%{User-Agent}i" %I %O" combinedio
    </IfModule>
    CustomLog "logs/access_log" combined
</IfModule>
<IfModule alias_module>
    ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ "/var/www/cgi-bin/"
</IfModule>
<Directory "/var/www/cgi-bin">
    AllowOverride None
    Options None
    Require all granted
</Directory>
<IfModule mime_module>
    TypesConfig /etc/mime.types
    AddType application/x-compress .Z
    AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz
    AddHandler application/x-httpd-php .php
    AddType text/html .shtml
    AddOutputFilter INCLUDES .shtml
</IfModule>
AddDefaultCharset UTF-8
<IfModule mime_magic_module>
    MIMEMagicFile conf/magic
</IfModule>
EnableSendfile on
IncludeOptional conf.d/*.conf

重新编译一下php，使其直接apache（也就是编译参数加上--with-apxs2）

[root@nagios nagios-4.3.1]# cd /software/php-7.1.4/
[root@nagios php-7.1.4]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=nginx --with-fpm-group=nginx --with-mysqli --with-zlib --with-curl --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-openssl --enable-mbstring --enable-xml --enable-session --enable-ftp --enable-pdo -enable-tokenizer --enable-zip --with-apxs2
[root@nagios php-7.1.4]# make && make install
[root@nagios php-7.1.4]# cd /etc/httpd/
[root@nagios httpd]# ll /etc/httpd/modules/libphp7.so 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 38908880 4月  24 10:34 /etc/httpd/modules/libphp7.so    ===>    可以看到这个模块已经生成

启动apache

[root@nagios httpd]# systemctl start httpd
[root@nagios httpd]# systemctl enable httpd

启动nagios

chkconfig nagios on
/etc/init.d/nagios start

在浏览器输入ip:8080/nagios测试nagios-web页面是否可以打开

安装nagios-plugins插件
解压nagios-plugins源码包

[root@nagios httpd]# cd /software/
[root@nagios software]# tar zxvf nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz

进入解压后的目录进行配置

[root@nagios software]# cd nagios-plugins-2.2.1/
[root@nagios nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagcmd --enable-perl-modules

编译及安装

[root@nagios nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# make && make install

安装nrpe
解压nrpe源码包

[root@nagios nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# cd /software/
[root@nagios software]# tar zxvf nrpe-3.1.0.tar.gz

进去解压后的目录进行配置

[root@nagios software]# cd nrpe-3.1.0/
[root@nagios nrpe-3.1.0]# ./configure

编译及安装

[root@nagios nrpe-3.1.0]# make all
[root@nagios nrpe-3.1.0]# make install-plugin
[root@nagios nrpe-3.1.0]# make install-daemon
[root@nagios nrpe-3.1.0]# make install-daemon-config
[root@nagios nrpe-3.1.0]# cp sample-config/nrpe.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg

安装完成后，查看下libexec下面是否有插件

[root@nagios nrpe-3.1.0]# ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/
check_apt       check_flexlm        check_log          check_ntp_peer  check_smtp    disable_active_service_checks
check_breeze    check_fping         check_mailq        check_ntp_time  check_spop    disable_notifications
check_by_ssh    check_ftp           check_mrtg         check_nwstat    check_ssh     distributed-monitoring
check_clamd     check_http          check_mrtgtraf     check_oracle    check_ssmtp   enable_active_service_checks
check_cluster   check_icmp          check_mysql        check_overcr    check_swap    enable_notifications
check_dhcp      check_ide_smart     check_mysql_query  check_ping      check_tcp     eventhandlers
check_dig       check_ifoperstatus  check_nagios       check_pop       check_time    negate
check_disk      check_ifstatus      check_nntp         check_procs     check_udp     redundancy-scenario1
check_disk_smb  check_imap          check_nntps        check_real      check_ups     submit_check_result
check_dns       check_ircd          check_nrpe         check_rpc       check_uptime  urlize
check_dummy     check_jabber        check_nt           check_sensors   check_users   utils.pm
check_file_age  check_load          check_ntp          check_simap     check_wave    utils.sh
启动nrpe，并测试服务端本地是否可以连通

[root@nagios nrpe-3.1.0]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -d -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg 
[root@nagios nrpe-3.1.0]# echo "/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -d -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg" >> /etc/rc.local
[root@nagios nrpe-3.1.0]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local           # centos 7下需要这一步， 不然/etc/rc.local中的内容开机可能不执行
[root@nagios nrpe-3.1.0]# netstat -lnput|grep 5666
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5666            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      67176/nrpe          
tcp6       0      0 :::5666                 :::*                    LISTEN      67176/nrpe    
[root@nagios nrpe-3.1.0]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost 
NRPE v3.1.0-rc1
<br />

nagios客户端的安装

下载nagios-plugin和nrpe插件

[root@client1 ~]# mkdir /software/
[root@client1 ~]# cd /software/
[root@client1 software]# wget https://nagios-plugins.org/download/nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz
[root@client1 software]# wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/nagios/files/nrpe-3.x/nrpe-3.1.0.tar.gz

安装nagios-plugin
安装依赖包

[root@client1 software]# yum install perl-devel perl-CPAN -y

创建用户

[root@client1 software]# useradd nagios -M -s /sbin/nologin

解压nagios-plugin源码包

[root@client1 software]# tar zxvf nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz

进入解压后的目录进行配置

[root@client1 software]# cd nagios-plugins-2.2.1/
[root@client1 nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios --enable-perl-modules

编译及安装

[root@client1 nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# make && make install

安装nrpe插件
解压nrpe源码包

[root@client1 nagios-plugins-2.2.1]# cd ..
[root@client1 software]# tar zxvf nrpe-3.1.0.tar.gz

进入解压后的目录进行配置

[root@client1 software]# cd nrpe-3.1.0/
[root@client1 nrpe-3.1.0]# ./configure

编译及安装

[root@client1 nrpe-3.1.0]# make all
[root@client1 nrpe-3.1.0]# make install-plugin
[root@client1 nrpe-3.1.0]# make install-daemon
[root@client1 nrpe-3.1.0]# make install-daemon-config
[root@client1 nrpe-3.1.0]# mkdir /usr/local/nagios/etc/
[root@client1 nrpe-3.1.0]# cp sample-config/nrpe.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg

安装完成后，查看下libexec下面是否有插件

[root@client1 nrpe-3.1.0]# ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/
check_apt       check_dummy         check_imap         check_nagios    check_overcr   check_ssh     negate
check_breeze    check_file_age      check_ircd         check_nntp      check_ping     check_ssmtp   urlize
check_by_ssh    check_flexlm        check_jabber       check_nntps     check_pop      check_swap    utils.pm
check_clamd     check_fping         check_load         check_nrpe      check_procs    check_tcp     utils.sh
check_cluster   check_ftp           check_log          check_nt        check_real     check_time
check_dhcp      check_http          check_mailq        check_ntp       check_rpc      check_udp
check_dig       check_icmp          check_mrtg         check_ntp_peer  check_sensors  check_ups
check_disk      check_ide_smart     check_mrtgtraf     check_ntp_time  check_simap    check_uptime
check_disk_smb  check_ifoperstatus  check_mysql        check_nwstat    check_smtp     check_users
check_dns       check_ifstatus      check_mysql_query  check_oracle    check_spop     check_wave

启动nrpe，并测试服务端本地是否可以连通

[root@client1 nrpe-3.1.0]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -d -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg 
[root@client1 nrpe-3.1.0]# echo "/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -d -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg" >> /etc/rc.local
[root@client1 nrpe-3.1.0]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local           # centos 7下需要这一步， 不然/etc/rc.local中的内容开机可能不执行
[root@client1 nrpe-3.1.0]# netstat -lnput|grep 5666
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5666            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      28296/nrpe          
tcp6       0      0 :::5666                 :::*                    LISTEN      28296/nrpe 
[root@client1 nrpe-3.1.0]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost
NRPE v3.1.0-rc1

修改配置文件

[root@client1 nrpe-3.1.0]# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/

vi nrpe.cfg

允许服务端IP和本机访问，172.16.0.18是nagios服务端IP地址

allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,::1    ===>    修改为    allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,::1,172.16.0.18

注释下面几行内容

command[check_users]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_users -w 5 -c 10
command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load -r -w .15,.10,.05 -c .30,.25,.20
command[check_hda1]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /dev/hda1
command[check_zombie_procs]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 5 -c 10 -s Z
command[check_total_procs]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_procs -w 150 -c 200

在nrpe.cfg文件末尾增加下面几行内容

# my custom monitor items
command[check_users]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_users -w 5 -c 10
command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load -r -w .15,.10,.05 -c .30,.25,.20
command[check_disk]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /
command[check_mem]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_mem.pl -w 90% -c 95%
command[check_swap]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_swap -w 20% -c 10%

创建一个监控内存的perl脚本

[root@client1 etc]# vi /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_mem.pl

添加下面内容

#! /usr/bin/perl -w
#
# $Id: check_mem.pl 8 2008-08-23 08:59:52Z rhomann $
#
# check_mem v1.7 plugin for nagios
#
# uses the output of `free` to find the percentage of memory used
#
# Copyright Notice: GPL
#
# History:
# v1.8 Rouven Homann - rouven.homann@cimt.de
# + added findbin patch from Duane Toler
# + added backward compatibility patch from Timour Ezeev
#
# v1.7 Ingo Lantschner - ingo AT boxbe DOT com
# + adapted for systems with no swap (avoiding divison through 0)
#
# v1.6 Cedric Temple - cedric DOT temple AT cedrictemple DOT info
# + add swap monitoring
#       + if warning and critical threshold are 0, exit with OK
#       + add a directive to exclude/include buffers
#
# v1.5 Rouven Homann - rouven.homann@cimt.de
# + perfomance tweak with free -mt (just one sub process started instead of 7)
# + more code cleanup
#
# v1.4 Garrett Honeycutt - gh@3gupload.com
# + Fixed PerfData output to adhere to standards and show crit/warn values
#
# v1.3 Rouven Homann - rouven.homann@cimt.de
#   + Memory installed, used and free displayed in verbose mode
# + Bit Code Cleanup
#
# v1.2 Rouven Homann - rouven.homann@cimt.de
# + Bug fixed where verbose output was required (nrpe2)
#       + Bug fixed where perfomance data was not displayed at verbose output
# + FindBin Module used for the nagios plugin path of the utils.pm
#
# v1.1 Rouven Homann - rouven.homann@cimt.de
#     + Status Support (-c, -w)
# + Syntax Help Informations (-h)
#       + Version Informations Output (-V)
# + Verbose Output (-v)
#       + Better Error Code Output (as described in plugin guideline)
#
# v1.0 Garrett Honeycutt - gh@3gupload.com
#   + Initial Release
#
use strict;
use FindBin;
FindBin::again();
use lib $FindBin::Bin;
use utils qw($TIMEOUT %ERRORS &print_revision &support);
use vars qw($PROGNAME $PROGVER);
use Getopt::Long;
use vars qw($opt_V $opt_h $verbose $opt_w $opt_c);

$PROGNAME = "check_mem";
$PROGVER = "1.8";

# add a directive to exclude buffers:
my $DONT_INCLUDE_BUFFERS = 0;

sub print_help ();
sub print_usage ();

Getopt::Long::Configure('bundling');
GetOptions ("V"   => $opt_V, "version"    => $opt_V,
  "h"   => $opt_h, "help"       => $opt_h,
        "v" => $verbose, "verbose"  => $verbose,
  "w=s" => $opt_w, "warning=s"  => $opt_w,
  "c=s" => $opt_c, "critical=s" => $opt_c);

if ($opt_V) {
  print_revision($PROGNAME,'$Revision: '.$PROGVER.' $');
  exit $ERRORS{'UNKNOWN'};
}

if ($opt_h) {
  print_help();
  exit $ERRORS{'UNKNOWN'};
}

print_usage() unless (($opt_c) && ($opt_w));

my ($mem_critical, $swap_critical);
my ($mem_warning, $swap_warning);
($mem_critical, $swap_critical) = ($1,$2) if ($opt_c =~ /([0-9]+)[%]?(?:,([0-9]+)[%]?)?/);
($mem_warning, $swap_warning)   = ($1,$2) if ($opt_w =~ /([0-9]+)[%]?(?:,([0-9]+)[%]?)?/);

# Check if swap params were supplied
$swap_critical ||= 100;
$swap_warning  ||= 100;

# print threshold in output message
my $mem_threshold_output = " (";
my $swap_threshold_output = " (";

if ( $mem_warning > 0 && $mem_critical > 0) {
  $mem_threshold_output .= "W> $mem_warning, C> $mem_critical";
}
elsif ( $mem_warning > 0 ) {
  $mem_threshold_output .= "W> $mem_warning";
}
elsif ( $mem_critical > 0 ) {
  $mem_threshold_output .= "C> $mem_critical";
}

if ( $swap_warning > 0 && $swap_critical > 0) {
  $swap_threshold_output .= "W> $swap_warning, C> $swap_critical";
}
elsif ( $swap_warning > 0 ) {
  $swap_threshold_output .= "W> $swap_warning";
}
elsif ( $swap_critical > 0 )  {
  $swap_threshold_output .= "C> $swap_critical";
}

$mem_threshold_output .= ")";
$swap_threshold_output .= ")";

my $verbose = $verbose;

my ($mem_percent, $mem_total, $mem_used, $swap_percent, $swap_total, $swap_used) = &sys_stats();
my $free_mem = $mem_total - $mem_used;
my $free_swap = $swap_total - $swap_used;

# set output message
my $output = "Memory Usage".$mem_threshold_output.": ". $mem_percent.'% <br>';
$output .= "Swap Usage".$swap_threshold_output.": ". $swap_percent.'%';

# set verbose output message
my $verbose_output = "Memory Usage:".$mem_threshold_output.": ". $mem_percent.'% '."- Total: $mem_total MB, used: $mem_used MB, free: $free_mem MB<br>";
$verbose_output .= "Swap Usage:".$swap_threshold_output.": ". $swap_percent.'% '."- Total: $swap_total MB, used: $swap_used MB, free: $free_swap MB<br>";

# set perfdata message
my $perfdata_output = "MemUsed=$mem_percent\%;$mem_warning;$mem_critical";
$perfdata_output .= " SwapUsed=$swap_percent\%;$swap_warning;$swap_critical";


# if threshold are 0, exit with OK
if ( $mem_warning == 0 ) { $mem_warning = 101 };
if ( $swap_warning == 0 ) { $swap_warning = 101 };
if ( $mem_critical == 0 ) { $mem_critical = 101 };
if ( $swap_critical == 0 ) { $swap_critical = 101 };


if ($mem_percent>$mem_critical || $swap_percent>$swap_critical) {
    if ($verbose) { print "<b>CRITICAL: ".$verbose_output."</b>|".$perfdata_output."
";}
    else { print "<b>CRITICAL: ".$output."</b>|".$perfdata_output."
";}
    exit $ERRORS{'CRITICAL'};
} elsif ($mem_percent>$mem_warning || $swap_percent>$swap_warning) {
    if ($verbose) { print "<b>WARNING: ".$verbose_output."</b>|".$perfdata_output."
";}
    else { print "<b>WARNING: ".$output."</b>|".$perfdata_output."
";}
    exit $ERRORS{'WARNING'};
} else {
    if ($verbose) { print "OK: ".$verbose_output."|".$perfdata_output."
";}
    else { print "OK: ".$output."|".$perfdata_output."
";}
    exit $ERRORS{'OK'};
}

sub sys_stats {
    my @memory = split(" ", `free -mt`);
    my $mem_total = $memory[7];
    my $mem_used;
    if ( $DONT_INCLUDE_BUFFERS) { $mem_used = $memory[15]; }
    else { $mem_used = $memory[8];}
    my $swap_total = $memory[18];
    my $swap_used = $memory[19];
    my $mem_percent = ($mem_used / $mem_total) * 100;
    my $swap_percent;
    if ($swap_total == 0) {
  $swap_percent = 0;
    } else {
  $swap_percent = ($swap_used / $swap_total) * 100;
    }
    return (sprintf("%.0f",$mem_percent),$mem_total,$mem_used, sprintf("%.0f",$swap_percent),$swap_total,$swap_used);
}

sub print_usage () {
    print "Usage: $PROGNAME -w <warn> -c <crit> [-v] [-h]
";
    exit $ERRORS{'UNKNOWN'} unless ($opt_h);
}

sub print_help () {
    print_revision($PROGNAME,'$Revision: '.$PROGVER.' $');
    print "Copyright (c) 2005 Garrett Honeycutt/Rouven Homann/Cedric Temple
";
    print "
";
    print_usage();
    print "
";
    print "-w <MemoryWarn>,<SwapWarn> = Memory and Swap usage to activate a warning message (eg: -w 90,25 ) .
";
    print "-c <MemoryCrit>,<SwapCrit> = Memory and Swap usage to activate a critical message (eg: -c 95,50 ).
";
    print "-v = Verbose Output.
";
    print "-h = This screen.

";
    support();
}

给脚本增加执行权限

[root@client1 etc]# chmod 755 /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_mem.pl

重启nrpe服务

# 方法一
[root@client1 etc]# killall nrpe               
[root@client1 etc]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -d -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg
# 方法二
[root@client1 etc]# kill -HUP `ps -ef|grep nrpe|awk 'NR==1{print $2}'`

在本机执行两个命令看下效果

[root@client1 etc]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_mem
<b>CRITICAL: Memory Usage (W> 10, C> 3): 29% <br>Swap Usage (W> 100, C> 100): 12%</b>|MemUsed=29%;10;3 SwapUsed=12%;100;100
[root@client1 etc]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_disk
DISK OK - free space: / 4201 MB (24.15% inode=97%);| /=13192MB;13915;15654;0;17394

服务端配置
nrpe连接客户端机器测试是否可以连通，然后执行一个监控命令（如果不通的话可能是因为selinux和防火墙没关闭而造成的）

[root@nagios nrpe-3.1.0]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 172.16.0.20
NRPE v3.1.0-rc1
[root@nagios nrpe-3.1.0]# /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 172.16.0.20 -c check_disk
DISK OK - free space: / 4201 MB (24.15% inode=97%);| /=13192MB;13915;15654;0;17394

因为nagios默认把全部的权限给nagiosadmin，所以可以通过修改cgi.cfg文件赋予nagios权限，切换到/usr/local/nagios/etc目录下

[root@nagios nrpe-3.1.0]# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc
[root@nagios etc]# ll
总用量 144
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios 12999 4月  21 17:00 cgi.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root      45 4月  24 09:28 htpasswd.users
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios 44831 4月  21 17:00 nagios.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root   root   10765 4月  24 12:32 nrpe.cfg
drwxrwxr-x 2 nagios nagios   336 4月  21 17:00 objects
-rw-rw---- 1 nagios nagios  1312 4月  21 17:00 resource.cfg
[root@nagios etc]# grep nagiosadmin cgi.cfg
authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin
authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin
authorized_for_system_commands=nagiosadmin
authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin
authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin
authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin
authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin
[root@nagios etc]# sed -i 's/nagiosadmin/nagiosadmin,nagios/g' cgi.cfg
[root@nagios etc]# grep nagiosadmin cgi.cfg
authorized_for_system_information=nagiosadmin,nagios
authorized_for_configuration_information=nagiosadmin,nagios
authorized_for_system_commands=nagiosadmin,nagios
authorized_for_all_services=nagiosadmin,nagios
authorized_for_all_hosts=nagiosadmin,nagios
authorized_for_all_service_commands=nagiosadmin,nagios
authorized_for_all_host_commands=nagiosadmin,nagios

修改nagios.cfg（自定义一些配置）

[root@nagios etc]# vi nagios.cfg +34
#注释掉下面这行
#cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/localhost.cfg
#添加下面两行内容
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg

创建hosts.cfg和services.cfg这两个文件

[root@nagios etc]# cd objects/
[root@nagios objects]# pwd
/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects
[root@nagios objects]# touch services.cfg
[root@nagios objects]# head -51 localhost.cfg  > hosts.cfg
[root@nagios objects]# chown -R nagios.nagios *

修改nagios检查语法脚本

[root@nagios objects]# vim /etc/init.d/nagios +181
#check_config
$NagiosBin -v $NagiosCfgFile;

vi commands.cfg 进入后按shift+g切到结尾加入下面内容。

# 'check_nrpe' command definition
define command{
        command_name    check_nrpe
        command_line    $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$
        }

# 'check_ping' command definition
define command{
        command_name    check-ping
        command_line    $USER1$/check_ping -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -w 100.0,20% -c 200.0,50% -p 3 -t 2
        }

# 'check_http' command definition
define command{
        command_name    check-weburl
        command_line    $USER1$/check_http -H $HOSTADDRESS$ $ARG1$ -w 5 -c 10
        }

# 'check_tcp' command definition
define command{
        command_name    check-tcp
        command_line    $USER1$/check_tcp -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -p $ARG1$ -w 0.02 -c 0.1
        }
查看有哪些cfg文件

[root@nagios objects]# pwd
/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects
[root@nagios objects]# ll
总用量 100
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  7860 4月  24 16:53 commands.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  2138 4月  21 17:00 contacts.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 nagios nagios  1843 4月  24 16:46 hosts.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  5379 4月  21 17:00 localhost.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  3070 4月  21 17:00 printer.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 nagios nagios     0 4月  24 16:46 services.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  3252 4月  21 17:00 switch.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios 10595 4月  21 17:00 templates.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  3180 4月  21 17:00 timeperiods.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  3991 4月  21 17:00 windows.cfg

常用对象介绍

联系人
contact
出了问题像谁报告?一般当然是系统管理员了

监控时间段
timeperiod
7X24小时不间断还是周一至周五,或是自定义的其他时间段

被监控主机
host
所需要监控的服务器,当然可以是监控机自己

监控命令
command
nagios发出的哪个指令来执行某个监控,这也是自己定义的

被监控的服务
service
例如主机是否存活,80端口是否开,磁盘使用情况或者自定义的服务等

contacts.cfg文件介绍

service_notification_period 24x7
服务出了状况通知的时间段,这个时间段就是上面在timeperiods.cfg中定义的.

host_notification_period 24x7
主机出了状况通知的时间段, 这个时间段就是上面在timeperiods.cfg中定义的

service_notification_options w,u,c,r
当服务出现w—报警(warning),u—未知(unkown),c—严重(critical),或者r—从异常情况恢复正常,在这四种情况下通知联系人.

host_notification_options d,u,r
当主机出现d—当机(down),u—返回不可达(unreachable),r—从异常情况恢复正常,在这3种情况下通知联系人

service_notification_commands notify- service -by-email
服务出问题通知采用的命令notify-by-email,这个命令是在commands.cfg中定义的,作用是给联系人发邮件.至于commands.cfg之后将专门介绍

host_notification_commands host-notify-by-email notify- host--by-email
同上,主机出问题时采用的也是发邮件的方式通知联系人

email 123456@qq.com
很明显,联系的人email地址

pager 1338757xxxx

联系人的手机,如果支持短信的通知的话,这个就很有用了.

alias是联系人别名,address是地址 .

contactgroups.cfg文件介绍

define contactgroup{
contactgroup_name 组名 //联系人组的名称
alias 别名 //别名
members 用户名 //组的成员,来自于上面定义的contacts.cfg,如果有多个联系人则以逗号相隔
}

主机模板介绍（hosts.cfg）
> ```# host 
define host{
       host_name                       主机名  //被监控主机的名称,最好别带空格nagios-server
       alias                           别名
       address                         IP  //被监控主机的IP地址
       check_command                   check-host-alive  //监控的命令check-host-alive,这个命令来自commands.cfg,用来监控主机是否存活
       max_check_attempts              5  //检查失败后重试的次数
       check_period                    24x7  //检查的时间段24x7,同样来自于我们之前在    timeperiods.cfg中定义的
       contact_groups                  组名  //联系人组,上面在contactgroups.cfg中定义的组名
       notification_interval           10  //提醒的间隔,每隔10秒提醒一次
       notification_period             24x7  //提醒的周期, 24x7,同样来自于我们之前在timeperiods.cfg中定义的
       notification_options            d,u,r  //指定什么情况下提醒,具体含义见之前contacts.cfg部分的介绍
       }

主机组模板介绍（hosts.cfg）

define hostgroup{
hostgroup_name 主机组名
alias 别名
members 主机名 //组的成员主机,多个主机以逗号相隔,必须是上面hosts.cfg中定义的
}

`服务模板介绍（services.cfg）`

> ```# service definition
define service{
       host_name               主机名  //被监控的主机,hosts.cfg中定义的
       service_description     check-host-alive  //这个监控项目的描述(也可以说是这个项目的名称),可以空格,我们这里定义的是监控这个主机是不是存活
       check_command           check-host-alive  //所用的命令,是commands.cfg中定义的
       max_check_attempts      5
       normal_check_interval   3
       retry_check_interval    2
       check_period            24x7  //监控的时间段,是timeperiods.cfg中定义的
       notification_interval   10
       notification_period     24x7  //通知的时间段, ,是timeperiods.cfg中定义的
       notification_options    w,u,c,r  //在监控的结果是wucr时通知联系人,具体含义看前文.
       contact_groups          组名  //联系人组,是contactgroups.cfg中定义的
       }

主机模板配置

[root@nagios objects]# vi hosts.cfg +21
删除下面11行内容
添加下面内容


# Define some hosts

###########172.16.0.18##################

define host {
        use                      linux-server
        host_name                nagios
        alias                    nagios
        address                  172.16.0.18
        check_command            check-host-alive
        max_check_attempts        3
        normal_check_interval     2
        retry_check_interval      2
        check_period              24x7
        notification_interval     300
        notification_period       24x7
        notification_options      d,u,r
        contact_groups            admins
        process_perf_data         1
}



###########172.16.0.18##################

define host {
        use                      linux-server
        host_name                client1
        alias                    client1
        address                  172.16.0.20
        check_command            check-host-alive
        max_check_attempts        3
        normal_check_interval     2
        retry_check_interval      2
        check_period              24x7
        notification_interval     300
        notification_period       24x7
        notification_options      d,u,r
        contact_groups            admins
        process_perf_data         1
}



把监控的主机添加到主机组里面

[root@nagios objects]# vi hosts.cfg +76
define hostgroup{
        hostgroup_name  linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroup
        alias           Linux Servers ; Long name of the group
        members         nagios,client1     ; Comma separated list of hosts that belong to this group
        }

服务模板配置

[root@nagios objects]# pwd
/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects
[root@nagios objects]# vi services.cfg 
添加下面内容

###########172.16.0.18##################

define service{
        use                     generic-service
        host_name               nagios
        service_description     Load
        check_command           check_nrpe!check_load       #这里的check_nrpe不是服务端/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe,而是command.cfg里定义的命令
        }

define service{
        use                     generic-service
        host_name               nagios
        service_description     Disk
        check_command           check_nrpe!check_disk
        }

define service{
        use                     generic-service
        host_name               nagios
        service_description     memory
        check_command           check_nrpe!check_mem
        }
define service{
        use                     generic-service
        host_name               nagios
        service_description     Ping
        check_command           check-ping!172.16.0.18
}

define service{
        use                     generic-service
        host_name               nagios
        service_description     port_3306
        check_command           check-tcp!3306
}

###########172.16.0.20##################

define service{
        use                     generic-service
        host_name               client1
        service_description     Load
        check_command           check_nrpe!check_load
        }

define service{
        use                     generic-service
        host_name               client1
        service_description     Disk
        check_command           check_nrpe!check_disk
        }

define service{
        use                     generic-service
        host_name               client1
        service_description     memory
        check_command           check_nrpe!check_mem
        }
define service{
    use             generic-service
        host_name               client1
        service_description     Ping
        check_command           check-ping!172.16.0.20
}
define service{
        use                     generic-service
        host_name               client1
        service_description     port_3306
        check_command           check-tcp!3306

重启nagios服务

[root@nagios objects]# /etc/init.d/nagios restart

打开浏览器访问

点击hosts

点击services

ok，我们的配置告一段落了。

出图部分

下载pnp4nagios源码包

[root@nagios objects]# cd /software/
[root@nagios software]# wget https://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pnp4nagios/PNP-0.6/pnp4nagios-0.6.25.tar.gz

安装依赖包

[root@nagios software]# yum install cairo pango perl-rrdtool rrdtool librrds-perl zlib zlib-devel freetype freetype-devel gd gd-devel -y

解压pnp4nagios源码包

[root@nagios software]# tar zxf pnp4nagios-0.6.25.tar.gz

进入解压后的目录配置png

[root@nagios pnp4nagios-0.6.25]# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios

编译及安装

[root@nagios pnp4nagios-0.6.25]# make all
[root@nagios pnp4nagios-0.6.25]# make install
[root@nagios pnp4nagios-0.6.25]# make install-webconf
[root@nagios pnp4nagios-0.6.25]# make install-config
[root@nagios pnp4nagios-0.6.25]# make install-init
[root@nagios pnp4nagios-0.6.25]# cd sample-config/
[root@nagios sample-config]# make install-webconf

配置pnp4nagios

[root@nagios sample-config]# cd /usr/local/pnp4nagios/etc/
[root@nagios etc]# mv misccommands.cfg-sample misccommands.cfg
[root@nagios etc]#  mv rra.cfg-sample rra.cfg
[root@nagios etc]# mv nagios.cfg-sample nagios.cfg
[root@nagios etc]# cd pages/
[root@nagios pages]# mv web_traffic.cfg-sample web_traffic.cfg
[root@nagios pages]#  cd ../check_commands/
[root@nagios check_commands]# mv check_all_local_disks.cfg-sample check_all_local_disks.cfg
[root@nagios check_commands]#  mv check_nrpe.cfg-sample check_nrpe.cfg
[root@nagios check_commands]# mv check_nwstat.cfg-sample check_nwstat.cfg
[root@nagios check_commands]# systemctl enable npcd
[root@nagios check_commands]# systemctl start npcd

配置Nagios数据输出接口(以BULK模式运行)详情参考官网https://docs.pnp4nagios.org/pnp-0.6/config#bulk_mode：

[root@nagios check_commands]# vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
process_performance_data=1 #默认为0，修改为1

并在该文件中添加下面的内容

#

# service performance data

#

service_perfdata_file=/usr/local/pnp4nagios/var/service-perfdata

service_perfdata_file_template=DATATYPE::SERVICEPERFDATA	TIMET::$TIMET$	HOSTNAME::$HOSTNAME$	SERVICEDESC::$SERVICEDESC$	SERVICEPERFDATA::$SERVICEPERFDATA$	SERVICECHECKCOMMAND::$SERVICECHECKCOMMAND$	HOSTSTATE::$HOSTSTATE$	HOSTSTATETYPE::$HOSTSTATETYPE$	SERVICESTATE::$SERVICESTATE$	SERVICESTATETYPE::$SERVICESTATETYPE$

service_perfdata_file_mode=a

service_perfdata_file_processing_interval=15

service_perfdata_file_processing_command=process-service-perfdata-file

#

# host performance data starting with Nagios 

#

host_perfdata_file=/usr/local/pnp4nagios/var/host-perfdata

host_perfdata_file_template=DATATYPE::HOSTPERFDATA	TIMET::$TIMET$	HOSTNAME::$HOSTNAME$	HOSTPERFDATA::$HOSTPERFDATA$	HOSTCHECKCOMMAND::$HOSTCHECKCOMMAND$	HOSTSTATE::$HOSTSTATE$	HOSTSTATETYPE::$HOSTSTATETYPE$

host_perfdata_file_mode=a

host_perfdata_file_processing_interval=15

host_perfdata_file_processing_command=process-host-perfdata-file

配置command.cfg

[root@nagios check_commands]#  vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg
在该文件中添加下面的内容

define command{
      command_name    process-service-perfdata-file
      command_line    /usr/local/pnp4nagios/libexec/process_perfdata.pl --bulk=/usr/local/pnp4nagios/var/service-perfdata

}

define command{
      command_name    process-host-perfdata-file
      command_line    /usr/local/pnp4nagios/libexec/process_perfdata.pl --bulk=/usr/local/pnp4nagios/var/host-perfdata

}

在模板配置文件中添加图表图标模板：

[root@nagios check_commands]# vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg
在该文件中添加下面的内容

define host {
  name      host-pnp
  action_url /pnp4nagios/index.php/graph?host=$HOSTNAME$&srv=_HOST_
  register  0
}

define service {
  name      service-pnp
  action_url /pnp4nagios/index.php/graph?host=$HOSTNAME$&srv=$SERVICEDESC$
  register  0

}

在监控主机和服务中调用图表模板（在主机和服务后面添加新的模板）：

[root@nagios check_commands]# vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hosts.cfg 
主机内容修改如下
###########172.16.0.18##################

define host {
        use                      linux-server,host-pnp
        host_name                nagios
        alias                    nagios
        address                  172.16.0.18
        check_command            check-host-alive
        max_check_attempts        3
        normal_check_interval     2
        retry_check_interval      2
        check_period              24x7
        notification_interval     300
        notification_period       24x7
        notification_options      d,u,r
        contact_groups            admins
        process_perf_data         1
}


###########172.16.0.18##################

define host {
        use                      linux-server,host-pnp
        host_name                client1
        alias                    client1
        address                  172.16.0.20
        check_command            check-host-alive
        max_check_attempts        3
        normal_check_interval     2
        retry_check_interval      2
        check_period              24x7
        notification_interval     300
        notification_period       24x7
        notification_options      d,u,r
        contact_groups            admins
        process_perf_data         1
}

[root@nagios check_commands]# vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/services.cfg 
服务内容修改如下
###########172.16.0.18##################

define service{
        use                     generic-service,service-pnp
        host_name               nagios
        service_description     Load
        check_command           check_nrpe!check_load       #这里的check_nrpe不是服务端/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe,而是command.cfg里定义的命令
        }

define service{
        use                     generic-service,service-pnp
        host_name               nagios
        service_description     Disk
        check_command           check_nrpe!check_disk
        }

define service{
        use                     generic-service,service-pnp
        host_name               nagios
        service_description     memory
        check_command           check_nrpe!check_mem
        }
define service{
        use                     generic-service,service-pnp
        host_name               nagios
        service_description     Ping
        check_command           check-ping!172.16.0.18
}

define service{
        use                     generic-service,service-pnp
        host_name               nagios
        service_description     port_3306
        check_command           check-tcp!3306
}

###########172.16.0.20##################

define service{
        use                     generic-service,service-pnp
        host_name               client1
        service_description     Load
        check_command           check_nrpe!check_load
        }

define service{
        use                     generic-service,service-pnp
        host_name               client1
        service_description     Disk
        check_command           check_nrpe!check_disk
        }

define service{
        use                     generic-service,service-pnp
        host_name               client1
        service_description     memory
        check_command           check_nrpe!check_mem
        }
define service{
    use                     generic-service,service-pnp
        host_name               client1
        service_description     Ping
        check_command           check-ping!172.16.0.20
}
define service{
        use                     generic-service,service-pnp
        host_name               client1
        service_description     port_3306
        check_command           check-tcp!3306
}
图表展示
重启nagios和apache

[root@nagios check_commands]# /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig 
[root@nagios check_commands]# /etc/init.d/nagios restart
[root@nagios check_commands]# systemctl restart httpd

访问nagios界面即可看到图表小图标：

点击图标会显示pnp4nagios测试页面：

全是绿色代表配置正常，如果不是全绿，要逐个解决错误。然后移除或修改install.php文件：

[root@nagios ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/pnp4nagios/share/install.php

再次点击图标就会显示当前监控服务由pnp4nagios生成的图表了

邮件报警配置

查看sendmail邮件系统是否安装

[root@nagios ~]# rpm -qa|grep sendmail

如果没有安装，可以yum安装一下

[root@nagios ~]# yum -y install sendmail

启动sendmail

[root@nagios ~]# systemctl enable sendmail
[root@nagios ~]# systemctl start sendmail

测试发送邮件：

[root@nagios ~]# echo "test" | mail zhengxinlei@test.com.cn

发送外部邮件的时候，这种本地形式的发件人和发件地址容易被误认为垃圾邮件而拒收。
我们这里定义邮件发送smtp信息。
首先安装mailx12.5

wget http://fossies.org/linux/misc/old/mailx-12.5.tar.gz
tar zxf mailx-12.5.tar.gz
cd mailx-12.5
make
make install UCBINSTALL=/usr/bin/install
mv /bin/mail /bin/mail_old
ln -s /usr/local/bin/mailx /bin/mail
mail -V

接下来配置外部smtp发件信息

vi /etc/nail.rc 
添加如下内容：
set bsdcompat
set from=yunwei@yasn.com.cn
set smtp=smtp.yasn.com.cn
set smtp-auth-user=yunwei@yasn.com.cn
set smtp-auth-password=123456
set smtp-auth=login

测试邮件发送

echo 'mail content'|mail -s test zhengxinlei@test.com.cn

发送邮件测试，可以看到发件人是我们设定的外部邮件发件人

编辑contacts.cfg，定义邮件联系人和组

[root@nagios ~]# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/
[root@nagios objects]# ls
commands.cfg  localhost.cfg~  services.cfg  templates.cfg    hosts.cfg    printer.cfg     
switch.cfg   windows.cfg contacts.cfg   localhost.cfg  timeperiods.cfg  
[root@nagios objects]# vi contacts.cfg              // 修改内容如下
define contact{
        contact_name                    nagiosadmin             ; Short name of user
        use                             generic-contact         ; Inherit default values from generic-contact template (defined above)
        alias                           Nagios Admin            ; Full name of user

        #email                           nagios@localhost       ; <<***** CHANGE THIS TO YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS ******
        email                           3166@vip.qq.com,xinlei@126.com
        }


define contactgroup{
        contactgroup_name       admins
        alias                   Nagios Administrators
        members                 nagiosadmin
        }
编辑commands.cfg文件，定义邮件发送命令

[root@nagios objects]# vi commands.cfg                // 查看下面内容是否存在，不存在则添加
# 'notify-host-by-email' command definition
define command{
　　command_name    notify-host-by-email
　　command_line    /usr/bin/printf "%b" "***** Nagios ***** Notification Type: $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ Host: $HOSTNAME$ State: $HOSTSTATE$ Address: $HOSTADDRESS$ Info: $HOSTOUTPUT$ Date/Time: $LONGDATETIME$ " | /bin/mail -s "** $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ Host Alert: $HOSTNAME$ is $HOSTSTATE$ **" $CONTACTEMAIL$
　　}

# 'notify-service-by-email' command definition
define command{
　　command_name    notify-service-by-email
　　command_line    /usr/bin/printf "%b" "***** Nagios ***** Notification Type: $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ Service: $SERVICEDESC$ Host: $HOSTALIAS$ Address: $HOSTADDRESS$ State: $SERVICESTATE$ Date/Time: $LONGDATETIME$ Additional Info: $SERVICEOUTPUT$ " | /bin/mail -s "** $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ Service Alert: $HOSTALIAS$/$SERVICEDESC$ is $SERVICESTATE$ **" $CONTACTEMAIL$
　　}

修改一下监控的阀值，模拟报警。

重启nagios服务和sendmail服务

[root@nagios ~]# systemctl restart nagios
[root@nagios ~]# systemctl stop sendmail
[root@nagios ~]# ps -ef|grep sendmail
[root@nagios ~]# systemctl start sendmail
[root@nagios ~]# ps -ef|grep sendmail

查看报警的邮件，来几张图吧：

这是报警恢复后的邮件：

ok，搞定了。

常见邮件发送报错：

报错1

解决方法：
修改hosts为域名形式

[root@nagios objects]# cat /etc/hosts
172.16.0.18 nagios nagios.com

报错2（发送外部邮件的时候，这种本地形式的发件人和发件地址容易被误认为垃圾邮件而拒收。）

解决方法，见上面配置mail发件人smtp信息。

●监视物理组件的高级 Linux 命令（仅供参考）

内存：top free、vmstat、mpstat、iostat、sar
CPU：top vmstat、mpstat、iostat、sar
I/O：vmstat、mpstat、iostat、sar
进程：ipcs、ipcrm
负载：uptime

一键安装nagios命令参考

#############nagios-server-install########################
mkdir /software/
# mv nagios-4.3.1.tar.gz nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz nrpe-3.1.0.tar.gz pnp4nagios-0.6.25.tar.gz /software/
cd /software/
wget https://assets.nagios.com/downloads/nagioscore/releases/nagios-4.3.1.tar.gz
wget https://nagios-plugins.org/download/nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz
wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/nagios/files/nrpe-3.x/nrpe-3.1.0.tar.gz
wget https://jaist.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pnp4nagios/PNP-0.6/pnp4nagios-0.6.25.tar.gz
yum -y install httpd httpd-devel gcc glibc glibc-common gd gd-devel perl-devel perl-CPAN fcgi perl-FCGI perl-FCGI-ProcManager
tar zxvf nagios-4.3.1.tar.gz
cd nagios-4.3.1/
useradd nagios -s /sbin/nologin 
id www
groupadd nagcmd
usermod -a -G nagcmd nagios 
usermod -a -G nagcmd www
id -n -G nagios
id -n -G www
./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd
make all
make install-init
make install-commandmode
make install-config
make install
sleep 2    
cp -R contrib/eventhandlers/ /usr/local/nagios/libexec/
chown -R nagios:nagios /usr/local/nagios/libexec/eventhandlers
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
make install-webconf
echo 'nagios:$apr1$UigX6LG0$29RugFJZTSxRjnX4NIH3E0' > /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users
sed -i 's/Listen 80/Listen 8080/g' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
sed -i 's/User apache/User www/g' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
sed -i 's/Group apache/Group www/g' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
sed -i 's/DirectoryIndex index.html/DirectoryIndex index.php index.html/g' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
grep 'Listen' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
grep 'User' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
grep 'Group' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf 
grep 'DirectoryIndex' /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
cd /software/php-7.1.4/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=www --with-fpm-group=www --with-mysqli --with-zlib --with-curl --with-gd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir --with-openssl --enable-mbstring --enable-xml --enable-session --enable-ftp --enable-pdo -enable-tokenizer --enable-zip --with-apxs2
make && make install
sleep 1

cd /etc/httpd/
ll /etc/httpd/modules/libphp7.so
systemctl start httpd
systemctl enable httpd
chkconfig nagios on
/etc/init.d/nagios start
cd /software/
tar zxvf nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz
cd nagios-plugins-2.2.1/
./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagcmd --enable-perl-modules
make && make install

cd /software/
tar zxvf nrpe-3.1.0.tar.gz
cd nrpe-3.1.0/
./configure
make all
make install-plugin
make install-daemon
make install-daemon-config
cp sample-config/nrpe.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg
ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -d -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg 
echo "/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -d -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg" >> /etc/rc.local
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local 
netstat -lnput|grep 5666
/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost


#######################nagios-client-install###########################
mkdir /software/
# mv nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz nrpe-3.1.0.tar.gz /software/
cd /software/
wget https://nagios-plugins.org/download/nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz
wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/nagios/files/nrpe-3.x/nrpe-3.1.0.tar.gz
yum install perl-devel perl-CPAN -y
useradd nagios -M -s /sbin/nologin
tar zxvf nagios-plugins-2.2.1.tar.gz
cd nagios-plugins-2.2.1/
./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios --enable-perl-modules
make && make install
sleep 1
cd ..
tar zxvf nrpe-3.1.0.tar.gz
cd nrpe-3.1.0/
./configure
make all
make install-plugin
make install-daemon
make install-daemon-config
mkdir /usr/local/nagios/etc/
cp sample-config/nrpe.cfg /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg
ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -d -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg 
echo "/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -d -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg" >> /etc/rc.local
chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local           
netstat -lnput|grep 5666
sed -i 's/allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,::1/allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,::1,172.16.0.1/g' /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg
sed -i 's/^command[check/#command[check/g' /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg
cat >> /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg << EOF
# my custom monitor items
command[check_users]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_users -w 5 -c 10
command[check_load]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_load -r -w .15,.10,.05 -c .30,.25,.20
command[check_disk]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk -w 20% -c 10% -p /
command[check_mem]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_mem.pl -w 90% -c 95%
command[check_swap]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_swap -w 20% -c 10%
EOF
/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H localhost -c check_disk
总结：

多多查看nagios日志和mail日志，进行排错。

作者：君惜丶
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/3476d98a4703
來源：简书
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/momoyan/p/9143269.html