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  • C#操作API函数

    作为初学者来说,在C#中使用API确是一件令人头疼的问题。在使用API之前你必须知道如何在C#中使用结构、类型转换、安全/不安全代码,可控/不可控代码等许多知识。
      一切从简单开始,复杂的大家一时不能接受。我们就从实现一个简单的MessageBox开始。首先打开VS.Net ,创建一个新的C#工程,并添加一个Button按钮。当这个按钮被点击,则显示一个MessageBox对话框。

    即然我们需要引用外来库,所以必须导入一个Namespace

    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

    接着添加下面的代码来声明一个API

    [DllImport("User32.dll")]
      public static extern int MessageBox(int h, string m, string c, int type);

    此处DllImport属性被用来从不可控代码中调用一方法。”User32.dll”则设定了类库名。DllImport属性指定dll的位置,这个dll中包括调用的外部方法。Static修饰符则声明一个静态元素,而这个元素属于类型本身而不是上面指定的对象。extern则表示这个方法将在工程外部执行,使用DllImport导入的方法必须使用extern修饰符。
         MessageBox
    则是函数名,拥有4个参数,其返回值为数字。
        
    大多数的API都能传递并返回值。
        
    添中Click点击事件代码:

      protected void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
    MessageBox (0,"API Message Box","API Demo",0);
    }

    编译并运行这个程序,当你点击按钮后,你将会看到对话框,这便是你使用的API函数。
        使用结构体
       
    操作带有结构体的API比使用简单的API要复杂的多。但是一旦你掌握了API的过程,那个整个API世界将在你的掌握之中。
       
    下面的例子中我们将使用GetSystemInfo API 来获取整个系统的信息。
       
    第一步还是打开C#建立一个Form工程,同样的添中一个Button按钮,在代码窗中输入下面的代码,导入Namespace

    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

    声明一个结构体,它将作GetSystemInfo的一个参数

     [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

    public struct SYSTEM_INFO

    {

    public uint dwOemId;
    public uint dwPageSize;
    public uint lpMinimumApplicationAddress;
    public uint lpMaximumApplicationAddress;
    public uint dwActiveProcessorMask;
    public uint dwNumberOfProcessors;
    public uint dwProcessorType;
    public uint dwAllocationGranularity;
    public uint dwProcessorLevel;
    public uint dwProcessorRevision;
    }

    声明API函数:

    [DllImport("kernel32")]
    static extern void GetSystemInfo(ref SYSTEM_INFO pSI);

    添加下面的代码至按钮的点击事件处理中:
    首先创建一个SYSTEM_INFO结构体,并将其传递给GetSystemInfo函数。

     protected void button1_Click (object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
       try
    {
    SYSTEM_INFO pSI = new SYSTEM_INFO();
    GetSystemInfo(ref pSI);
    //
    //
    //
     

    //一旦你接收到返回的结构体,那么就可以以返回的参数来执行操作了。

     e.g.listBox1.InsertItem (0,pSI.dwActiveProcessorMask.ToString());:
    //
    //
    //
    }
         catch(Exception er)

         {
         MessageBox.Show (er.Message);
                  }
     }

     //Created By Ajit Mungale


    //程序补充   苍马之子

    新建两个Form窗体:Mainform和about,在Mainform窗体中添加MenuStrip,然后添加子菜单abouttoolmenustrip,另外添加一个ListBox和Button。

    using System;

    using System.Collections.Generic;

    using System.ComponentModel;

    using System.Data;

    using System.Drawing;

    using System.Text;

    using System.Windows.Forms;

    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

     

    namespace WINAPI

    {

        //Struct 收集系统信息

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

        public struct SYSTEM_INFO

        {

            public uint dwOemId;

            public uint dwPageSize;

            public uint lpMinimumApplicationAddress;

            public uint lpMaximumApplicationAddress;

            public uint dwActiveProcessorMask;

            public uint dwNumberOfProcessors;

            public uint dwProcessorType;

            public uint dwAllocationGranularity;

            public uint dwProcessorLevel;

            public uint dwProcessorRevision;

        }

        //struct 收集内存情况

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]

        public struct MEMORYSTATUS

        {

            public uint dwLength;

            public uint dwMemoryLoad;

            public uint dwTotalPhys;

            public uint dwAvailPhys;

            public uint dwTotalPageFile;

           public uint dwAvailPageFile;

            public uint dwTotalVirtual;

            public uint dwAvailVirtual;

        }

     

     

        public partial class Form1 : Form

        {

            //获取系统信息

            [DllImport("kernel32")]

            static extern void GetSystemInfo(ref SYSTEM_INFO pSI);

            //获取内存信息

            [DllImport("kernel32")]

            static extern void GlobalMemoryStatus(ref MEMORYSTATUS buf);

            //处理器类型

            public const int PROCESSOR_INTEL_386 = 386;

            public const int PROCESSOR_INTEL_486 = 486;

            public const int PROCESSOR_INTEL_PENTIUM = 586;

            public const int PROCESSOR_MIPS_R4000 = 4000;

            public const int PROCESSOR_ALPHA_21064 = 21064;

     

            public Form1()

            {

                InitializeComponent();

            }

     

            private void aboutToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

            {

                Form abt = new about();

                abt.ShowDialog();

            }

     

            private void btn_display_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

            {

                try

                {

                    SYSTEM_INFO pSI = new SYSTEM_INFO();

                    GetSystemInfo(ref pSI);

                    string CPUType;

                    switch (pSI.dwProcessorType)

                    {

                        case PROCESSOR_INTEL_386:

                            CPUType = "Intel 386";

                            break;

                        case PROCESSOR_INTEL_486:

                            CPUType = "Intel 486";

                            break;

                        case PROCESSOR_INTEL_PENTIUM:

                            CPUType = "Intel Pentium";

                            break;

                        case PROCESSOR_MIPS_R4000:

                            CPUType = "MIPS R4000";

                            break;

                        case PROCESSOR_ALPHA_21064:

                            CPUType = "DEC Alpha 21064";

                            break;

                        default:

                            CPUType = "(unknown)";

                            break;

                    }

                    listBox1.Items.Add("Active Processor Mask :" + pSI.dwActiveProcessorMask.ToString());

                    listBox1.Items.Add("Allocation Granularity :" + pSI.dwAllocationGranularity.ToString());

                    listBox1.Items.Add("Number Of Processors :" + pSI.dwNumberOfProcessors.ToString());

                    listBox1.Items.Add("OEM ID :" + pSI.dwOemId.ToString());

                    listBox1.Items.Add("Page Size:" + pSI.dwPageSize.ToString());

                    listBox1.Items.Add("Processor Level Value:" + pSI.dwProcessorLevel.ToString());

                    listBox1.Items.Add("Processor Revision:" + pSI.dwProcessorRevision.ToString());

                    listBox1.Items.Add("CPU type:" + CPUType);

                    listBox1.Items.Add("Maximum Application Address: " + pSI.lpMaximumApplicationAddress.ToString());

                    listBox1.Items.Add("Minimum Application Address:" + pSI.lpMinimumApplicationAddress.ToString());

                    /************** GlobalMemoryStatus 获取返回值****************/

                    MEMORYSTATUS memSt = new MEMORYSTATUS();

                    GlobalMemoryStatus(ref memSt);

                    listBox1.Items.Add("Available Page File :" + (memSt.dwAvailPageFile/1024).ToString());

                    listBox1.Items.Add("Available Physical Memory : " + (memSt.dwAvailPhys/1024).ToString());

                    listBox1.Items.Add("Available Virtual Memory:" + (memSt.dwAvailVirtual/1024).ToString());

                    listBox1.Items.Add("Size of structur :" + memSt.dwLength.ToString());

                    listBox1.Items.Add("Memory In Use :" + memSt.dwMemoryLoad.ToString());

                    listBox1.Items.Add("Total Page Size :" + (memSt.dwTotalPageFile/1024).ToString());

                    listBox1.Items.Add("Total Physical Memory :" + (memSt.dwTotalPhys/1024).ToString());

                    listBox1.Items.Add("Total Virtual Memory :" + (memSt.dwTotalVirtual/1024).ToString());

                }

                catch (Exception er)

                {

                    MessageBox.Show(er.Message);

                }

            }

        }

    }

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/moss_tan_jun/p/1851789.html
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