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  • python 的日志logging模块

    1.简单的将日志打印到屏幕

    import logging

    logging.debug('This is debug message')
    logging.info('This is info message')
    logging.warning('This is warning message')

     

    屏幕上打印:
    WARNING:root:This is warning message

    默认情况下,logging将日志打印到屏幕,日志级别为WARNING;
    日志级别大小关系为:CRITICAL > ERROR > WARNING > INFO > DEBUG > NOTSET,当然也可以自己定义日志级别。

    2.通过logging.basicConfig函数对日志的输出格式及方式做相关配置

    import logging

    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
                    format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
                    datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
                    filename='myapp.log',
                    filemode='w')
        
    logging.debug('This is debug message')
    logging.info('This is info message')
    logging.warning('This is warning message')

     

    ./myapp.log文件中内容为:
    Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug message
    Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info message
    Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message

    logging.basicConfig函数各参数:
    filename: 指定日志文件名
    filemode: 和file函数意义相同,指定日志文件的打开模式,'w'或'a'
    format: 指定输出的格式和内容,format可以输出很多有用信息,如上例所示:
     %(levelno)s: 打印日志级别的数值
     %(levelname)s: 打印日志级别名称
     %(pathname)s: 打印当前执行程序的路径,其实就是sys.argv[0]
     %(filename)s: 打印当前执行程序名
     %(funcName)s: 打印日志的当前函数
     %(lineno)d: 打印日志的当前行号
     %(asctime)s: 打印日志的时间
     %(thread)d: 打印线程ID
     %(threadName)s: 打印线程名称
     %(process)d: 打印进程ID
     %(message)s: 打印日志信息
    datefmt: 指定时间格式,同time.strftime()
    level: 设置日志级别,默认为logging.WARNING
    stream: 指定将日志的输出流,可以指定输出到sys.stderr,sys.stdout或者文件,默认输出到sys.stderr,当stream和filename同时指定时,stream被忽略

    3.将日志同时输出到文件和屏幕

    import logging

    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
                    format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
                    datefmt='%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S',
                    filename='myapp.log',
                    filemode='w')

    #################################################################################################
    #定义一个StreamHandler,将INFO级别或更高的日志信息打印到标准错误,并将其添加到当前的日志处理对象#
    console = logging.StreamHandler()
    console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
    console.setFormatter(formatter)
    logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console)
    #################################################################################################

    logging.debug('This is debug message')
    logging.info('This is info message')
    logging.warning('This is warning message')

     

    屏幕上打印:
    root        : INFO     This is info message
    root        : WARNING  This is warning message

    ./myapp.log文件中内容为:
    Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:11] DEBUG This is debug message
    Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:12] INFO This is info message
    Sun, 24 May 2009 21:48:54 demo2.py[line:13] WARNING This is warning message

    4.logging之日志回滚

    import logging
    from logging.handlers import RotatingFileHandler

    #################################################################################################
    #定义一个RotatingFileHandler,最多备份5个日志文件,每个日志文件最大10M
    Rthandler = RotatingFileHandler('myapp.log', maxBytes=10*1024*1024,backupCount=5)
    Rthandler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
    Rthandler.setFormatter(formatter)
    logging.getLogger('').addHandler(Rthandler)
    ################################################################################################

    从上例和本例可以看出,logging有一个日志处理的主对象,其它处理方式都是通过addHandler添加进去的。
    logging的几种handle方式如下:

     

    logging.StreamHandler: 日志输出到流,可以是sys.stderr、sys.stdout或者文件
    logging.FileHandler: 日志输出到文件

    日志回滚方式,实际使用时用RotatingFileHandler和TimedRotatingFileHandler
    logging.handlers.BaseRotatingHandler
    logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler
    logging.handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler

    logging.handlers.SocketHandler: 远程输出日志到TCP/IP sockets
    logging.handlers.DatagramHandler:  远程输出日志到UDP sockets
    logging.handlers.SMTPHandler:  远程输出日志到邮件地址
    logging.handlers.SysLogHandler: 日志输出到syslog
    logging.handlers.NTEventLogHandler: 远程输出日志到Windows NT/2000/XP的事件日志
    logging.handlers.MemoryHandler: 日志输出到内存中的制定buffer
    logging.handlers.HTTPHandler: 通过"GET"或"POST"远程输出到HTTP服务器

     

    由于StreamHandler和FileHandler是常用的日志处理方式,所以直接包含在logging模块中,而其他方式则包含在logging.handlers模块中,
    上述其它处理方式的使用请参见python2.5手册!

    5.通过logging.config模块配置日志

    #logger.conf

    ###############################################

    [loggers]
    keys=root,example01,example02

    [logger_root]
    level=DEBUG
    handlers=hand01,hand02

    [logger_example01]
    handlers=hand01,hand02
    qualname=example01
    propagate=0

    [logger_example02]
    handlers=hand01,hand03
    qualname=example02
    propagate=0

    ###############################################

    [handlers]
    keys=hand01,hand02,hand03

    [handler_hand01]
    class=StreamHandler
    level=INFO
    formatter=form02
    args=(sys.stderr,)

    [handler_hand02]
    class=FileHandler
    level=DEBUG
    formatter=form01
    args=('myapp.log', 'a')

    [handler_hand03]
    class=handlers.RotatingFileHandler
    level=INFO
    formatter=form02
    args=('myapp.log', 'a', 10*1024*1024, 5)

    ###############################################

    [formatters]
    keys=form01,form02

    [formatter_form01]
    format=%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s
    datefmt=%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S

    [formatter_form02]
    format=%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s
    datefmt=

    上例3:

    import logging
    import logging.config

    logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")
    logger = logging.getLogger("example01")

    logger.debug('This is debug message')
    logger.info('This is info message')
    logger.warning('This is warning message')

    上例4:

    import logging
    import logging.config

    logging.config.fileConfig("logger.conf")
    logger = logging.getLogger("example02")

    logger.debug('This is debug message')
    logger.info('This is info message')
    logger.warning('This is warning message')

    6.logging是线程安全的

    from:http://blog.csdn.net/yatere/article/details/6655445

    出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/dkblog/archive/2011/08/26/2155018.html

    ===========================================================================================

    logging模块是在2.3新引进的功能,下面是一些常用的类和模块级函数

    模块级函数

    logging.getLogger([name]):返回一个logger对象,如果没有指定名字将返回root logger

    logging.debug()、logging.info()、logging.warning()、logging.error()、logging.critical():设定root logger的日志级别

    logging.basicConfig():用默认Formatter为日志系统建立一个StreamHandler,设置基础配置并加到root logger中

     

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    import logging
    import sys
     
    LEVELS = {'debug': logging.DEBUG,
              'info': logging.INFO,
              'warning': logging.WARNING,
              'error': logging.ERROR,
              'critical': logging.CRITICAL}
     
    if len(sys.argv) > 1:
        level_name = sys.argv[1]
        level = LEVELS.get(level_name, logging.NOTSET)
        logging.basicConfig(level=level)
     
    logging.debug('This is a debug message')
    logging.info('This is an info message')
    logging.warning('This is a warning message')
    logging.error('This is an error message')
    logging.critical('This is a critical error message')

     

    $ python logging_level_example.py debug
    DEBUG:root:This is a debug message
    INFO:root:This is an info message
    WARNING:root:This is a warning message
    ERROR:root:This is an error message
    CRITICAL:root:This is a critical error message
    
    $ python logging_level_example.py info
    INFO:root:This is an info message
    WARNING:root:This is a warning message
    ERROR:root:This is an error message
    CRITICAL:root:This is a critical error message

    Loggers

    Logger.setLevel(lel):指定最低的日志级别,低于lel的级别将被忽略。debug是最低的内置级别,critical为最高

    Logger.addFilter(filt)、Logger.removeFilter(filt):添加或删除指定的filter

    Logger.addHandler(hdlr)、Logger.removeHandler(hdlr):增加或删除指定的handler

    Logger.debug()、Logger.info()、Logger.warning()、Logger.error()、Logger.critical():可以设置的日志级别

     

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    import logging
     
    # create logger
    logger = logging.getLogger("simple_example")
    logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
     
    # create console handler and set level to debug
    ch = logging.StreamHandler()
    ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
     
    # create formatter
    formatter = logging.Formatter("%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s")
     
    # add formatter to ch
    ch.setFormatter(formatter)
     
    # add ch to logger
    logger.addHandler(ch)
     
    # "application" code
    logger.debug("debug message")
    logger.info("info message")
    logger.warn("warn message")
    logger.error("error message")
    logger.critical("critical message")
    $ python simple_logging_module.py
    2005-03-19 15:10:26,618 - simple_example - DEBUG - debug message
    2005-03-19 15:10:26,620 - simple_example - INFO - info message
    2005-03-19 15:10:26,695 - simple_example - WARNING - warn message
    2005-03-19 15:10:26,697 - simple_example - ERROR - error message
    2005-03-19 15:10:26,773 - simple_example - CRITICAL - critical message

    Handlers

    handler对象负责发送相关的信息到指定目的地。可以通过addHandler()方法添加多个多handler

    Handler.setLevel(lel):指定被处理的信息级别,低于lel级别的信息将被忽略

    Handler.setFormatter():给这个handler选择一个格式

    Handler.addFilter(filt)、Handler.removeFilter(filt):新增或删除一个filter对象

     

    Formatters

    Formatter对象设置日志信息最后的规则、结构和内容,默认的时间格式为%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S,下面是Formatter常用的一些信息

    %(name)s

    Logger的名字

    %(levelno)s

    数字形式的日志级别

    %(levelname)s

    文本形式的日志级别

    %(pathname)s

    调用日志输出函数的模块的完整路径名,可能没有

    %(filename)s

    调用日志输出函数的模块的文件名

    %(module)s

    调用日志输出函数的模块名

    %(funcName)s

    调用日志输出函数的函数名

    %(lineno)d

    调用日志输出函数的语句所在的代码行

    %(created)f

    当前时间,用UNIX标准的表示时间的浮 点数表示

    %(relativeCreated)d

    输出日志信息时的,自Logger创建以 来的毫秒数

    %(asctime)s

    字符串形式的当前时间。默认格式是 “2003-07-08 16:49:45,896”。逗号后面的是毫秒

    %(thread)d

    线程ID。可能没有

    %(threadName)s

    线程名。可能没有

    %(process)d

    进程ID。可能没有

    %(message)s

    用户输出的消息

     

    最后来个例子

     

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    import logging
     
    # set up logging to file - see previous section for more details
    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
                        format='%(asctime)s %(name)-12s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s',
                        datefmt='%m-%d %H:%M',
                        filename='/temp/myapp.log',
                        filemode='w')
    # define a Handler which writes INFO messages or higher to the sys.stderr
    console = logging.StreamHandler()
    console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    # set a format which is simpler for console use
    formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
    # tell the handler to use this format
    console.setFormatter(formatter)
    # add the handler to the root logger
    logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console)
     
    # Now, we can log to the root logger, or any other logger. First the root...
    logging.info('Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.')
     
    # Now, define a couple of other loggers which might represent areas in your
    # application:
     
    logger1 = logging.getLogger('myapp.area1')
    logger2 = logging.getLogger('myapp.area2')
     
    logger1.debug('Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim.')
    logger1.info('How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.')
    logger2.warning('Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.')
    logger2.error('The five boxing wizards jump quickly.')

    运行后,在终端看到的结果

     

     

    root        : INFO     Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.
    myapp.area1 : INFO     How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.
    myapp.area2 : WARNING  Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.
    myapp.area2 : ERROR    The five boxing wizards jump quickly.

    在日志文件中的结果

    10-22 22:19 root         INFO     Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.
    10-22 22:19 myapp.area1  DEBUG    Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim.
    10-22 22:19 myapp.area1  INFO     How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.
    10-22 22:19 myapp.area2  WARNING  Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.
    10-22 22:19 myapp.area2  ERROR    The five boxing wizards jump quickly.

    发现DEBUG信息只有在文件中出现,这是因为StreamHandler中setLevel是INFO,可以看出Logger.setLevel()和handler.setLevel()的区别

    详细信息请参阅 http://docs.python.org/library/logging.html

    出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/captain_jack/archive/2011/01/21/1941453.html#top

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/mq0036/p/7205261.html
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