Spring Boot源码分析之 启动过程

本文基于Spring Boot 2.2.1.RELEASE版本了解Spring Boot如何启动

首先让我们看一下最简单的Spring Boot启动代码

@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

每一个使用过Spring Boot的同学对于上面的代码应该都非常熟悉了，通过这段代码即可启动Spring Boot应用。那么SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args)内部到底做了什么事情呢？

在查看具体代码之前，我们先了解一下SpringApplication内部大概的执行流程，如下图

​

从上图中可以看出run()是整个应用的入口，接着初始化SpringApplicationRunListener，Environment等实例，然后创建应用上下文对象，“准备”并“刷新”上下文，到这里Spring容器已基本启动完成，最后发送事件通知各个组件作出相应动作。

源码分析

在了解完大概的流程之后，下面开始深入源码分析Spring Boot具体的启动过程，首先进入入口方法run

public ConfigurableApplicationContext run(String... args) {
    StopWatch stopWatch = new StopWatch();
    stopWatch.start();
    ConfigurableApplicationContext context = null;
    Collection<SpringBootExceptionReporter> exceptionReporters = new ArrayList<>();
    configureHeadlessProperty();
    SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners = getRunListeners(args);
    listeners.starting();
    // ...

StopWatch主要是用来统计每项任务执行时长，例如Spring Boot启动占用总时长。

Started DemoApplication in 4.241 seconds (JVM running for 5.987)

getRunListeners()完成了SpringApplicationRunListener实例化工作，如何完成的呢？进入方法内部查看

private SpringApplicationRunListeners getRunListeners(String[] args) {
		Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[] { SpringApplication.class, String[].class };
    return new SpringApplicationRunListeners(logger, getSpringFactoriesInstances(
				SpringApplicationRunListener.class, types, this, args));
}
复制代码

SpringApplicationRunListeners和SpringApplicationRunListener不是同一个类，它们名称非常相似

查看SpringApplicationRunListeners源码

SpringApplicationRunListeners(Log log,
			Collection<? extends SpringApplicationRunListener> listeners) {
	this.log = log;
	this.listeners = new ArrayList<>(listeners);
}

public void starting() {
	for (SpringApplicationRunListener listener : this.listeners	 {
		listener.starting();
	}
}
public void environmentPrepared() {
	// ....
}
public void contextPrepared() {
	// ....
}
public void contextLoaded() {
	// ....
}
public void started() {
	// ....
}
public void running() {
	// ....
}

它是SpringApplicationRunListener的一个集合

观察SpringApplicationRunListeners所有方法，可以看出，它实际是一个用来发送SpringApplicationRunListener相关事件的工具类

接着继续观察getSpringFactoriesInstances源码，看它是如何实例化对象的（此方法后续多处使用）

private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstance(Class<T> type,
		Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
	ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader();
	// 加载对象名称
	Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(
			SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type,classLoader));
	List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type parameterTypes,
			classLoader, args, names);
	AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
	return instances;
}

这里通过SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames获取type对应的FactoryNames，不明白有什么用处？进入方法内部查看

public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?>factoryClass, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
	String factoryClassName = factoryClass.getName();
	return loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefaul(factoryClassName, Collections.emptyList());
}

继续进入loadSpringFactories方法内部

public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION ="META-INF/spring.factories";
private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactorie(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
	MultiValueMap<String, String> result = cache.ge(classLoader);
	if (result != null) {
		return result;
	}
	try {
		// 获取 META-INF/spring.factories 对应的资源
		Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ?
				classLoader.getResource(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) :
				ClassLoader.getSystemResource(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));
		result = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
		while (urls.hasMoreElements()) {
			URL url = urls.nextElement();
			UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url);
			// 读取文件内容
			Properties properties =PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
			for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySe()) {
				String factoryClassName = ((String)entry.getKey()).trim();
				for (String factoryName :StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(String) entry.getValue())) {
					// 获取 factoryClassName 对应的多个valu（多个value用逗号分隔）
					result.add(factoryClassName,factoryName.trim());
				}
			}
		}
		// 缓存已经读取到的内容
		cache.put(classLoader, result);
		return result;
	}
	catch (IOException ex) {
		throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to loadfactories from location [" +
				FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex);
	}
}

看到这里可能会疑惑META-INF/spring.factories文件在哪里？文件里面有什么内容？

其实这个文件存放在Spring Boot和Spring Boot autoconfigure的jar包内部（有兴趣的同学可以自行下载jar包并解压查看），Spring Boot中的文件内容如下：

# 完整内容请查看原文件

# Run Listeners
org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener=
org.springframework.boot.context.event.EventPublishingRunListener

# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=
org.springframework.boot.ClearCachesApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener

可以看到SpringApplicationRunListener对应的值是EventPublishingRunListener

回到SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames方法内部，可以发现方法获取的值实际上是factoryClass在META-INF/spring.factories中对应的实现类的集合

明白这个方法之后，再回到getSpringFactoriesInstances方法

private <T> Collection<T> getSpringFactoriesInstance(Class<T> type,
		Class<?>[] parameterTypes, Object... args) {
	ClassLoader classLoader = getClassLoader();
	// 获取 SpringApplicationRunListener 对应的实现类的名称集合
	Set<String> names = new LinkedHashSet<>(
			SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(type,classLoader));
	// 通过反射实例化对象
	List<T> instances = createSpringFactoriesInstances(type parameterTypes,
			classLoader, args, names);
	AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(instances);
	return instances;
}

到此为止getRunListeners完成了SpringApplicationRunListener对应实现类的实例化，并回调其starting方法

SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners getRunListeners(args);
listeners.starting();
复制代码

从上面分析得知，实际上调用的是EventPublishingRunListener的starting方法，那么方法内部做了什么呢？

public void starting() {
	this.initialMulticaster.multicastEvent(
			new ApplicationStartingEvent(this.application,this.args));
}

发送了一个ApplicationStartingEvent事件

继续查找ApplicationStartingEvent事件的消费者，从spring.factories中可以找到所有预定义的事件消费者

# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=
org.springframework.boot.ClearCachesApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.builder.ParentContextCloserApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.FileEncodingApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.config.AnsiOutputApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.config.ConfigFileApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.config.DelegatingApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.context.logging.LoggingApplicationListener,
org.springframework.boot.liquibase.LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener

# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.BackgroundPreinitializer

接下来要做的就是从这些消费者中找出ApplicationStartingEvent事件的消费者（查找过程省略），找到以下两个消费者

• LoggingApplicationListener 初始化日志系统

• LiquibaseServiceLocatorApplicationListener （参数liquibase.servicelocator.ServiceLocator）如果存在，则使用springboot相关的版本进行替代

了解完ApplicationStartingEvent事件之后，回到run方法继续往下探究prepareEnvironment

private ConfigurableEnvironment prepareEnvironment(
		SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
		ApplicationArguments applicationArguments) {
	// 创建Environment对象
	ConfigurableEnvironment environment =getOrCreateEnvironment();
	configureEnvironment(environment,applicationArguments.getSourceArgs());
	// 发布ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent事件
	listeners.environmentPrepared(environment);
	bindToSpringApplication(environment);
	if (!this.isCustomEnvironment) {
		environment = new EnvironmentConverte(getClassLoader())
				.convertEnvironmentIfNecessary(environment,deduceEnvironmentClass());
	}
	ConfigurationPropertySources.attach(environment);
	return environment;
}

这里又发布了一个ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent事件，继续查找事件监听对象

• FileEncodingApplicationListener 检查系统文件编码格式是否符合环境变量中配置的文件编码格式（如果存在相关设置 - spring.mandatory-file-encoding），如果编码不符合，则抛出异常阻止Spring启动
• AnsiOutputApplicationListener 是否开启AnsiOutput
• DelegatingApplicationListener 代理context.listener.classes配置的监听者
• ClasspathLoggingApplicationListener 日志输出classpath
• LoggingApplicationListener 配置日志系统，logging.config, logging.level...等
• ConfigFileApplicationListener 这是一个比较重要的监听对象，具体的方法实现如下

private void onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent(
		ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent event) {
	List<EnvironmentPostProcessor> postProcessors =loadPostProcessors();
	postProcessors.add(this);
	AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(postProcessors);
	for (EnvironmentPostProcessor postProcessor :postProcessors) {
		postProcessor.postProcessEnvironmen(event.getEnvironment(),
				event.getSpringApplication());
	}
}

List<EnvironmentPostProcessor> loadPostProcessors() {
	return SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactorie(EnvironmentPostProcessor.class,
			getClass().getClassLoader());
}

通过spring.factories，可以看到这里加载以下EnvironmentPostProcessor对象

• CloudFoundryVcapEnvironmentPostProcessor
• SpringApplicationJsonEnvironmentPostProcessor
• SystemEnvironmentPropertySourceEnvironmentPostProcessor
• ConfigFileApplicationListener

很多同学可能会疑问ConfigFileApplicationListener并不存在spring.factories文件中，这里为什么会有它呢？

实际上ConfigFileApplicationListener在onApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent方法中，将自身添加到EnvironmentPostProcessor对象列表中。

我们主要关注ConfigFileApplicationListener的postProcessEnvironment方法

public void postProcessEnvironment(ConfigurableEnvironmentenvironment,
		SpringApplication application) {
	addPropertySources(environment,application.getResourceLoader());
}
protected void addPropertySources(ConfigurableEnvironmentenvironment,
		ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
	RandomValuePropertySource.addToEnvironment(environment);
	// 读取applicaiton.yml, application.properties等配置文件
	new Loader(environment, resourceLoader).load();
}

ConfigFileApplicationListener监听到ApplicationEnvironmentPreparedEvent事件之后开始读取本地配置文件

关于Spring如何读取本地配置文件，请前往Spring Boot源码分析-配置文件加载原理

创建ApplicationContext对象

protected ConfigurableApplicationContextcreateApplicationContext() {
	Class<?> contextClass = this.applicationContextClass;
	if (contextClass == null) {
		try {
			// 根据webApplicationType创建对应上下文对象
			switch (this.webApplicationType) {
			case SERVLET:
				contextClass = Class.forNam(DEFAULT_SERVLET_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
				break;
			case REACTIVE:
				contextClass = Class.forNam(DEFAULT_REACTIVE_WEB_CONTEXT_CLASS);
				break;
			default:
				contextClass = Class.forNam(DEFAULT_CONTEXT_CLASS);
			}
		}
		catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
			throw new IllegalStateException(
					"Unable create a defaultApplicationContext, "
							+ "please specify anApplicationContextClass",
					ex);
		}
	}
	return (ConfigurableApplicationContext)BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
}

这里是根据webApplicationType决定创建什么类型的ApplicationContext对象，那么webApplicationType是何时赋值的呢？

public SpringApplication(ResourceLoader resourceLoader,Class<?>... primarySources) {
	this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
	Assert.notNull(primarySources, "PrimarySources must notbe null");
	this.primarySources = new LinkedHashSet<>(Arrays.asLis(primarySources));
	// 初始化webApplicationType
	this.webApplicationType =WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath();
	setInitializers((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstance(
			ApplicationContextInitializer.class));
	setListeners((Collection) getSpringFactoriesInstance(ApplicationListener.class));
	this.mainApplicationClass = deduceMainApplicationClass(;
}

从上面可以看出是通过WebApplicationType.deduceFromClasspath方法初始化的webApplicationType，继续跟踪代码

private static final String WEBFLUX_INDICATOR_CLASS = "org."
			+ "springframework.web.reactive.DispatcherHandler";
private static final String WEBMVC_INDICATOR_CLASS = "org.springframework."
			+ "web.servlet.DispatcherServlet";
private static final String JERSEY_INDICATOR_CLASS = "org.glassfish.jersey.servlet.ServletContainer";
private static final String[] SERVLET_INDICATOR_CLASSES = { "javax.servlet.Servlet",
			"org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext" };

static WebApplicationType deduceFromClasspath() {
	if (ClassUtils.isPresent(WEBFLUX_INDICATOR_CLASS, null)
			&& !ClassUtils.isPresent(WEBMVC_INDICATOR_CLASS null)
			&& !ClassUtils.isPresent(JERSEY_INDICATOR_CLASS null)) {
		return WebApplicationType.REACTIVE;
	}
	for (String className : SERVLET_INDICATOR_CLASSES) {
		if (!ClassUtils.isPresent(className, null)) {
			return WebApplicationType.NONE;
		}
	}
	return WebApplicationType.SERVLET;
}

从上面代码中可以看出Spring是通过当前classpath下是否存在相应的类，从而决定webApplicationType类型

初始化ApplicationContext对象

private void prepareContext(ConfigurableApplicationContextcontext,
		ConfigurableEnvironment environment,SpringApplicationRunListeners listeners,
		ApplicationArguments applicationArguments, BannerprintedBanner) {
	// 初始化context
	context.setEnvironment(environment);
	postProcessApplicationContext(context);
	applyInitializers(context);
	// 发送ApplicationContextInitializedEvent消息
	listeners.contextPrepared(context);
	if (this.logStartupInfo) {
		logStartupInfo(context.getParent() == null);
		logStartupProfileInfo(context);
	}
	// Add boot specific singleton beans
	ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory =context.getBeanFactory();
	beanFactory.registerSingleto("springApplicationArguments", applicationArguments);
	if (printedBanner != null) {
		beanFactory.registerSingleton("springBootBanner",printedBanner);
	}
	if (beanFactory instanceof DefaultListableBeanFactory) {
		((DefaultListableBeanFactory) beanFactory)
				.setAllowBeanDefinitionOverridin(this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding);
	}
	Set<Object> sources = getAllSources();
	Assert.notEmpty(sources, "Sources must not be empty");
	// 注册DemoApplication
	load(context, sources.toArray(new Object[0]));
	listeners.contextLoaded(context);
}

这里注册了DemoApplication到Spring容器中，为后续bean扫描做准备

接下来继续深入refreshContext方法，可以发现实际上是执行了AbstractApplicationContext.refresh方法

public void refresh() throws BeansException,IllegalStateException {
	synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
		prepareRefresh();
		ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory =obtainFreshBeanFactory();
		prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
		try {
			postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
			// 完成bean的加载
			invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
			registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
			initMessageSource();
			initApplicationEventMulticaster();
			onRefresh();
			registerListeners();
			finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
			finishRefresh();
		}
		catch (BeansException ex) {
			if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
				logger.warn("Exception encountered duringcontext initialization - " +
						"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex;
			}
			destroyBeans();
			cancelRefresh(ex);
			throw ex;
		}
		finally {
			resetCommonCaches();
		}
	}
}

refresh方法内部做了很多事情。比如：完成BeanFactory设置，BeanFactoryPostProcessor、BeanPostProcessor接口回调，Bean加载，国际化配置等。

到此为止Spring基本完成了容器的初始化工作，最后在调用callRunners方法，执行ApplicationRunner、CommandLineRunner接口。

private void callRunners(ApplicationContext context,ApplicationArguments args) {
	List<Object> runners = new ArrayList<>();
	runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfTyp(ApplicationRunner.class).values());
	runners.addAll(context.getBeansOfTyp(CommandLineRunner.class).values());
	AnnotationAwareOrderComparator.sort(runners);
	for (Object runner : new LinkedHashSet<>(runners)) {
		if (runner instanceof ApplicationRunner) {
			callRunner((ApplicationRunner) runner, args);
		}
		if (runner instanceof CommandLineRunner) {
			callRunner((CommandLineRunner) runner, args);
		}
	}
}

整个启动过程的核心方法是refresh，此方法内部承载大部分容器启动所需的工作。由于篇幅原因，后续再进行refresh内部源码分析，了解Spring Boot加载Bean的整个过程。