训练一个神经网络 能让她认得我
这段时间正在学习tensorflow的卷积神经网络部分,为了对卷积神经网络能够有一个更深的了解,自己动手实现一个例程是比较好的方式,所以就选了一个这样比较有点意思的项目。
项目的github地址:github 喜欢的话就给个Star吧。
想要她认得我,就需要给她一些我的照片,让她记住我的人脸特征,为了让她区分我和其他人,还需要给她一些其他人的照片做参照,所以就需要两组数据集来让她学习,如果想让她多认识几个人,那多给她几组图片集学习就可以了。下面就开始让我们来搭建这个能认识我的"她"。
运行环境
下面为软件的运行搭建系统环境。
系统: window或linux
软件: python 3.x 、 tensorflow
python支持库:
tensorflow:
pip install tensorflow #cpu版本
pip install rensorflow-gpu #gpu版本,需要cuda与cudnn的支持,不清楚的可以选择cpu版
numpy:
pip install numpy
opencv:
pip install opencv-python
dlib:
pip install dlib
获取本人图片集
获取本人照片的方式当然是拍照了,我们需要通过程序来给自己拍照,如果你自己有照片,也可以用那些现成的照片,但前提是你的照片足够多。这次用到的照片数是10000张,程序运行后,得坐在电脑面前不停得给自己的脸摆各种姿势,这样可以提高训练后识别自己的成功率,在程序中加入了随机改变对比度与亮度的模块,也是为了提高照片样本的多样性。
程序中使用的是dlib来识别人脸部分,也可以使用opencv来识别人脸,在实际使用过程中,dlib的识别效果比opencv的好,但opencv识别的速度会快很多,获取10000张人脸照片的情况下,dlib大约花费了1小时,而opencv的花费时间大概只有20分钟。opencv可能会识别一些奇怪的部分,所以综合考虑之后我使用了dlib来识别人脸。
get_my_faces.py
import cv2
import dlib
import os
import sys
import random
output_dir = './my_faces'
size = 64
if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
os.makedirs(output_dir)
# 改变图片的亮度与对比度
def relight(img, light=1, bias=0):
w = img.shape[1]
h = img.shape[0]
#image = []
for i in range(0,w):
for j in range(0,h):
for c in range(3):
tmp = int(img[j,i,c]*light + bias)
if tmp > 255:
tmp = 255
elif tmp < 0:
tmp = 0
img[j,i,c] = tmp
return img
#使用dlib自带的frontal_face_detector作为我们的特征提取器
detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector()
# 打开摄像头 参数为输入流,可以为摄像头或视频文件
camera = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
index = 1
while True:
if (index <= 10000):
print('Being processed picture %s' % index)
# 从摄像头读取照片
success, img = camera.read()
# 转为灰度图片
gray_img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# 使用detector进行人脸检测
dets = detector(gray_img, 1)
for i, d in enumerate(dets):
x1 = d.top() if d.top() > 0 else 0
y1 = d.bottom() if d.bottom() > 0 else 0
x2 = d.left() if d.left() > 0 else 0
y2 = d.right() if d.right() > 0 else 0
face = img[x1:y1,x2:y2]
# 调整图片的对比度与亮度, 对比度与亮度值都取随机数,这样能增加样本的多样性
face = relight(face, random.uniform(0.5, 1.5), random.randint(-50, 50))
face = cv2.resize(face, (size,size))
cv2.imshow('image', face)
cv2.imwrite(output_dir+'/'+str(index)+'.jpg', face)
index += 1
key = cv2.waitKey(30) & 0xff
if key == 27:
break
else:
print('Finished!')
break
在这里我也给出一个opencv来识别人脸的代码示例:
import cv2
import os
import sys
import random
out_dir = './my_faces'
if not os.path.exists(out_dir):
os.makedirs(out_dir)
# 改变亮度与对比度
def relight(img, alpha=1, bias=0):
w = img.shape[1]
h = img.shape[0]
#image = []
for i in range(0,w):
for j in range(0,h):
for c in range(3):
tmp = int(img[j,i,c]*alpha + bias)
if tmp > 255:
tmp = 255
elif tmp < 0:
tmp = 0
img[j,i,c] = tmp
return img
# 获取分类器
haar = cv2.CascadeClassifier('haarcascade_frontalface_default.xml')
# 打开摄像头 参数为输入流,可以为摄像头或视频文件
camera = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
n = 1
while 1:
if (n <= 10000):
print('It`s processing %s image.' % n)
# 读帧
success, img = camera.read()
gray_img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
faces = haar.detectMultiScale(gray_img, 1.3, 5)
for f_x, f_y, f_w, f_h in faces:
face = img[f_y:f_y+f_h, f_x:f_x+f_w]
face = cv2.resize(face, (64,64))
'''
if n % 3 == 1:
face = relight(face, 1, 50)
elif n % 3 == 2:
face = relight(face, 0.5, 0)
'''
face = relight(face, random.uniform(0.5, 1.5), random.randint(-50, 50))
cv2.imshow('img', face)
cv2.imwrite(out_dir+'/'+str(n)+'.jpg', face)
n+=1
key = cv2.waitKey(30) & 0xff
if key == 27:
break
else:
break
获取其他人脸图片集
需要收集一个其他人脸的图片集,只要不是自己的人脸都可以,可以在网上找到,这里我给出一个我用到的图片集:
网站地址:http://vis-www.cs.umass.edu/lfw/
图片集下载:http://vis-www.cs.umass.edu/lfw/lfw.tgz
先将下载的图片集,解压到项目目录下的input_img目录下,也可以自己指定目录(修改代码中的input_dir变量)
接下来使用dlib来批量识别图片中的人脸部分,并保存到指定目录下
set_other_people.py
# -*- codeing: utf-8 -*-
import sys
import os
import cv2
import dlib
input_dir = './input_img'
output_dir = './other_faces'
size = 64
if not os.path.exists(output_dir):
os.makedirs(output_dir)
#使用dlib自带的frontal_face_detector作为我们的特征提取器
detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector()
index = 1
for (path, dirnames, filenames) in os.walk(input_dir):
for filename in filenames:
if filename.endswith('.jpg'):
print('Being processed picture %s' % index)
img_path = path+'/'+filename
# 从文件读取图片
img = cv2.imread(img_path)
# 转为灰度图片
gray_img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
# 使用detector进行人脸检测 dets为返回的结果
dets = detector(gray_img, 1)
#使用enumerate 函数遍历序列中的元素以及它们的下标
#下标i即为人脸序号
#left:人脸左边距离图片左边界的距离 ;right:人脸右边距离图片左边界的距离
#top:人脸上边距离图片上边界的距离 ;bottom:人脸下边距离图片上边界的距离
for i, d in enumerate(dets):
x1 = d.top() if d.top() > 0 else 0
y1 = d.bottom() if d.bottom() > 0 else 0
x2 = d.left() if d.left() > 0 else 0
y2 = d.right() if d.right() > 0 else 0
# img[y:y+h,x:x+w]
face = img[x1:y1,x2:y2]
# 调整图片的尺寸
face = cv2.resize(face, (size,size))
cv2.imshow('image',face)
# 保存图片
cv2.imwrite(output_dir+'/'+str(index)+'.jpg', face)
index += 1
key = cv2.waitKey(30) & 0xff
if key == 27:
sys.exit(0)
这个项目用到的图片数是10000张左右,如果是自己下载的图片集,控制一下图片的数量避免数量不足,或图片过多带来的内存不够与运行缓慢。
训练模型
有了训练数据之后,通过cnn来训练数据,就可以让她记住我的人脸特征,学习怎么认识我了。
train_faces.py
import tensorflow as tf
import cv2
import numpy as np
import os
import random
import sys
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
my_faces_path = './my_faces'
other_faces_path = './other_faces'
size = 64
imgs = []
labs = []
def getPaddingSize(img):
h, w, _ = img.shape
top, bottom, left, right = (0,0,0,0)
longest = max(h, w)
if w < longest:
tmp = longest - w
# //表示整除符号
left = tmp // 2
right = tmp - left
elif h < longest:
tmp = longest - h
top = tmp // 2
bottom = tmp - top
else:
pass
return top, bottom, left, right
def readData(path , h=size, w=size):
for filename in os.listdir(path):
if filename.endswith('.jpg'):
filename = path + '/' + filename
img = cv2.imread(filename)
top,bottom,left,right = getPaddingSize(img)
# 将图片放大, 扩充图片边缘部分
img = cv2.copyMakeBorder(img, top, bottom, left, right, cv2.BORDER_CONSTANT, value=[0,0,0])
img = cv2.resize(img, (h, w))
imgs.append(img)
labs.append(path)
readData(my_faces_path)
readData(other_faces_path)
# 将图片数据与标签转换成数组
imgs = np.array(imgs)
labs = np.array([[0,1] if lab == my_faces_path else [1,0] for lab in labs])
# 随机划分测试集与训练集
train_x,test_x,train_y,test_y = train_test_split(imgs, labs, test_size=0.05, random_state=random.randint(0,100))
# 参数:图片数据的总数,图片的高、宽、通道
train_x = train_x.reshape(train_x.shape[0], size, size, 3)
test_x = test_x.reshape(test_x.shape[0], size, size, 3)
# 将数据转换成小于1的数
train_x = train_x.astype('float32')/255.0
test_x = test_x.astype('float32')/255.0
print('train size:%s, test size:%s' % (len(train_x), len(test_x)))
# 图片块,每次取100张图片
batch_size = 100
num_batch = len(train_x) // batch_size
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, size, size, 3])
y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, 2])
keep_prob_5 = tf.placeholder(tf.float32)
keep_prob_75 = tf.placeholder(tf.float32)
def weightVariable(shape):
init = tf.random_normal(shape, stddev=0.01)
return tf.Variable(init)
def biasVariable(shape):
init = tf.random_normal(shape)
return tf.Variable(init)
def conv2d(x, W):
return tf.nn.conv2d(x, W, strides=[1,1,1,1], padding='SAME')
def maxPool(x):
return tf.nn.max_pool(x, ksize=[1,2,2,1], strides=[1,2,2,1], padding='SAME')
def dropout(x, keep):
return tf.nn.dropout(x, keep)
def cnnLayer():
# 第一层
W1 = weightVariable([3,3,3,32]) # 卷积核大小(3,3), 输入通道(3), 输出通道(32)
b1 = biasVariable([32])
# 卷积
conv1 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(x, W1) + b1)
# 池化
pool1 = maxPool(conv1)
# 减少过拟合,随机让某些权重不更新
drop1 = dropout(pool1, keep_prob_5)
# 第二层
W2 = weightVariable([3,3,32,64])
b2 = biasVariable([64])
conv2 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(drop1, W2) + b2)
pool2 = maxPool(conv2)
drop2 = dropout(pool2, keep_prob_5)
# 第三层
W3 = weightVariable([3,3,64,64])
b3 = biasVariable([64])
conv3 = tf.nn.relu(conv2d(drop2, W3) + b3)
pool3 = maxPool(conv3)
drop3 = dropout(pool3, keep_prob_5)
# 全连接层
Wf = weightVariable([8*16*32, 512])
bf = biasVariable([512])
drop3_flat = tf.reshape(drop3, [-1, 8*16*32])
dense = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(drop3_flat, Wf) + bf)
dropf = dropout(dense, keep_prob_75)
# 输出层
Wout = weightVariable([512,2])
bout = weightVariable([2])
#out = tf.matmul(dropf, Wout) + bout
out = tf.add(tf.matmul(dropf, Wout), bout)
return out
def cnnTrain():
out = cnnLayer()
cross_entropy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=out, labels=y_))
train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(0.01).minimize(cross_entropy)
# 比较标签是否相等,再求的所有数的平均值,tf.cast(强制转换类型)
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(tf.equal(tf.argmax(out, 1), tf.argmax(y_, 1)), tf.float32))
# 将loss与accuracy保存以供tensorboard使用
tf.summary.scalar('loss', cross_entropy)
tf.summary.scalar('accuracy', accuracy)
merged_summary_op = tf.summary.merge_all()
# 数据保存器的初始化
saver = tf.train.Saver()
with tf.Session() as sess:
sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
summary_writer = tf.summary.FileWriter('./tmp', graph=tf.get_default_graph())
for n in range(10):
# 每次取128(batch_size)张图片
for i in range(num_batch):
batch_x = train_x[i*batch_size : (i+1)*batch_size]
batch_y = train_y[i*batch_size : (i+1)*batch_size]
# 开始训练数据,同时训练三个变量,返回三个数据
_,loss,summary = sess.run([train_step, cross_entropy, merged_summary_op],
feed_dict={x:batch_x,y_:batch_y, keep_prob_5:0.5,keep_prob_75:0.75})
summary_writer.add_summary(summary, n*num_batch+i)
# 打印损失
print(n*num_batch+i, loss)
if (n*num_batch+i) % 100 == 0:
# 获取测试数据的准确率
acc = accuracy.eval({x:test_x, y_:test_y, keep_prob_5:1.0, keep_prob_75:1.0})
print(n*num_batch+i, acc)
# 准确率大于0.98时保存并退出
if acc > 0.98 and n > 2:
saver.save(sess, './train_faces.model', global_step=n*num_batch+i)
sys.exit(0)
print('accuracy less 0.98, exited!')
cnnTrain()
训练之后的数据会保存在当前目录下。
使用模型进行识别
最后就是让她认识我了,很简单,只要运行程序,让摄像头拍到我的脸,她就可以轻松地识别出是不是我了。
is_my_face.py
output = cnnLayer()
predict = tf.argmax(output, 1)
saver = tf.train.Saver()
sess = tf.Session()
saver.restore(sess, tf.train.latest_checkpoint('.'))
def is_my_face(image):
res = sess.run(predict, feed_dict={x: [image/255.0], keep_prob_5:1.0, keep_prob_75: 1.0})
if res[0] == 1:
return True
else:
return False
#使用dlib自带的frontal_face_detector作为我们的特征提取器
detector = dlib.get_frontal_face_detector()
cam = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
while True:
_, img = cam.read()
gray_image = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
dets = detector(gray_image, 1)
if not len(dets):
#print('Can`t get face.')
cv2.imshow('img', img)
key = cv2.waitKey(30) & 0xff
if key == 27:
sys.exit(0)
for i, d in enumerate(dets):
x1 = d.top() if d.top() > 0 else 0
y1 = d.bottom() if d.bottom() > 0 else 0
x2 = d.left() if d.left() > 0 else 0
y2 = d.right() if d.right() > 0 else 0
face = img[x1:y1,x2:y2]
# 调整图片的尺寸
face = cv2.resize(face, (size,size))
print('Is this my face? %s' % is_my_face(face))
cv2.rectangle(img, (x2,x1),(y2,y1), (255,0,0),3)
cv2.imshow('image',img)
key = cv2.waitKey(30) & 0xff
if key == 27:
sys.exit(0)
sess.close()