sizzle源码分析 （4）sizzle 技术总结及值得我们学习的地方

分析sizzle源码并不是为了去钻牛角尖，而是去了解它的思想，学习下期中一些技术的运用。

1，sizzle中的正则表达式
jquery源码中充斥着各种正则表达式，能否看懂其源码的关键之一就是对正则表达式的理解。
RegExp对象的exec方法：返回一个数组，第一个是匹配项，后边依次是分组匹配项，如果分组匹配不成功，则为undefined。而且还返回属性index(匹配项起始index),input(要验证的字符串)
比如：

var r=/^(d{1})s((w?)|(d{1}))$/.exec("2 ")
r=["2 ", "2", "", "", undefined];
r.index=0
r.input="2 "

了解了这个方法后，来具体分析下期中的正则表达式。

匹配空白 水平制表符 回车 换行 换页

whitespace = "[\x20\t\r\n\f]"

说明：对于字符串需要双重转义。x20是空白符， 水平制表符， 回车, 换行，f换页

characterEncoding = "(?:\\.|[\w-]|[^\x00-\xa0])+"

说明：?: 非捕获性分组,不会创建反向引用的分组，即不会放在exec结果集中。\.匹配加任意字符；[w-]匹配[a-zA-Z0-9_]或-；[^\x00-\xa0]表示ISO 10646 characters 161 and higher

attributes = "\[" + whitespace + "*(" + characterEncoding + ")" + whitespace +"*(?:([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace + "*(?:(['"])((?:\\.|[^\\])*?)\3|(" + identifier + ")|)|)" + whitespace + "*\]"

说明:3反向引用第三个匹配项。此正则用来匹配属性 例如：[a="b"] [a=b] [a|='er']

rtrim=/^[x20	
f]+|((?:^|[^\])(?:\.)*)[x20	
f]+$/g

说明：匹配首位字符串

rcomma=/^[x20	
f]*,[x20	
f]*/

说明：匹配是否为逗号分隔

rcombinators=/^[x20	
f]*([>+~]|[x20	
f])[x20	
f]*/

说明：匹配是否是关系符

rsibling=/[x20	
f]*[+~]/

说明：兄弟节点标示符

rattributeQuotes=/=[x20	
f]*([^]'"]*)[x20	
f]*]/g

说明：属性的value

rpseudo=/:((?:\.|[w-]|[^x00-xa0])+)(?:(((['"])((?:\.|[^\])*?)3|((?:\.|[^\()[]]|[[x20	
f]*((?:\.|[w-]|[^x00-xa0])+)[x20	
f]*(?:([*^$|!~]?=)[x20	
f]*(?:(['"])((?:\.|[^\])*?)8|((?:\.|[w#-]|[^x00-xa0])+)|)|)[x20	
f]*])*)|.*))|)/

说明:伪类选择器

matchExpr={
ATTR: /^[[x20	
f]*((?:\.|[w-]|[^x00-xa0])+)[x20	
f]*(?:([*^$|!~]?=)[x20	
f]*(?:(['"])((?:\.|[^\])*?)3|((?:\.|[w#-]|[^x00-xa0])+)|)|)[x20	
f]*]/,

CHILD: /^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:([x20	
f]*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(d*)n|)[x20	
f]*(?:([+-]|)[x20	
f]*(d+)|))[x20	
f]*)|)/i,

CLASS: /^.((?:\.|[w-]|[^x00-xa0])+)/,

ID: /^#((?:\.|[w-]|[^x00-xa0])+)/,

PSEUDO: /^:((?:\.|[w-]|[^x00-xa0])+)(?:(((['"])((?:\.|[^\])*?)3|((?:\.|[^\()[]]|[[x20	
f]*((?:\.|[w-]|[^x00-xa0])+)[x20	
f]*(?:([*^$|!~]?=)[x20	
f]*(?:(['"])((?:\.|[^\])*?)8|((?:\.|[w#-]|[^x00-xa0])+)|)|)[x20	
f]*])*)|.*))|)/,

TAG: /^((?:\.|[w*-]|[^x00-xa0])+)/,

bool: /^(?:checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped)$/i,

needsContext: /^[x20	
f]*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:([x20	
f]*((?:-d)?d*)[x20	
f]*)|)(?=[^-]|$)/i
}

说明：matchExpr是各种正则的集合对象

rnative=/^[^{]+{s*[native w/

说明：用来判断是否是浏览器本地对象方法或属性

runescape=/\([da-f]{1,6}[x20	
f]?|([x20	
f])|.)/gi

说明：匹配16进制字符

funescape = function( _, escaped, escapedWhitespace ) {//_代表整个匹配项，escaped代表第一个匹配项，escapedWhitespace代表第二个分组匹配项，即空白匹配项
var high = "0x" + escaped - 0x10000;
// NaN means non-codepoint
// Support: Firefox
// Workaround erroneous numeric interpretation of +"0x"
return high !== high || escapedWhitespace ?
escaped :
// BMP codepoint
high < 0 ?
String.fromCharCode( high + 0x10000 ) :
// Supplemental Plane codepoint (surrogate pair)
String.fromCharCode( high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00 );
};

说明:解码函数，与runescape联合使用

2，sizzle中的几个函数也值得我们学习，它们给我们了一种运用思路

function assert( fn ) {
    var div = document.createElement("div");

    try {
        return !!fn( div );
    } catch (e) {
        return false;
    } finally {
        // Remove from its parent by default
        if ( div.parentNode ) {
            div.parentNode.removeChild( div );
        }
        // release memory in IE
        div = null;
    }
}

说明：断言函数，用来判断某些条件是否成立，比如有没有某个属性，方法，比如：

support.attributes = assert(function( div ) {
        div.className = "i";
        return !div.getAttribute("className");
    });

用来判断是否支持getAttribute方法。

再看elementMatcher函数：

//将之前的匹配函数综合成一个匹配函数
function elementMatcher( matchers ) {
    return matchers.length > 1 ?
        function( elem, context, xml ) {
            var i = matchers.length;
            while ( i-- ) {
                if ( !matchers[i]( elem, context, xml ) ) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return true;
        } :
        matchers[0];
}

matchers是一个函数数组，此方法可以把数组的多个函数合并成一个函数。

再来看看matcherFromGroupMatchers函数：

function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) {
    var matcherCachedRuns = 0,
        bySet = setMatchers.length > 0,
        byElement = elementMatchers.length > 0,
        //最终运行的匹配函数:
        superMatcher = function( seed, context, xml, results, expandContext ) {
            var elem, j, matcher,
                setMatched = [],
                matchedCount = 0,
                i = "0",
                unmatched = seed && [],
                outermost = expandContext != null,
                contextBackup = outermostContext,
                // We must always have either seed elements or context
                elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find["TAG"]( "*", expandContext && context.parentNode || context ),
                // Use integer dirruns iff this is the outermost matcher
                dirrunsUnique = (dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1);

            if ( outermost ) {
                outermostContext = context !== document && context;
                cachedruns = matcherCachedRuns;
            }

            // Add elements passing elementMatchers directly to results
            // Keep `i` a string if there are no elements so `matchedCount` will be "00" below
            for ( ; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++ ) {
                if ( byElement && elem ) {
                    j = 0;
                    while ( (matcher = elementMatchers[j++]) ) {
                        if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) {
                            results.push( elem );
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    if ( outermost ) {
                        dirruns = dirrunsUnique;
                        cachedruns = ++matcherCachedRuns;
                    }
                }

                // Track unmatched elements for set filters
                if ( bySet ) {
                    // They will have gone through all possible matchers
                    if ( (elem = !matcher && elem) ) {
                        matchedCount--;
                    }

                    // Lengthen the array for every element, matched or not
                    if ( seed ) {
                        unmatched.push( elem );
                    }
                }
            }

            // Apply set filters to unmatched elements
            matchedCount += i;
            if ( bySet && i !== matchedCount ) {
                j = 0;
                while ( (matcher = setMatchers[j++]) ) {
                    matcher( unmatched, setMatched, context, xml );//这里开始调用matcher 即：
                }

                if ( seed ) {
                    // Reintegrate element matches to eliminate the need for sorting
                    if ( matchedCount > 0 ) {
                        while ( i-- ) {
                            if ( !(unmatched[i] || setMatched[i]) ) {
                                setMatched[i] = pop.call( results );
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    // Discard index placeholder values to get only actual matches
                    setMatched = condense( setMatched );
                }

                // Add matches to results
                push.apply( results, setMatched );

                // Seedless set matches succeeding multiple successful matchers stipulate sorting
                if ( outermost && !seed && setMatched.length > 0 &&
                    ( matchedCount + setMatchers.length ) > 1 ) {

                    Sizzle.uniqueSort( results );
                }
            }

            // Override manipulation of globals by nested matchers
            if ( outermost ) {
                dirruns = dirrunsUnique;
                outermostContext = contextBackup;
            }

            return unmatched;
        };

    return bySet ?
        markFunction( superMatcher ) :
        superMatcher;
}

 此函数通过闭包原理，返回终极匹配器superMatcher

在sizzle中，闭包的运用还有setMatcher

//第1个参数，preFilter，前置过滤器，相当于“div”过滤器
//第2个参数，selector，前置过滤器的字符串格式，相当于“div”input:checked + p
//第3个参数，matcher，当前位置伪类“:first”的匹配器/过滤器
//第4个参数，postFilter，后置过滤器，相当于“ ”
//第5个参数，postFinder，后置搜索器，相当于在前边过滤出来的集合里边再搜索剩下的规则的一个搜索器
//第6个参数，postSelector，后置搜索器对应的选择器字符串，相当于“input:checked + p”
//伪类选择器时会执行这个函数
function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postSelector ) {
    if ( postFilter && !postFilter[ expando ] ) {
        postFilter = setMatcher( postFilter );
    }
    if ( postFinder && !postFinder[ expando ] ) {
        postFinder = setMatcher( postFinder, postSelector );
    }
    return markFunction(function( seed, results, context, xml ) {
        var temp, i, elem,
            preMap = [],
            postMap = [],
            preexisting = results.length,

            // Get initial elements from seed or context
            /*
            如果执行$("ul.list>li span:eq(1)")时:则会调用multipleContexts来递归sizzle
            递归后就得到elems为两个span啦
            */
            elems = seed || multipleContexts( selector || "*", context.nodeType ? [ context ] : context, [] ),

            // Prefilter to get matcher input, preserving a map for seed-results synchronization
            /*这里matcherIn就是两个span啦*/
            matcherIn = preFilter && ( seed || !selector ) ?
                condense( elems, preMap, preFilter, context, xml ) :
                elems,

            matcherOut = matcher ?
                // If we have a postFinder, or filtered seed, or non-seed postFilter or preexisting results,
                postFinder || ( seed ? preFilter : preexisting || postFilter ) ?

                    // ...intermediate processing is necessary
                    [] :

                    // ...otherwise use results directly
                    results :
                matcherIn;

        // Find primary matches
        if ( matcher ) {
            matcher( matcherIn, matcherOut, context, xml );
        }

        // Apply postFilter
        if ( postFilter ) {
            temp = condense( matcherOut, postMap );
            postFilter( temp, [], context, xml );

            // Un-match failing elements by moving them back to matcherIn
            i = temp.length;
            while ( i-- ) {
                if ( (elem = temp[i]) ) {
                    matcherOut[ postMap[i] ] = !(matcherIn[ postMap[i] ] = elem);
                }
            }
        }

        if ( seed ) {
            if ( postFinder || preFilter ) {
                if ( postFinder ) {
                    // Get the final matcherOut by condensing this intermediate into postFinder contexts
                    temp = [];
                    i = matcherOut.length;
                    while ( i-- ) {
                        if ( (elem = matcherOut[i]) ) {
                            // Restore matcherIn since elem is not yet a final match
                            temp.push( (matcherIn[i] = elem) );
                        }
                    }
                    postFinder( null, (matcherOut = []), temp, xml );
                }

                // Move matched elements from seed to results to keep them synchronized
                i = matcherOut.length;
                while ( i-- ) {
                    if ( (elem = matcherOut[i]) &&
                        (temp = postFinder ? indexOf.call( seed, elem ) : preMap[i]) > -1 ) {

                        seed[temp] = !(results[temp] = elem);
                    }
                }
            }

        // Add elements to results, through postFinder if defined
        } else {
            matcherOut = condense(
                matcherOut === results ?
                    matcherOut.splice( preexisting, matcherOut.length ) :
                    matcherOut
            );
            if ( postFinder ) {
                postFinder( null, results, matcherOut, xml );
            } else {
                push.apply( results, matcherOut );
            }
        }
    });
}

这样做的好处是保证了每个匹配词的处理函数的当前执行上下文，以便后边调用。