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Excel导入导出

由于项目中经常需要进行数据的导入和导出。所以研究下Excel的导入导出技术并作出整理。采用的是Apache POI 对Excel的支持。

Apache POI 是创建和维护操作各种符合Office Open XML（OOXML）标准和微软的OLE 2复合文档格式（OLE2）的Java API。用它可以使用Java读取和创建,修改MS Excel文件.而且,还可以使用Java读取和创建MS Word和MSPowerPoint文件。Apache POI 提供Java操作Excel解决方案（适用于Excel97-2008）。

其中 HSSF －提供读写Microsoft Excel XLS格式档案的功能 。XSSF －提供读写Microsoft Excel OOXML XLSX格式档案的功能。

网上搜索资料并进行了修改封装：

1、ExcelBeanUtils.java 工具类

 1 /**
 2  * <p>Excel导入数据时进行bean的复制</p>
 3  * -为Date类型注册类型转换器
 4  * @version V1.0
 5  */
 6 public class ExcelBeanUtils extends  org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils{
 7     
 8     private static final String CONTEXT_KEY_FORMAT_DATE_VALUE = "yyyy-MM-dd";
 9     private static final String CONTEXT_KEY_FORMAT_DATETIME_VALUE = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
10     private static final String CONTEXT_KEY_FORMAT_TIME_VALUE = "HH:mm:ss";
11     
12     static {
13         DateConverter dateConverter = new DateConverter(null);  
14         dateConverter.setUseLocaleFormat(true);  
15         dateConverter.setPatterns(new String[]{CONTEXT_KEY_FORMAT_DATE_VALUE, CONTEXT_KEY_FORMAT_DATETIME_VALUE, CONTEXT_KEY_FORMAT_TIME_VALUE});  
16         ConvertUtils.register(dateConverter, Date.class);  
17     }
18     
19     public static class DateConverter extends DateTimeConverter {  
20           
21         public DateConverter() { 
22        
23         }  
24        
25         public DateConverter(Object defaultValue) {  
26             super(defaultValue);  
27         }  
28       
29         @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")  
30         protected Class getDefaultType() {  
31             return Date.class;  
32         }  
33       
34         @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")  
35         @Override  
36         protected Object convertToType(Class type, Object obj) throws Exception {  
37             if (obj == null) {  
38                 return null;  
39             }  
40             String value = obj.toString().trim();  
41             if (value.length() == 0) {  
42                 return null;  
43             }  
44             return super.convertToType(type, obj);  
45         }  
46     }  
47     
48     public static void populateBean(Object bean, Map<?, ?> properties) throws IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException{
49         populate(bean, properties);
50     }
51 }

　　2、ExcelColumn.java 表头信息和ExcelHead.java列信息

 1 /**
 2  * <p>Excel列信息</p>
 3  * @author maxianming 2016-1-21 上午10:40:42
 4  * @version V1.0
 5  */
 6 public class ExcelColumn {
 7     /**
 8      * 列索引
 9      */
10     private Integer index;
11     /**
12      * 实际字段名称
13      */
14     private String fieldName;
15     /**
16      * 表格中的显示名称
17      */
18     private String fieldDispName;
19     /**
20      * 字段类型。数字类型还是日期等
21      */
22     private Integer type;
23     
24     public ExcelColumn() {
25 
26     }
27 
28     public ExcelColumn(int index, String fieldName, String fieldDispName) {
29         this.index = index;
30         this.fieldName = fieldName;
31         this.fieldDispName = fieldDispName;
32     }
33 
34     public ExcelColumn(int index, String fieldName, String fieldDispName, int type) {
35         this.index = index;
36         this.fieldName = fieldName;
37         this.fieldDispName = fieldDispName;
38         this.type = type;
39     }
40 
41     public Integer getIndex() {
42         return index;
43     }
44     
45     public void setIndex(Integer index) {
46         this.index = index;
47     }
48 
49     public String getFieldName() {
50         return fieldName;
51     }
52 
53     public void setFieldName(String fieldName) {
54         this.fieldName = fieldName;
55     }
56 
57     public String getFieldDispName() {
58         return fieldDispName;
59     }
60 
61     public void setFieldDispName(String fieldDispName) {
62         this.fieldDispName = fieldDispName;
63     }
64     
65     public Integer getType() {
66         return type;
67     }
68     
69     public void setType(Integer type) {
70         this.type = type;
71     }
72     
73 }

ExcelHead.java 表头信息

 1 public class ExcelHead {
 2 
 3     /**
 4      * 列信息
 5      */
 6     private List<ExcelColumn> columns;
 7 
 8     /**
 9      * 需要转换的列
10      */
11     private Map<String, Map<?, ?>> columnsConvertMap;
12 
13     /**
14      * 头部所占用的行数
15      */
16     private int rowCount;
17 
18     /**
19      * 头部所占用的列数
20      */
21     private int columnCount;
22 
23     public List<ExcelColumn> getColumns() {
24         return columns;
25     }
26 
27     public int getRowCount() {
28         return rowCount;
29     }
30 
31     public int getColumnCount() {
32         return columnCount;
33     }
34 
35     public void setColumns(List<ExcelColumn> columns) {
36         this.columns = columns;
37     }
38 
39     public void setRowCount(int rowCount) {
40         this.rowCount = rowCount;
41     }
42 
43     public void setColumnCount(int columnCount) {
44         this.columnCount = columnCount;
45     }
46 
47     public Map<String, Map<?, ?>> getColumnsConvertMap() {
48         return columnsConvertMap;
49     }
50 
51     public void setColumnsConvertMap(Map<String, Map<?, ?>> columnsConvertMap) {
52         this.columnsConvertMap = columnsConvertMap;
53     }
54 
55     @Override
56     public String toString() {
57         return "ExcelHead [columnCount=" + columnCount + ", columns=" + columns
58                 + ", columnsConvertMap=" + columnsConvertMap + ", rowCount="
59                 + rowCount + "]";
60     }
61 
62 }

3、ExcelHelper.java 导入导出的工具类（借鉴网上他人代码）采用泛型方式可直接导入相应对象类型的数据

  8 package com.hikvision.finance.isms.common.excel;
  9 
 10 import java.io.File;
 11 import java.io.FileInputStream;
 12 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 13 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
 14 import java.io.InputStream;
 15 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 16 import java.math.BigDecimal;
 17 import java.util.ArrayList;
 18 import java.util.Date;
 19 import java.util.HashMap;
 20 import java.util.List;
 21 import java.util.Map;
 22 
 23 import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
 24 import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.exceptions.InvalidFormatException;
 25 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell;
 26 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.DateUtil;
 27 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row;
 28 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet;
 29 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook;
 30 
 31 import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
 32 import com.hikvision.finance.core.util.BeanUtils;
 33 import com.hikvision.finance.core.util.DateUtils;
 34 import com.hikvision.finance.fwork.exception.ExpectedException;
 35 import com.hikvision.finance.isms.common.excel.model.ExcelColumn;
 36 import com.hikvision.finance.isms.common.excel.model.ExcelHead;
 37 import com.hikvision.finance.isms.common.excel.utils.ExcelBeanUtils;
 38 import com.hikvision.finance.isms.common.excel.utils.ExcelUtils;
 39 
 40 /**
 41  * <p>导入、导出的Excel帮助类</p>
 42  * -导入数据到相关泛型对象T中
 43  * @author maxianming 2016-1-21 下午12:14:35
 44  * @version V1.0
 45  */
 46 public class ExcelHelper<T> {
 47     
 48     private IPoiExcelOperation excelOperation;
 49 
 50     public IPoiExcelOperation getExcelOperation() {
 51         return excelOperation;
 52     }
 53 
 54     public void setExcelOperation(IPoiExcelOperation excelOperation) {
 55         this.excelOperation = excelOperation;
 56     }
 57     
 58     public ExcelHelper(IPoiExcelOperation excelOperation){
 59         this.excelOperation = excelOperation;
 60     }
 61     /**
 62      * <p>将excel中数据导入到list中</p>
 63      * 文件读取失败会抛出ExpectedException
 64      * @author maxianming 2016-1-21 下午12:21:24
 65      * @param head 文件头信息
 66      * @param file 导入的数据源
 67      * @param cls 保存当前数据的对象
 68      * @return
 69      */
 70     public List<T> importToObjectList(ExcelHead head, File file, Class<T> cls) {
 71         List<T> contents = null;
 72         FileInputStream fis;
 73         List<List<?>> rows = null;   // 根据excel 每行  生成list类型的数据
 74         try {
 75             fis = new FileInputStream(file);
 76             rows = excelFileConvertToList(fis);
 77         } catch (Exception ex) {
 78             ex.printStackTrace();
 79             throw new ExpectedException("","读取文件失败");
 80         }
 81         // 1.删除头信息
 82         if(rows != null){
 83             for (int i = 0; i < head.getRowCount(); i++) {
 84                 rows.remove(0);
 85             }
 86         }
 87         // 2.将表结构转换成Map
 88         Map<Integer, String> excelHeadMap = convertExcelHeadToMap(head.getColumns());
 89         // 3.构建为对象
 90         contents = buildDataObject(excelHeadMap, head.getColumnsConvertMap(), rows, cls);
 91         return contents;
 92     }
 93     
 94     /**
 95      * 将Excel文件内容转换为List对象
 96      * @author maxianming 2016-1-20 下午6:15:05
 97      * @param fis excel文件
 98      * @return List<List> list存放形式的内容 
 99      * @throws Exception
100      */
101     public List<List<?>> excelFileConvertToList(FileInputStream fis) throws Exception{
102          Workbook wb = this.excelOperation.readExcel(fis);
103          Sheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
104          List<List<?>> rows = new ArrayList<List<?>>();
105          if(sheet != null){
106              for (Row row : sheet) {
107                  if(!ExcelUtils.isBlankRow(row)){
108                      List<Object> cells = new ArrayList<Object>();
109                      for (Cell cell : row) {
110                          Object obj = null;
111                          obj = this.getValue(cell);
112                          cells.add(obj);
113                      }
114                      rows.add(cells);
115                  }
116              }
117          }
118          return rows;
119     }
120     /**
121      * <p>将Excel中的数据类型进行转换</P>
122      * @author maxianming 2016-1-21 下午6:27:54
123      * @param cell
124      * @return
125      */
126      private Object getValue(Cell cell) {
127             Object value = null;
128             if(cell != null){
129                switch (cell.getCellType()) {
130                 case Cell.CELL_TYPE_STRING:
131                     value = cell.getRichStringCellValue().getString();
132                     break;
133                 case Cell.CELL_TYPE_NUMERIC:
134                     if (DateUtil.isCellDateFormatted(cell)) {
135                         value = cell.getDateCellValue();
136                     } else {
137                          BigDecimal big = new BigDecimal(cell.getNumericCellValue());  
138                          String strValue = big.toString();  
139                          // 解决1234.0  去掉后面的.0  
140                          if(null != strValue && !"".equals(strValue.trim())){  
141                               String[] item = strValue.split("[.]");  
142                               if(1 < item.length && "0".equals(item[1])){  
143                                   strValue = item[0];  
144                               }  
145                          };
146                          value = strValue;
147                     }
148                     break;
149                 case Cell.CELL_TYPE_BOOLEAN:
150                     value = cell.getBooleanCellValue();
151                     break;
152                 case Cell.CELL_TYPE_FORMULA:  
153                     value = String.valueOf(cell.getNumericCellValue());  //读公式计算值  
154                     if (value.equals("NaN")) {                          // 如果获取的数据值为非法值,则转换为获取字符串  
155                         value = cell.getStringCellValue().toString();  
156                     }  
157                     break;
158                 default:
159                     value = null;
160                   }
161               }
162              return value;
163       }
164 
165      /**
166       * <p>将报表结构转换成Map</p>
167       * @author maxianming 2016-1-22 下午2:43:01
168       * @param excelColumns
169       * @return
170       */
171      private Map<Integer, String> convertExcelHeadToMap(List<ExcelColumn> excelColumns) {
172         Map<Integer, String> excelHeadMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>();
173         for (ExcelColumn excelColumn : excelColumns) {
174             if(StringUtils.isNotEmpty(excelColumn.getFieldName())) {
175                 excelHeadMap.put(excelColumn.getIndex(), excelColumn.getFieldName());
176             }
177         }
178         return excelHeadMap;
179     }
180 
181     /**
182      * <p>根据Excel生成数据对象</P>
183      * @author maxianming 2016-1-21 下午1:42:22
184      * @param excelHeadMap 表头信息
185      * @param excelHeadConvertMap 需要特殊转换的单元
186      * @param rows   Excel文件中数据的List对象
187      * @param cls    转换为的对象
188      * @return
189      */
190     private List<T> buildDataObject(Map<Integer, String> excelHeadMap, Map<String, Map<?, ?>> excelHeadConvertMap, List<List<?>> rows, Class<T> cls) {
191        List<T> contents = Lists.newArrayList();
192        for (List<?> list : rows) {
193            // 1.如果当前第一列中无数据,则忽略当前行的数据
194            if(list == null || list.get(0) == null) {
195                break;
196            }
197            // 2.当前行的数据放入map中,生成<fieldName, value>的形式
198            Map<String, Object> rowMap = rowListToMap(excelHeadMap, excelHeadConvertMap, list);
199            // 3.将当前行转换成对应的对象
200            T obj = null;
201            try {
202                
203                obj = cls.newInstance();
204            } catch (InstantiationException ex) {
205                ex.printStackTrace();
206            } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
207                ex.printStackTrace();
208            }
209            
210            try {
211                ExcelBeanUtils.populateBean(obj, rowMap);
212            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
213                 e.printStackTrace();
214                 throw new ExpectedException("","导入文件内容有误!");
215            } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
216                 e.printStackTrace();
217                 throw new ExpectedException("","导入文件内容有误!");
218            }
219     
220            contents.add(obj);
221        }
222        return contents;
223     }
224     /**
225      * <p>将行转行成map,生成<fieldName, value>的形式</p>
226      * @author maxianming 2016-1-21 下午1:46:57
227      * @param excelHeadMap          表头信息
228      * @param excelHeadConvertMap  需要转换的信息
229      * @param list     excel中的数据
230      * @throws ExpectedException 当导入文件不是按模板定义好的格式时，抛出异常。
231      * @return
232      */
233     private Map<String, Object> rowListToMap(Map<Integer, String> excelHeadMap, Map<String, Map<?, ?>> excelHeadConvertMap, List<?> list) {
234         Map<String, Object> rowMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
235         if(excelHeadMap.size() > list.size()){
236             throw new ExpectedException("", "导入文件的内容格式有误!");
237         }
238         for(int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
239             String fieldName =  excelHeadMap.get(i);
240             if(fieldName != null) {
241                 // 得到一行数据中每个单元格的value
242                 Object value = list.get(i);
243                 if(excelHeadConvertMap != null && excelHeadConvertMap.get(fieldName) != null) {
244                     value = excelHeadConvertMap.get(fieldName).get(value);
245                 }
246                 rowMap.put(fieldName, value);
247             }
248         }
249         return rowMap;
250      }
251     
252   /*--------------------------------导出功能还未完善-----------------------------------*/
253     
254     /**
255      * 导出数据至Excel文件
256      * @author maxianming 2016-1-20 下午6:41:30
257      * @param head         报表头信息
258      * @param modelFile    导出文件
259      * @param outputFile   导出文件
260      * @param dataList     导入excel报表的数据来源
261      */
262     public void exportExcelFile(ExcelHead head, File modelFile, File outputFile, List<?> dataList) {
263         InputStream inp = null;
264         Workbook wb = null;
265         try {
266              // 1.读取导出excel模板
267             inp = new FileInputStream(modelFile);
268             wb = this.excelOperation.readExcel(inp);
269             Sheet sheet = wb.getSheetAt(0);
270             //  2.生成导出数据
271             buildExcelData(sheet, head, dataList);
272     
273             //  3.导出到文件中
274             FileOutputStream fileOut = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
275             wb.write(fileOut);
276             fileOut.close();
277         } catch (FileNotFoundException ex) {
278             ex.printStackTrace();
279         } catch (InvalidFormatException ex) {
280             ex.printStackTrace();
281         } catch (Exception ex) {
282             ex.printStackTrace();
283         }
284     }
285     /**
286      * <p>生成导出至Excel文件的数据</p>
287      * @author maxianming 2016-1-22 下午2:45:45
288      * @param sheet  工作区间
289      * @param head   excel表头
290      * @param dataList  导入excel报表的数据来源
291      */
292     private void buildExcelData(Sheet sheet, ExcelHead head, List<?> dataList) {
293         List<ExcelColumn> excelColumns = head.getColumns(); 
294         Map<String, Map<?, ?>> excelHeadConvertMap = head.getColumnsConvertMap();
295         // 1.将表结构转换成Map
296         Map<Integer, String> excelHeadMap = convertExcelHeadToMap(excelColumns);
297         // 2.从第几行开始插入数据
298         int startRow = head.getRowCount();
299         int order = 1;
300         for (Object obj : dataList) {
301             Row row = sheet.createRow(startRow++);
302             for (int j = 0; j < excelColumns.size(); j++) {
303                 Cell cell = row.createCell(j);
304                 cell.setCellType(excelColumns.get(j).getType());
305                 String fieldName = excelHeadMap.get(j);
306                 if(fieldName != null) {
307                     Object valueObject = null;
308                     try {
309                         valueObject = BeanUtils.getProperty(obj, fieldName);
310                     } catch (Exception e){
311                         e.printStackTrace();
312                     }
313                     /*
314                      *  如果存在需要转换的字段信息，则进行转换
315                      */
316                     if(excelHeadConvertMap != null && excelHeadConvertMap.get(fieldName) != null) {
317                         valueObject = excelHeadConvertMap.get(fieldName).get(valueObject);
318                     }
319 
320                     if(valueObject == null) {
321                         cell.setCellValue("");
322                     } else if (valueObject instanceof Integer) {
323                         cell.setCellValue((Integer)valueObject);
324                     } else if (valueObject instanceof String) {
325                         cell.setCellValue((String)valueObject);
326                     } else if (valueObject instanceof Date) {
327                         cell.setCellValue(DateUtils.getStringDateTime((Date)valueObject));
328                     } else {  
329                         cell.setCellValue(valueObject.toString());
330                     }
331                 } else {
332                     cell.setCellValue(order++);
333                 }
334             }
335         }
336     }
337 
338 }

　　4、ExcelHelper.java 工厂化方法按Excel格式产生特定的Excel导入导出工具

 1 **
 2  * <p>产生一个ExcelHelper工具类</p>
 3  * @author maxianming 2016-1-22 下午4:28:35
 4  * @version V1.0
 5  */
 6 public class ExcelHelperFactory {
 7     /**
 8      * <p>根据后缀名类型产生一个ExcelHelper类</p>
 9      * @author maxianming 2016-1-22 下午4:30:41
10      * @param cls
11      */
12     public static <T> ExcelHelper<T> createExcelHelper(String fileName){
13         ExcelHelper<T> excelHelper = null;
14         if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(fileName)){
15             String type = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(".") + 1);
16             if("xls".equals(type)){
17                  excelHelper = new ExcelHelper<T>(new HSSFExcel());
18             } else if("xlsx".equals(type)){
19                  excelHelper = new ExcelHelper<T>(new XSSFExcel());
20             } else{
21                 throw new ExpectedException("","不支持Excel文件的扩展名【" + type +"】");
22             }
23         }
24         return excelHelper;
25     }
26 }

最后实际应用例子：

// 1、Excel中每一行的信息

            List<ExcelColumn> excelColumns = Lists.newArrayList();
           excelColumns.add(new ExcelColumn(0, "strName", "机构名称"));
           excelColumns.add(new ExcelColumn(1, "nlevel","机构级别"));
           excelColumns.add(new ExcelColumn(2, "strCode", "机构号"));
           excelColumns.add(new ExcelColumn(3, "strAddress","机构地址"));
           excelColumns.add(new ExcelColumn(4, "parentOrg", "上级机构"));

           // 2、机构级别中显示的名称-数据库中整数
           Map<String, Integer> levelMap = new HashMap<String, Integer>(){
               {
                   put("总行", 0);    put("一级分行", 1); put("二级分行", 2);
                   put("直属支行", 3); put("支行", 4); put("办事处", 5);
                   put("经营支行", 6); put("分理处", 7); put("储蓄所",8);
               }
           };

           // 3、excel中显示的信息转换为数据库中的值
           Map<String, Map<?, ?>> excelColumnsConvertMap = Maps.newHashMap();
           excelColumnsConvertMap.put("nlevel", levelMap);

           // 4、组装excel信息
           ExcelHead excelHead = new ExcelHead();
           excelHead.setColumnCount(2);
           excelHead.setColumns(excelColumns);
           excelHead.setColumnsConvertMap(excelColumnsConvertMap);

// 5、Excel导入类使用

           List<OrganizationDto> orgs = Lists.newArrayList();
           ExcelHelper<OrganizationDto> excelHelper = ExcelHelperFactory.createExcelHelper(fileName);
           orgs = excelHelper.importToObjectList(excelHead, orgFile, OrganizationDto.class);

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/mxmbk/p/5202758.html