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  • python sqlalchemy 进行 mysql 数据库操作

    1. 进行mysql数据库的创建,如果已经存在,就相当于进行数据库的连接操作

    from sqlalchemy import create_engine 
    from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base 
    from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Date 
    from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker 
    
    
    # 创建连接
    engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:123456@localhost/oldboydb',
                           encoding='utf-8')
    
    Base = declarative_base()  # 生成orm基类
    
    class User(Base): 
          __tablename__ = 'user'   # table的名字
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)  # 创建id属性
        name = Column(String(32))  # 创建name属性
        password = Column(String(64)) # 创建密码属性
    
        def __repr__(self):  # 用于进行查找时的数据返回
            return '<%s name :%s>' %(self.id, self.name)
    Base.metadata.create_all(engine) # 进行指令的调用,即生成table 
    
    

    2. 进行数据的查询,包括条件查询和多条件查询

    from sqlalchemy import create_engine
    from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
    from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Date
    from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
    
    
    # 创建连接
    engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:123456@localhost/oldboydb',
                           encoding='utf-8')
    
    Base = declarative_base()  # 生成orm基类
    
    class User(Base):  # User继承了上述的操作
    
        __tablename__ = 'student_user'
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        name = Column(String(32))
        password = Column(String(64))
    
        def __repr__(self): # 返回查询到的信息
            return '<id: %s name: %s password: %s>' %(self.id, self.name, self.password)
    
    # 执行上述的操作
    Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
    Session_class = sessionmaker(bind=engine)  # 进行数据库的连接
    Session = Session_class() # 生成session 实例
    
    # 进行数据查询 .all()输出所有的检索结果,.first() 输出第一条的结果
    data = Session.query(User).filter_by(name='alex').first()
    print(data)
    data = Session.query(User).filter(User.name == 'rain').first()
    print(data)
    
    # 多条件查询
    data = Session.query(User).filter(User.name=='rain').filter(User.id > 1).first()
    print(data)

    3. 进行用户属性的修改

    # 进行数据的条件修改
    data = Session.query(User).filter(User.name=='rain').first() # 查找出数据的类
    data.name = 'Tom' # 对类属性进行修改
    Session.commit() # 结果的提交
    print(data.id) # 打印查找结果的id信息

    4. 添加新的用户信息

    fake_user = User(name='Jack', password='123456')  # 设置用户的名字和密码
    Session.add(fake_user) # 将数据添加到表内

    5. 进行用户信息的删除

    data = Session.query(User).filter(User.name=='Jack').first()  # 查找用户信息
    Session.delete(data)  # 删除用户 
    Session.commit() # 提交结果

    6. 数据的回滚操作

    data = Session.query(User).filter(User.name=='Jack').first() # 查找符合条件的数据
    Session.delete(data) # 数据删除
    Session.rollback()  # 数据回滚,取消上述操作
    Session.commit() # 提交结果

    7. 数据统计

    print(Session.query(User).filter(User.name.in_(['alex', 'Jack'])).count())  # 统计名字是'alex'或者'Jack'的次数
    # 2 

    8. 根据名字进行数据分组

    from sqlalchemy import func
    data = Session.query(User.name, func.count(User.name)).group_by(User.name).all()
    print(data)
    
    # [('alex', 1), ('Tom', 1), ('Jack', 1)]

    9. 定义数据库的student表,进行连表查询

    # 定义Student类关联student table
    class Student(Base):
    
        __tablename__ = 'student'
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        name = Column(String(32))
        register_data = Column(Date)
        sex = Column(String(32))
    
    
        def __repr__(self):  # 返回查询到的信息
            return '<id: %s name: %s register_data: %s>' % (self.id, self.name, self.register_data)
    
    
    data = Session.query(User, Student).filter(User.name==Student.name).all()
    
    print(data)

    10. 将两个表的属性进行串联, 这里将student的id属性,有上课记录study_record的stu_id 属性进行关联,构造一个学生的上课记录

    from sqlalchemy import create_engine
    from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
    from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Date, ForeignKey
    from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
    
    
    # 创建连接
    engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:123456@localhost/oldboydb',
                           encoding='utf-8')
    
    Base = declarative_base()  # 生成orm 基类
    
    # 构造student的类
    class Student(Base):
    
        __tablename__ = 'student'
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        name = Column(String(32), nullable=False)
        register_data = Column(Date, nullable=False)
        sex = Column(String(32))
    
        def __repr__(self):
            return '<id: %s name: %s sex: %s>'%(self.id, self.name, self.sex)
    
    
    class StudyRecord(Base):
    
        __tablename__ = 'study_record'
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        day = Column(Integer, nullable=False)
        status = Column(String(32), nullable=False)
        stu_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('student.id'))  # 构建外键
    
        student = relationship('Student', backref='my_study_record')
    
        def __repr__(self):
            return '<%s day:%s status:%s>'%(self.student.name, self.day, self.status)
    
    Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
    
    Session_class = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
    
    session = Session_class()
    
    
    s1 = Student(name='Alex', register_data='2015-04-21')
    s2 = Student(name='Jack', register_data='2016-04-21')
    s3 = Student(name='Rain', register_data='2017-04-21')
    s4 = Student(name='Eric', register_data='2018-04-21')
    
    study_obj1 = StudyRecord(day=1, status='YES', stu_id=1)
    study_obj2 = StudyRecord(day=2, status='NO', stu_id=1)
    study_obj3 = StudyRecord(day=3, status='YES', stu_id=1)
    study_obj4 = StudyRecord(day=1, status='YES', stu_id=2)
    
    # 进行数据的批量插入
    session.add_all([s1, s2, s3, s4, study_obj1, study_obj2, study_obj3, study_obj4])
    
    stu_obj = session.query(Student).filter(Student.name=='alex').first()
    print(stu_obj.my_study_record) # 找出student='alex' 对应的学习记录

    11. 一张表里的两个属性对应一张表的属性,就好比商品的收获地址和发货地址都对应的是地址数据库

    from sqlalchemy import create_engine
    from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
    from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Date, ForeignKey
    from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
    
    
    
    # 创建连接
    engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:123456@localhost/oldboydb',
                           encoding='utf-8')
    
    Base = declarative_base()
    
    
    class Customer(Base):
    
        __tablename__ = 'customer'
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        name = Column(String(64))
    
        billing_address_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('address.id'))
        shipping_address_id = Column(Integer, ForeignKey('address.id'))
    
        billing_address = relationship('Address', foreign_keys = [billing_address_id])
        shipping_address = relationship('Address', foreign_keys = [shipping_address_id])
    
    
    class Address(Base):
    
        __tablename__ = 'address'
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        street = Column(String(64))
        city = Column(String(64))
        state = Column(String(64))
    
        def __repr__(self):
            return self.street
    
    Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
    
    Session_class = sessionmaker(bind=engine)
    
    session = Session_class()
    
    stu_obj = session.query(Customer).filter(Customer.name=='computer').first()
    print(stu_obj.shipping_address) # 找出student='alex' 对应的学习记录

    12. 构建多对多的表格类型,即一本书可以对应多个作者,一个作者可以对应多本书

    orm_m2m.py 

    from sqlalchemy import create_engine
    from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
    from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String, Date, ForeignKey, Table
    from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, relationship
    
    # 创建连接
    engine = create_engine('mysql+pymysql://root:lishentao22@localhost/oldboydb?charset=utf8',
                           )
    
    Base = declarative_base()
    
    
    book_m2m_author = Table('book_m2m_author', Base.metadata,
                            Column('book_id', ForeignKey('books.id')),
                            Column('author_id', ForeignKey('authors.id')))
    
    
    class Book(Base):
        __tablename__ = 'books'
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        name = Column(String(64))
        pub_date = Column(Date)
        authors = relationship('Author', secondary=book_m2m_author, backref='books')
    
    
        def __repr__(self):
            return self.name
    
    
    class Author(Base):
        __tablename__ = 'authors'
        id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
        name = Column(String(32))
    
        def __repr__(self):
            return self.name
    
    Base.metadata.create_all(engine)

    orm_m2m_api.py

    from day12 import orm_m2m
    from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
    
    
    
    Session_class = sessionmaker(bind=orm_m2m.engine)
    session = Session_class()
    
    # b1 = orm_m2m.Book(name='learn python with Alex', pub_date='2014-06-02')
    # b2 = orm_m2m.Book(name='learn Zhangbility with Alex', pub_date='2015-02-06')
    # b3 = orm_m2m.Book(name='go alex to taiguo', pub_date='2014-02-05')
    #
    # a1 = orm_m2m.Author(name='Alex')
    # a2 = orm_m2m.Author(name='Jack')
    # a3 = orm_m2m.Author(name='Rain')
    #
    # b1.authors = [a1, a3]
    # b3.authors = [a1, a2, a3]
    #
    # session.add_all([b1, b2, b3, a1, a2, a3])
    # session.commit()
    
    
    author_obj = session.query(orm_m2m.Author).filter(orm_m2m.Author.name=='alex').first()
    # session.delete(author_obj)  # 删除这个作者
    
    book_obj = session.query(orm_m2m.Book).filter(orm_m2m.Book.id==14).first()
    book_obj.authors.remove(author_obj)
    
    session.commit()
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/my-love-is-python/p/11507733.html
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